Given to Cardiff Councillors on 7th May 2009 who were considering the economic impact of parks. Presented by Peter Cox with David Eggleton and Jeanne-Helene Eggleton all members of Bute Parks Alliance (www.buteparksalliance.org)
3. Opening Statement
Cardiff Council - as the public inheritors of the Bute Parks - have repeatedly failed to
secure their cultural and economic value to the point where their role as exemplary public
parks has in some areas been irretrievably lost, and in others is lethally threatened by the
imposition of publicly unacceptable policy, petty individual and political agendas .... and
ignorance.
2
4. Opening Statement
Cardiff Council - as the public inheritors of the Bute Parks - have repeatedly failed to
secure their cultural and economic value to the point where their role as exemplary public
parks has in some areas been irretrievably lost, and in others is lethally threatened by the
imposition of publicly unacceptable policy, petty individual and political agendas .... and
ignorance.
"The wide complex [of the Taff Parks] is an asset to the city of incomparable historic , visual
and amenity value" Cadw 3rd April 2006
2
6. Who we are
a collection of individuals with expertise in planning, business development, cultural
regeneration, architecture and the built environment, landscape architecture and planning,
local history
3
7. Who we are
a collection of individuals with expertise in planning, business development, cultural
regeneration, architecture and the built environment, landscape architecture and planning,
local history
above all, largely local residents, concerned to see the continual and wilful destruction of
one of Cardiff's. greatest assets
3
8. Who we are
a collection of individuals with expertise in planning, business development, cultural
regeneration, architecture and the built environment, landscape architecture and planning,
local history
above all, largely local residents, concerned to see the continual and wilful destruction of
one of Cardiff's. greatest assets
we have developed links and alliances with other interest groups including the BPA, the
Civic Society, the Victorian Society, Welsh Historic Gardens Trust
3
9. Who we are
a collection of individuals with expertise in planning, business development, cultural
regeneration, architecture and the built environment, landscape architecture and planning,
local history
above all, largely local residents, concerned to see the continual and wilful destruction of
one of Cardiff's. greatest assets
we have developed links and alliances with other interest groups including the BPA, the
Civic Society, the Victorian Society, Welsh Historic Gardens Trust
but today we speak only for ourselves, whilst trying to represent in this presentation the
concern of many
3
11. The Bute Parks
as we call Bute Park, Sophia Gardens, Llandaff and
Pontcanna Fields... are not some relict of Georgian
philanthropy
4
12. The Bute Parks
as we call Bute Park, Sophia Gardens, Llandaff and
Pontcanna Fields... are not some relict of Georgian
philanthropy
The money to develop them largely came from coal -
from the lost lives and intolerable working conditions of
countless miners and their families
4
13. The Bute Parks
as we call Bute Park, Sophia Gardens, Llandaff and
Pontcanna Fields... are not some relict of Georgian
philanthropy
The money to develop them largely came from coal -
from the lost lives and intolerable working conditions of
countless miners and their families
They are the most direct representation - apart from
street names - in Cardiff of Wales' industrial heritage.
4
14. The Bute Parks
as we call Bute Park, Sophia Gardens, Llandaff and
Pontcanna Fields... are not some relict of Georgian
philanthropy
The money to develop them largely came from coal -
from the lost lives and intolerable working conditions of
countless miners and their families
They are the most direct representation - apart from
street names - in Cardiff of Wales' industrial heritage.
The Bute's and their parks didn't happen by accident -
some might say they were built with blood money.
However historians describe it, we'd do well to
remember that Cardiff's civic wealth is entirely
dependent on others' labour.
4
15. "Bute Park is a microcosm of the
history of Cardiff as a settlement"
5
16. "Bute Park is a microcosm of the
history of Cardiff as a settlement"
It began, as so often, by enclosure and
exclusion - public prohibited in favour of
deer.
5
17. "Bute Park is a microcosm of the
history of Cardiff as a settlement"
It began, as so often, by enclosure and
exclusion - public prohibited in favour of
deer.
By 1873 it reached its peak with the
work of Andrew Pettigrew
5
18. "Bute Park is a microcosm of the
history of Cardiff as a settlement"
It began, as so often, by enclosure and
exclusion - public prohibited in favour of
deer.
By 1873 it reached its peak with the
work of Andrew Pettigrew
But even the Butes' had to eat - in early
20th century they added a vegetable
garden
5
19. "Bute Park is a microcosm of the
history of Cardiff as a settlement"
It began, as so often, by enclosure and
exclusion - public prohibited in favour of
deer.
By 1873 it reached its peak with the
work of Andrew Pettigrew
But even the Butes' had to eat - in early
20th century they added a vegetable
garden
1947 some of the land was given other
parts purchased with ratepayers money.
5
20. "Bute Park is a microcosm of the
history of Cardiff as a settlement"
It began, as so often, by enclosure and
exclusion - public prohibited in favour of
deer.
In 1924 Council plans to drive a
By 1873 it reached its peak with the
roadway through the park were defeated
work of Andrew Pettigrew
"an act of vandalism. In 2008 the
Council gave itself permission to build a
But even the Butes' had to eat - in early
roadway and bridge for 40 ton lorries
20th century they added a vegetable
through Bute Park.
garden
1947 some of the land was given other
parts purchased with ratepayers money.
5
23. Sophia Gardens
Bute Estate spent £15,000 laying out 41 acres - 1854
In March 1987 it "will be a place for public assembly for
the people of Cardiff"
6
24. Sophia Gardens
Bute Estate spent £15,000 laying out 41 acres - 1854
In March 1987 it "will be a place for public assembly for
the people of Cardiff"
24 acres landscaped by Alexander Roos as a Continental
garden
6
25. Sophia Gardens
Bute Estate spent £15,000 laying out 41 acres - 1854
In March 1987 it "will be a place for public assembly for
the people of Cardiff"
24 acres landscaped by Alexander Roos as a Continental
garden
Opened to public to compensate for closure of the castle
grounds
6
26. Sophia Gardens
Bute Estate spent £15,000 laying out 41 acres - 1854
In March 1987 it "will be a place for public assembly for
the people of Cardiff"
24 acres landscaped by Alexander Roos as a Continental
garden
Opened to public to compensate for closure of the castle
grounds
First municipal park in Cardiff - pleasure ground,
ornamental lake and walks, fountains and many other
features now lost.
6
29. Pontcanna Fields
In 1860 intended to extend to Llandaff Cathedral acquired in 1879
Laid out in 1901 - including features such as the Lime Avenue
7
30. Pontcanna Fields
In 1860 intended to extend to Llandaff Cathedral acquired in 1879
Laid out in 1901 - including features such as the Lime Avenue
In 1947 swimming pool exists
7
31. Pontcanna Fields
In 1860 intended to extend to Llandaff Cathedral acquired in 1879
Laid out in 1901 - including features such as the Lime Avenue
In 1947 swimming pool exists
The avenue was cut by Western Avenue and the College developed on part of the
parkland
7
34. Llandaff Fields
Vociferous local campaign in 1898 to prevent develop and bring into public ownership
Contributors included the Thomsons who in 1912 gifted Thomson Park to the city
8
35. Llandaff Fields
Vociferous local campaign in 1898 to prevent develop and bring into public ownership
Contributors included the Thomsons who in 1912 gifted Thomson Park to the city
Originally landscaped with fountain, pool, rockery and fern dell
8
40. 12
Sophia Gardens
- essentially destroyed by a combination of buildings
and car parking
41. 12
Sophia Gardens
- essentially destroyed by a combination of buildings
and car parking
Welsh Institute of Sports - quango
42. 12
Sophia Gardens
- essentially destroyed by a combination of buildings
and car parking
Welsh Institute of Sports - quango
Bowling Club - enclosed space, low quality building loss
of public access
43. 12
Sophia Gardens
- essentially destroyed by a combination of buildings
and car parking
Welsh Institute of Sports - quango
Bowling Club - enclosed space, low quality building loss
of public access
GCC - 'village cricket' green of open aspect now private
company with low quality stadium building
44. 12
Sophia Gardens
- essentially destroyed by a combination of buildings
and car parking
Welsh Institute of Sports - quango
Bowling Club - enclosed space, low quality building loss
of public access
GCC - 'village cricket' green of open aspect now private
company with low quality stadium building
Car parking, much of it contrary to Council's own
policies
45. 12
Sophia Gardens
- essentially destroyed by a combination of buildings
and car parking
Welsh Institute of Sports - quango
Bowling Club - enclosed space, low quality building loss
of public access
GCC - 'village cricket' green of open aspect now private
company with low quality stadium building
Car parking, much of it contrary to Council's own
policies
No elements of original parkland qualities
46. 12
Sophia Gardens
- essentially destroyed by a combination of buildings
and car parking
Welsh Institute of Sports - quango
Bowling Club - enclosed space, low quality building loss
of public access
GCC - 'village cricket' green of open aspect now private
company with low quality stadium building
Car parking, much of it contrary to Council's own
policies
No elements of original parkland qualities
Strong argument that it should no longer be registered
49. 13
Bute Park
Substantial areas used (and impacted by)
large scale public events
Nursery now seen as an industrial
installation
50. 13
Bute Park
Substantial areas used (and impacted by)
large scale public events
Nursery now seen as an industrial
installation
Council has given itself permission to build
roadways for 40 ton lorries
51. 13
Bute Park
Substantial areas used (and impacted by)
large scale public events
Nursery now seen as an industrial
installation
Council has given itself permission to build
roadways for 40 ton lorries
Includes a massive bridge that
substantially impacts on park's qualities
52. 13
Bute Park
Substantial areas used (and impacted by)
large scale public events
Nursery now seen as an industrial
installation
Council has given itself permission to build
roadways for 40 ton lorries
Includes a massive bridge that
substantially impacts on park's qualities
Conversion and extension of domestic
building (lodge house) to information
centre
54. 14
Pontcanna Fields
Large areas inaccessible for public use - Riding School
- also large, industrial/farm buildings
55. 14
Pontcanna Fields
Large areas inaccessible for public use - Riding School
- also large, industrial/farm buildings
Large caravan site
56. 14
Pontcanna Fields
Large areas inaccessible for public use - Riding School
- also large, industrial/farm buildings
Large caravan site
Large car park and low quality sports building (Fields
Park Road)
57. 14
Pontcanna Fields
Large areas inaccessible for public use - Riding School
- also large, industrial/farm buildings
Large caravan site
Large car park and low quality sports building (Fields
Park Road)
Low quality 'Pedal Power' building
58. 14
Pontcanna Fields
Large areas inaccessible for public use - Riding School
- also large, industrial/farm buildings
Large caravan site
Large car park and low quality sports building (Fields
Park Road)
Low quality 'Pedal Power' building
Majority of land lost to public use for two years as a
result of the National Eisteddfod (who have publicly said
they want to return)
59. 14
Pontcanna Fields
Large areas inaccessible for public use - Riding School
- also large, industrial/farm buildings
Large caravan site
Large car park and low quality sports building (Fields
Park Road)
Low quality 'Pedal Power' building
Majority of land lost to public use for two years as a
result of the National Eisteddfod (who have publicly said
they want to return)
Used for other, non public events, eg polo
60. 14
Pontcanna Fields
Large areas inaccessible for public use - Riding School
- also large, industrial/farm buildings
Large caravan site
Large car park and low quality sports building (Fields
Park Road)
Low quality 'Pedal Power' building
Majority of land lost to public use for two years as a
result of the National Eisteddfod (who have publicly said
they want to return)
Used for other, non public events, eg polo
Lime Avenue visually despoiled by unnecessary and
legally irrelevant yellow lines
62. 15
Llandaff Fields
Major encroachment on Northern boundary - small
scale development at WJEC replaced by office
block/s that make no recognition of their location
63. 15
Llandaff Fields
Major encroachment on Northern boundary - small
scale development at WJEC replaced by office
block/s that make no recognition of their location
New building opens argument for more commercial
'in-filling' along Western Avenue
67. 17
Conspiracy, intention or
ineptitude?
Each part of the visionary swathe of
parks has been eroded in cultural,
historic and amenity value
Conspiracy or cock-up? Certainly lack of
strategic vision, planning and
widespread ignorance
68. 17
Conspiracy, intention or
ineptitude?
Each part of the visionary swathe of
parks has been eroded in cultural,
historic and amenity value
Conspiracy or cock-up? Certainly lack of
strategic vision, planning and
widespread ignorance
Council policy is said to be about
"maximising income" "maximising civic
kudos" ie political self-aggrandisement
69. 17
Conspiracy, intention or
ineptitude?
Each part of the visionary swathe of
parks has been eroded in cultural,
historic and amenity value Council have failed to uphold the civic
values of its predecessors, lost sight of
Conspiracy or cock-up? Certainly lack of the visionary purpose of a unique civic
strategic vision, planning and asset, failed - and continue to fail - to
widespread ignorance understand the community harm that will
result from the destruction of the
Council policy is said to be about qualities of the Bite Parks
"maximising income" "maximising civic
kudos" ie political self-aggrandisement
72. 19
The real costs?
Every public event removes amenity for
the public, affects the environment, and
pursuing the goal of 'maximised
income" means destroying through
intrusion (bridge/roadways etc) the park
- Irony that the RHS garden Festival is a
prime event
73. 19
The real costs?
Every public event removes amenity for
the public, affects the environment, and
pursuing the goal of 'maximised
income" means destroying through
intrusion (bridge/roadways etc) the park
- Irony that the RHS garden Festival is a
prime event
The whole is a fragile concept:
74. 19
The real costs?
Every public event removes amenity for
the public, affects the environment, and
pursuing the goal of 'maximised
income" means destroying through
intrusion (bridge/roadways etc) the park
- Irony that the RHS garden Festival is a
prime event
The whole is a fragile concept:
The WIS and CCC do - as predicted -
have a profound effect on both Bute
Park and in Pontcanna Fields
75. 19
The real costs?
Every public event removes amenity for
the public, affects the environment, and
pursuing the goal of 'maximised
income" means destroying through
intrusion (bridge/roadways etc) the park
- Irony that the RHS garden Festival is a
prime event
The whole is a fragile concept:
The WIS and CCC do - as predicted -
have a profound effect on both Bute
Park and in Pontcanna Fields
One Eisteddfod kills huge areas of
publicly accessible parkland for two
years - patterns of use will have
changed, maybe irredeemably
76. 19
The real costs?
Every public event removes amenity for
the public, affects the environment, and
pursuing the goal of 'maximised The caravan park led to 'pedal
income" means destroying through power'; a sports pavilion led to the
intrusion (bridge/roadways etc) the park scout hut; planners will have to fight
- Irony that the RHS garden Festival is a to secure the 'green belt gap'
prime event
The whole is a fragile concept:
The WIS and CCC do - as predicted -
have a profound effect on both Bute
Park and in Pontcanna Fields
One Eisteddfod kills huge areas of
publicly accessible parkland for two
years - patterns of use will have
changed, maybe irredeemably
77. 19
The real costs?
Every public event removes amenity for
the public, affects the environment, and
pursuing the goal of 'maximised The caravan park led to 'pedal
income" means destroying through power'; a sports pavilion led to the
intrusion (bridge/roadways etc) the park scout hut; planners will have to fight
- Irony that the RHS garden Festival is a to secure the 'green belt gap'
prime event
The WJEC 'upgrading' will lead to
The whole is a fragile concept: demands for 'completing the facade'
The WIS and CCC do - as predicted -
have a profound effect on both Bute
Park and in Pontcanna Fields
One Eisteddfod kills huge areas of
publicly accessible parkland for two
years - patterns of use will have
changed, maybe irredeemably
78. 19
The real costs?
Every public event removes amenity for
the public, affects the environment, and
pursuing the goal of 'maximised The caravan park led to 'pedal
income" means destroying through power'; a sports pavilion led to the
intrusion (bridge/roadways etc) the park scout hut; planners will have to fight
- Irony that the RHS garden Festival is a to secure the 'green belt gap'
prime event
The WJEC 'upgrading' will lead to
The whole is a fragile concept: demands for 'completing the facade'
The WIS and CCC do - as predicted - The development of the nursery as a
have a profound effect on both Bute commercial/industrial facility will lead
Park and in Pontcanna Fields to further development demands "in
One Eisteddfod kills huge areas of order to improve efficiency, sustain
publicly accessible parkland for two financial viability"
years - patterns of use will have
changed, maybe irredeemably
80. 20
But it's the whole that brings value
Pontcanna houses have a huge value
uplift compared with other areas of
Cardiff - say £450M
81. 20
But it's the whole that brings value
Pontcanna houses have a huge value
uplift compared with other areas of
Cardiff - say £450M
The parks effect may mean +- £900,000
council revenue
82. 20
But it's the whole that brings value
Pontcanna houses have a huge value
uplift compared with other areas of
Cardiff - say £450M
The parks effect may mean +- £900,000
council revenue
The people who live in the area are
'high-earners" inevitably adding value to
the local economy: more likely to shop
locally, be environmentally aware,
possibly more involved in their
community than others
83. 20
But it's the whole that brings value
Pontcanna houses have a huge value
uplift compared with other areas of
Cardiff - say £450M
The parks effect may mean +- £900,000
council revenue
The people who live in the area are
'high-earners" inevitably adding value to
the local economy: more likely to shop
locally, be environmentally aware,
possibly more involved in their
community than others
The local environment - parks + city
centre accessibility - brings creative,
innovative, cultural businesses
84. 20
But it's the whole that brings value
Pontcanna houses have a huge value
uplift compared with other areas of
The whole brings environmental assets,
Cardiff - say £450M
health and well being, is a major tourist
The parks effect may mean +- £900,000 attraction
council revenue
The people who live in the area are
'high-earners" inevitably adding value to
the local economy: more likely to shop
locally, be environmentally aware,
possibly more involved in their
community than others
The local environment - parks + city
centre accessibility - brings creative,
innovative, cultural businesses
85. 20
But it's the whole that brings value
Pontcanna houses have a huge value
uplift compared with other areas of
The whole brings environmental assets,
Cardiff - say £450M
health and well being, is a major tourist
The parks effect may mean +- £900,000 attraction
council revenue
As a whole, its parks are a reflection of a
The people who live in the area are community's sense of its self-worth
'high-earners" inevitably adding value to
the local economy: more likely to shop
locally, be environmentally aware,
possibly more involved in their
community than others
The local environment - parks + city
centre accessibility - brings creative,
innovative, cultural businesses
86. 20
But it's the whole that brings value
Pontcanna houses have a huge value
uplift compared with other areas of
The whole brings environmental assets,
Cardiff - say £450M
health and well being, is a major tourist
The parks effect may mean +- £900,000 attraction
council revenue
As a whole, its parks are a reflection of a
The people who live in the area are community's sense of its self-worth
'high-earners" inevitably adding value to
The value that the Bute Parks brings is
the local economy: more likely to shop
fragile
locally, be environmentally aware,
possibly more involved in their
community than others
The local environment - parks + city
centre accessibility - brings creative,
innovative, cultural businesses
87. 20
But it's the whole that brings value
Pontcanna houses have a huge value
uplift compared with other areas of
The whole brings environmental assets,
Cardiff - say £450M
health and well being, is a major tourist
The parks effect may mean +- £900,000 attraction
council revenue
As a whole, its parks are a reflection of a
The people who live in the area are community's sense of its self-worth
'high-earners" inevitably adding value to
The value that the Bute Parks brings is
the local economy: more likely to shop
fragile
locally, be environmentally aware,
possibly more involved in their
It is perception led - it is founded on
community than others
trust with the council
The local environment - parks + city
centre accessibility - brings creative,
innovative, cultural businesses
88. 20
But it's the whole that brings value
Pontcanna houses have a huge value
uplift compared with other areas of
The whole brings environmental assets,
Cardiff - say £450M
health and well being, is a major tourist
The parks effect may mean +- £900,000 attraction
council revenue
As a whole, its parks are a reflection of a
The people who live in the area are community's sense of its self-worth
'high-earners" inevitably adding value to
The value that the Bute Parks brings is
the local economy: more likely to shop
fragile
locally, be environmentally aware,
possibly more involved in their
It is perception led - it is founded on
community than others
trust with the council
The local environment - parks + city
It will be easily destroyed
centre accessibility - brings creative,
innovative, cultural businesses
90. 21
The Council's role
Planning - Conservation status - is not
protecting the parks: officers are
powerful, members do not intercede
91. 21
The Council's role
Planning - Conservation status - is not
protecting the parks: officers are
powerful, members do not intercede
If there is 'a plan' then it's a very secret
one - FOI disclosures show a lack of
strategic thinking, interdepartmental
rivalry amongst officers, political leaders
who don't
92. 21
The Council's role
Planning - Conservation status - is not
protecting the parks: officers are
powerful, members do not intercede
If there is 'a plan' then it's a very secret
one - FOI disclosures show a lack of
strategic thinking, interdepartmental
rivalry amongst officers, political leaders
who don't
Bad decisions are embedded and
fought for long after reasoned
reconsideration suggests that they
should be reconsidered
93. 21
The Council's role
Planning - Conservation status - is not
protecting the parks: officers are
Actions suggest that there is ignorance -
powerful, members do not intercede
at best lip-service - to the ethos of
public places, even more to the cultural,
If there is 'a plan' then it's a very secret
heritage, health and environmental
one - FOI disclosures show a lack of
importance of parks in general and the
strategic thinking, interdepartmental
Bute Parks in particular
rivalry amongst officers, political leaders
who don't
Bad decisions are embedded and
fought for long after reasoned
reconsideration suggests that they
should be reconsidered
94. 21
The Council's role
Planning - Conservation status - is not
protecting the parks: officers are
Actions suggest that there is ignorance -
powerful, members do not intercede
at best lip-service - to the ethos of
public places, even more to the cultural,
If there is 'a plan' then it's a very secret
heritage, health and environmental
one - FOI disclosures show a lack of
importance of parks in general and the
strategic thinking, interdepartmental
Bute Parks in particular
rivalry amongst officers, political leaders
who don't
The council - through its members and
officers - cultivates processes to serve
Bad decisions are embedded and
its own (?) ends, not those of civic well-
fought for long after reasoned
being or public involvement
reconsideration suggests that they
should be reconsidered
96. 22
Why do anything now?
The very existence of the ethos of the
Bute Parks has been eroded it may be
too late to rescue its important values
and features
97. 22
Why do anything now?
The very existence of the ethos of the
Bute Parks has been eroded it may be
too late to rescue its important values
and features
Bute Parks - will be profoundly impacted
by the bridge/roadways scheme - opens
floodgates for eventual destruction
98. 22
Why do anything now?
The very existence of the ethos of the
Bute Parks has been eroded it may be
too late to rescue its important values
and features
Bute Parks - will be profoundly impacted
by the bridge/roadways scheme - opens
floodgates for eventual destruction
Sophia Gardens is lost
99. 22
Why do anything now?
The very existence of the ethos of the
Bute Parks has been eroded it may be
too late to rescue its important values
and features
Bute Parks - will be profoundly impacted
by the bridge/roadways scheme - opens
floodgates for eventual destruction
Sophia Gardens is lost
Pontcanna Fields is out of action - future
fragile
100. 22
Why do anything now?
The very existence of the ethos of the
Bute Parks has been eroded it may be
too late to rescue its important values
and features
Bute Parks - will be profoundly impacted Llandaff Fields - seriously impacted by
by the bridge/roadways scheme - opens recent planning decisions - now a major
floodgates for eventual destruction cause for concern
Sophia Gardens is lost
Pontcanna Fields is out of action - future
fragile
103. 23
Suggestions
We support the BPA's call for a moratorium on actions that will further impact on the Bute
Parks
We suggest that the council supports a charrette to help inform and develop a policy for
the future of the Bute Parks
104. 23
Suggestions
We support the BPA's call for a moratorium on actions that will further impact on the Bute
Parks
We suggest that the council supports a charrette to help inform and develop a policy for
the future of the Bute Parks
That, as well as involving the public in that, undertake a full ranging, genuine consultation
on the results
105. 23
Suggestions
We support the BPA's call for a moratorium on actions that will further impact on the Bute
Parks
We suggest that the council supports a charrette to help inform and develop a policy for
the future of the Bute Parks
That, as well as involving the public in that, undertake a full ranging, genuine consultation
on the results
Then put clear options forward
106. 23
Suggestions
We support the BPA's call for a moratorium on actions that will further impact on the Bute
Parks
We suggest that the council supports a charrette to help inform and develop a policy for
the future of the Bute Parks
That, as well as involving the public in that, undertake a full ranging, genuine consultation
on the results
Then put clear options forward
Mandate policies based on those agreed options
108. 24
We have a once in a life-time
opportunity
?
do we want to rescue and revive the
vision of our forebears?
109. 24
We have a once in a life-time
opportunity
?
do we want to rescue and revive the
vision of our forebears?
do we accept that the council is both
responsible for its mistakes, and liable
as representatives of its citizens, to put
them right?
110. 24
We have a once in a life-time
opportunity
?
do we want to rescue and revive the
vision of our forebears?
do we accept that the council is both
responsible for its mistakes, and liable
as representatives of its citizens, to put
them right?
In the absence of local elections for
some time, this committee is probably
the last hope for the Bute Parks
Origins of the term "charrette"
Thought to originate from the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris in the 19th century, the word charrette is from the French for "little cart" or "chariot." It was not unknown for student architects to continue working furiously, at the last minute, on the illustrations for their design presentations, even while riding in the school cart ("en charrette") through the streets of Paris en route to submit the projects to their professors.[1] Hence, the term metamorphosed into the current design-related usage in conjunction with working right up until a deadline.
Historically, the term charrette also has been applied to the cart or tumbril used to carry the condemned to the guillotine. See: Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé. For example: Une charrette (...) traînait lentement à la guillotine un homme dont personne ne savait le nom (Anatole France, Les Dieux ont soif, 1912, p. 44) [trans: "a charrette slowly brought to the guillotine a man whose name nobody knew".]See PATRICK M. CONDON, DESIGN CHARRETTES FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES 1, Island Press (2008).
In the 16th, 17th, and 18th century when travel took long periods, a Charette referred to long carriage rides in which politicians and policy makers would be sequestered together in order to collaborate in solving a set problem over the duration of their journey. This origin is most similar to the current usage of the word in the design world.