Section 2 compound_animation rev 4

Section 2 – (compound)

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By Petroleum Institute of Thailand

“ ”

(compound)

additives)

petrochemical

recycle plastics

•

•
finished product compounding
•
•


“ ”


“ ”

plastic)
commodity
plastic) (polyethylene: PE) (polypropylene: PP)
(polyvinyl chloride: PVC engineering plastic)
(polycarbonate: PC) (polyamide: PA)
poly(oxymethylene) polyacetal: POM

additives)

(masterbatch )


Compounding

preparation) (premixing) melt-mixing compound Pellet

(twin screw
extruder)

(ball mill) (two-roll mill)
(mixer)


2 (commodity plastic)
(engineering plastic)
(polyethylene: PE) (polypropylene:
PP) (polyvinyl chloride: PVC (polystyrene: PS)

(PE compound)
3

 High density polyethylene compound (HDPE compound)
 Low density polyethylene compound (LDPE compound)
 Linear low density polyethylene compound (LLDPE compound


(PE compound)
 High density polyethylene compound (HDPE compound)


(polyethylene: PE)
 Low density polyethylene compound (LDPE compound)

LDPE Compound


(polyethylene: PE)
 Linear low density polyethylene compound (LLDPE compound)

LDPE

LLDPE
Compound LDPE

Talc


(PP compound)

PE

(pentane)


(PVC compound)


(PS compound)


additives

(color masterbatch)

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additives

/

1

(synergistic effect)


additives

2 functional additives
(modifiers)
(stabilizing additives) process additives)
(processing aids)

- antifogging agent - filler
- antimicrobial - flame retardant
modifiers - antistatic agent - impact modifier
- blowing agent - optical brightening agent
- colorant - plasticizer
functional
additives
- antioxidant
stabilizing - antiozonant
additives - heat stabilizer
additives - UV stabilizer

process processing - lubricant
- mould releasing agent
additives aids
- slip agent


(modifiers)

antifogging agent)

sorbitan
esters)
(polyoxyethylene esters)
glycerol esters)
(polyglycerol esters)

(PVC) (PE,
PP)

(functional additives)

(modifiers)

antifogging agent)

2
 external)

 internal)

diffuse)

sealing)


(modifiers)

antimicrobials)

- (10,16-oxy-
bisphenoxy arsine (OBPA)) isothiazolin)

flexible PVC)


(modifiers)

antimicrobials)

carrier)
plasticizer)

leach)


(modifiers)

antistatic agent)


(modifiers)

antistatic agent)

2


internal antistatic agent)

PE, PP PVC

 external
antistatic agent)
spraying)
(dipping)
PET) PC)


(modifiers)

blowing agent)

cells)


(modifiers)

blowing agent)

physical blowing agent)

2


 (pentane) (fluorocarbon

chemical blowing agent)


(modifiers)

colorant)

dye)

(PS)
(PC) (PMMA) (unsaturated
polyester) polyolefins) Flexible PVC, PE,
PP

(nigrosine) (azo and diazo)
(perinone) (guinoline) anthraquinone)


(modifiers)

colorant)

pigment)

-
(agglomerate)
(dispersion)

(PE) (PP)

o (oxide) sulfide)
o carbon black) (ferric oxide)
o

o


(modifiers)


(modifiers)

filler)

(adhesion)

2


(modifiers)

4
1. (particulate filler)
2

clay

non-reinforcing
filler)
talc) talc)

reinforcing filler)

(flexural
modulus) (tensile strength

(plastic composite)

(modifiers)

2. (rubber filler)
butadiene rubber
(BR) polystyrene (PS) polystyrene High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)

3. (synthetic resin filler)
styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
Phenolic Resin

4. (fibrous filler)

, polyester, polyacrylonitrile


(modifiers)

flame retardant)
bromine) (chlorine) phosphorus)
(antimony) aluminium)


(modifiers)

flame retardant)
3
 char former)

 heat absorber)

 flame quencher)
synergist)
antimony trioxide)


(modifiers)

impact modifier)
impact strength)
(toughness)
modulus of elasticity) (tensile strength)
processability)


(modifiers)

 (PP)
PP
ethylene propylene
diene monomer (EPDM) 10-40%

 PS)
PS EPDM

PS

PP EPDM


(modifiers)

optical brightening agent: OBA)

UV -

-


(modifiers)

plasticizer)
elastomer)
(flexibility) soft) flexible) strechable)

Dioctyl Phthalate (DOP),
Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP), Diisononyl
Phthalate (DINP)


(modifiers)

plasticizer)

 primary plasticizer)

 secondary plasticizer)

 extender)

diluent)


(modifiers)

internal plasticizer)

(Tg)
(copolymer)

external plasticizer)

Tg


(stabilizing additives)

ozone



antioxidant)

oxidation

Discoloration)

Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT)
low density polyethylene: LDPE
linear low density
polyethylene: LLDPE high
density polyethylene: HDPE
(Polypropylene: PP) Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT)

(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer: ABS) Tri-Aryl Phosphite



antiozonant)

migrate)

(physical antiozonant)

(wax)
PVC (flexible)

(chemical antiozonant)

Secondary Alkyl Aryl Amine



heat stabilizer)

polyvinyl chloride: PVC)
(dehydrochlorination)

catalyst)

- - - - (organotin compound)
- -



(UV stabilizer)

ultraviolet: UV)
free radicals)
peroxy radical)
yellowing) embrittlement)

PE PP

(UV stabilizer)


(modifiers)

(UV stabilizer)

 UV absorber)
UV
UV (benzophenone)
benzotriazole) 0.1-0.5%

 free radical terminator)

hindered amine)

 quencher)
UV
, ,
zinc diethyl dithio carbamate


(processing aids)

output)

(process additives)

(processing aids)

(lubricant)

(roll) barrel) screw)

Injection process

Blown film process

(process additives)

(processing aids)

(lubricant)
2

 external lubricant)

calcium stearate)
stearic acid)

 internal lubricant)

fatty acid) fatty acid amide)
fatty acid ester)

(process additives)

(processing aids)

(mould releasing agent)
composite)
lubricant oil) solid
lubricant) wax)

(external mould releasing agent)

fluorocarbon)
-
� -

oily film)

(oil-repellent) stain proofing)

(process additives)

(processing aids)

(mould releasing agent)

internal mould releasing agent)

fatty alcohol/amide)
ester) wax)

carrier solvent)

-

(process additives)

(processing aids)

(slip agent)

(coefficient of friction)

PE PP

(process additives)

(processing aids)

(slip agent)

 external slip agent)

metal
soap) fatty acid amide ester) silicon oil) wax) �
paraffin oil) glycol)

 internal slip agent)

amphipolar) fatty acid) long chain
fatty acid ester) (PE wax) � white oil)

(process additives)

Section 2 compound_animation rev 4

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