SCI 220 sci220 SCI220 Sci 220 sci220 SCI/220 HUMAN NUTRITION https://uopcourses.com/category/sci-220/

SCI/220
HUMAN NUTRITION
The Latest Version A+ Study Guide
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SCI 220 Entire Course Link
https://uopcourses.com/category/sci-220/
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SCI 220 Week 1 Day 3 Participation: Diagnostic Discussion
In this learning activity, discuss with the other members of your assigned Discussion
Group your experiences with taking this week's diagnostic.
Participate by Day 3 in a discussion with your assigned Discussion Group on the
following topics:
• How did you do on the diagnostic this week?
• Based on the diagnostic, what is your plan for practice?
• Find a resource about the topics that require more study and share with
your class.
SCI 220 Week 1 Day 5 Participation: Create-a-Plate Discussion
In this learning activity, you will discuss with the other members of your assigned
Discussion Group your experiences with completing the Week 1 Create-a-Plate
activities:
• Create-a-Plate: Create a Balanced Snack
• Create-a-Plate: Create a Lunch Using MyPlate

• Create-a-Plate: Create a Gluten-Free Dinner
• Create-a-Plate: Create a High Fiber Breakfast
following topics:
• Why is it important to eat a balanced snack? What can you do to ensure your
snacks are nutritious?
• How can you use MyPlate to create a healthy meal plan?
• What advice would you give to someone that just discovered that they have a
sensitivity to gluten?
• What is one benefit of eating a high fiber breakfast? What can you do to ensure
you are eating enough fiber for breakfast?
SCI 220 Week 1 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam
In this graded assignment, you are assessed on the content covered in this weeks' readings,
activities, and assignments. To help you prepare, it is recommended that you first complete this
week's Learning Path and Self-Test Learning Activities prior to completing this exam.
Click on the Assignments link in WileyPLUS to access the Week 1 Exam.
Complete the Week 1 Exam covering this week's assigned readings listed below:
• Ch. 1: Nutrition: Everyday Choices
• Ch. 2: Guidelines for a Healthy Diet
• Ch. 3: Digestion: From Meals to Molecules
Note. Work submitted in WileyPLUS does not count toward attendance. Be sure to post at least
two times each week in the online classrom to avoid being auto-dropped from the course.
Question 1
Which of the following statements illustrates the concept of variety?
If you can eat some extra fries, take a long walk in the afternoon.
Reduce your portions by using smaller bowls.

Skip the seconds or split your restaurant meal with a friend.
Try a new vegetable every week.
Question 4
Some nutrient deficiencies occur quickly, whereas others take more time to develop. Which
of the following nutrient deficiencies are listed in the order reflecting most quickly to least
quickly?
Dehydration, osteoporosis, scurvy
Scurvy, dehydration, osteoporosis
Osteoporosis, dehydration, scurvy
Dehydration, scurvy, osteoporosis
Question 9
On the food label, a %DV is NOT required for:

monounsaturated
fats.
saturated
fats.
total fat.
trans fat
.
Question 11
For most nutrients, exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) through food
consumption is difficult.
True
False
Question 12
MyPlate was designed to put the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines into practice.

True
False
Question 13
Dietary supplements are required to carry a Supplement Facts panel similar to the
Nutrition Facts panel on food labels.
True
False
Question 15
Which of the following groups of individuals is(are) recommended to consume less than
1500 mg of sodium daily?

Adults 51 and older
African Americans
Those with diabetes and/or hypertension
All of these individuals are advised to consume less than 1500 mg/daily.
Question 16
Based on the ingredients listing for drinks A and B, which would be the healthier choice?

Drink A
Drink B
Drinks A and B are comparable (neither is healthier)
Question 17
All of the following are nutrient-dense protein sources EXCEPT:
almonds.
bananas.
black beans.
sunflower seeds.
Question 18

The mucosa has high nutrient requirements and will show signs of nutrient deficiency
early.
True
False
Question 19
A _____ meal stays in the stomach the longest.
high-carbohydrate
high-fat
high-protein
low-fat
Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an end result of chemical digestion?
Amino acids
Fatty
acids
Glucose
Protein
Question 22
The regulation of stomach motility and secretion
does not vary based on the composition of the meal.
is affected by the food that has not yet reached the
stomach.
is controlled in part by the hormone pepsin.
is not affected by the material that has exited the stomach.

Question 23
____ neutralizes the acidic chyme as it enters the small intestine.
Bile
Bicarbonate
Gastrin
Pepsin
Test Bank, Question 6
Which of the following statements regarding phytochemicals is true?
They are essential for life.
They are always harmful to our
health.

They are found in plant
foods.
They contribute to the calories that we eat in our
diet.
Dietary supplements provide nutrients and all the other benefits of food.
Tru
e
False
Healthy eating requires you to give up your favorite low nutrient-dense foods.
True
False

Over time, consuming excess or insufficient amounts of one or more nutrients will result in
malnutrition.
Tru
e
False
Nutrigenomics explores the interaction between genetic variation and nutrition.
Tru
e
False
Ethan achieves his recommended intake of vegetables by eating a large baked potato every day.
Which principle is he not achieving?
balance

moderation
nutrient density
variety
Which is NOT an example of moderation in your diet and lifestyle?
Going back for seconds on all dinner items, rather than just the item you like
best
Eating dessert occasionally
Balancing an extra dessert with extra exercise
Sharing a restaurant entrée or dessert with your dinner
companion
Limiting empty calories is important as they provide mostly calories and fewer nutrients.

Tru
e
False
For all nutrients, Tolerable Upper Intake (UL) Levels are set for intakes from dietary supplements only.
Tru
e
False
A person’s nutritional status is influenced by his/her intake and utilization of nutrients.
Tru
e
False

The EARs are set higher than the RDAs.
Tru
e
False
Food additives must be included in the ingredients list.
Tru
e
False
Restaurants, upon request, must be able to provide consumers with the nutritional information of the

foods served.
Tru
e
False
Beans and peas are good sources of the nutrients found in both vegetables and protein foods, so they
can be counted in either food group.
Tru
e
False
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a source of empty calories?
Donuts and other pastries

Soft drinks and
candy
Table sugar and
butter
Oils
Nutrient content and health claims are approved by the:
FDA.
food manufacturer.
USDA.
US Department of Public Health.
The smallest units of life are

atoms.
cells.
organs
.
tissues.
Which of the following substances is not absorbed by the human body?
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Fiber
Sugars

What might occur if the sphincter denoted here doesn’t close correctly, and some of the contents from
the stomach enter into the esophagus?
Choking
Constipation
Heartburn
Peptic ulcers
Which of the following is digested before being absorbed?

Minerals
Protein
Vitamins
Water
Collectively, the microvilli are referred as the brush border.
Tru
e
False
The gastric pits produce each of the following EXCEPT

an inactive form of pepsin.
hydrochloric acid.
mucus.
salivary amylase.
Glucose can be used to make fatty acids.
Tru
e
False
The nutritional composition of a meal affects how long it stays in the stomach.

Tru
e
False
All of the following are examples of lipids except
cholesterol.
saturated fat.
sugars.
unsaturated
fat.

Which of the following statements regarding phytochemicals is true?
They are essential for life.
They are always harmful to our
health.
They are found in plant
foods.
They contribute to the calories that we eat in our
diet.
Healthy eating requires you to give up your favorite low nutrient-dense foods.
Tru
e
False
Which of the following is associated with overnutrition?

Anemia
Failure to thrive
Obesity and Type 2 diabetes
Osteoporosis
All six classes of nutrients play important roles in regulating body processes.
Tru
e
False
Chronic overconsumption of kcalories and certain nutrients from foods can cause health problems.
Tru
e

False
With the exception of _______, all the classes of nutrients are involved in forming and maintaining the
body’s structure.
carbohydrates
lipids
minerals
vitamins
Minerals are organic molecules that are needed in small amounts to maintain health.
Tru
e
False

The Dietary Reference Intakes are only concerned with the correction of nutrient deficiencies.
Tru
e
False
MyPlate:
divides foods into 4 groups.
illustrates the appropriate proportions of food.
replaces the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
All of these are characteristic of MyPlate.

All of the following are characteristics of the Dietary Reference Intakes EXCEPT:
the standards are designed to prevent nutrient deficiency.
the standards are designed to reduce the risk of chronic
disease.
there are two sets of standards, one for healthy people and one for when someone is
sick.
they can be used to determine if a person's diet provides adequate amounts of the essential
nutrients.
If you ate the entire box, how many calories from fat would you have consumed?

110
220
250
500

A limitation of the information obtained from population health and nutrition surveys is that the
information cannot be used if the nation is meeting health and nutrition goals.
Tru
e
False
Food labels are designed to help consumers make wise food choices at the point of purchase.
Tru
e
False
Bank, Question 29
Which of the following pieces of information is NOT required on the foods label?
Name of the
product

Total weight or volume of the
contents
Name, address and website of the manufacturer, distributor or
packager
Ingredients in descending order by weight
Beans and peas are good sources of the nutrients found in both vegetables and protein foods, so they
can be counted in either food group.
Tru
e
False
MyPlate emphasizes the importance of proportionality, moderation, and nutrient density, but not
variety.
Tru
e

False
The mass of chewed food that is swallowed is called
bicarbonate.
the bolus.
chyme.
pepsin.
Factors that influence transit time include all of the following EXCEPT the
composition of the meal.

emotional status of the individual.
use of certain medications.
all of these influence transit time.
The _____ system eliminates the majority of nitrogen-containing metabolic waste products.
circulatory
integumentary
respiratory
urinary
_____ is a circular muscle that acts as a valve, opening and closing to allow the gastric contents to
move throughout the GI tract.

Connective tissue
The
lumen
A sphincter
The rectum
Which of the following substances is not absorbed by the human body?
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Fiber
Sugars
Enzymes are substrate specific, meaning that lipases will only digest lipids.

Tru
e
False
Amylase is a hormone that digests carbohydrates.
Tru
e
False
As compared to when you are at rest between meals, when you have eaten a meal, a ____________
proportion of your blood goes to your digestive system.
smaller
the same

greater
Which of the following statements about fortified foods is false?
Fortification of foods began to help eliminate nutrient deficiencies in the population.
Milk with added vitamin D is an example of food fortification.
Voluntary food fortification may increase the likelihood of consuming an excess of
some nutrients.
Voluntary fortification of foods is at the discretion of the federal government
A slice of apple pie has the same nutrient density as eating a medium-size apple.
True
False
If you know you are going to order dessert at dinner tonight, which of these choices would
illustrate the concept of balancing your choices?
Choosing a salad with fat-free salad dressing for lunch
Eating a big lunch as you will ‘blow’ your diet tonight anyway
Skipping breakfast

All of these illustrate balance.
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are all organic compounds that provide energy to the
body.
True
False
Typically, less processed foods have lower nutrient density.
True
False
Which nutrient intake recommendation is used as a goal when a Recommended Dietary
Allowance does not exist?
Adequate Intake
Estimated Average Requirement
Estimated Energy Requirement
Tolerable Upper Intake Level

For a dietary supplement to claim “high potency,” it must contain ____ percent of the Daily
Value for the given nutrient based on the stated serving size.
20
50
100
125
To decrease your chance of getting a food-borne illness, you should:
cut your fresh produce and raw meat on the same cutting board to limit waste.
eat your fresh fruits and vegetables without washing them first to preserve the
nutritional value.
order your steaks rare to medium-well in doneness.
wash your hands frequently.
Which of the following is promoted by the Mediterranean Eating Pattern?
Eating poultry and eggs daily.
Consuming full-fat dairy products frequently.
Eating red meat and sweets less often.
Limiting consumption of nuts and seeds.

The intestinal microflora synthesize small amounts of vitamin D.
True
False
In regard to blood circulation, if you begin with oxygen-poor blood that reaches the heart
from the body and is pumped through arteries to capillaries of the lungs, then determine
the order for the following:
1. In capillaries of the body, nutrients and oxygen move from the blood to body tissues.
2. Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart from the lungs by veins.
3. In capillaries of the lungs, oxygen from inhaled air is picked up by the blood and carbon
dioxide is released into the lungs and exhaled.
4. Oxygen-rich blood is pumped out of the heart into arteries leading to the body.
1 → 3 → 4 → 2
4 → 2 → 1 → 3
3 → 2 → 4 → 1
2 → 3 → 1 → 4
The slow movement of food stuff through the _____ favors the growth of microflora.

large intestine
pancrea
s
small intestine
stomach
The first location of chemical and mechanical digestion is the stomach.
True
False
Nutrients are used for energy or to synthesize substances in the body after they are
absorbed.
True
False

Discussion Group your experiences with taking this week's diagnostic.
following topics:
your class.
Discussion Group your experiences with completing the Week 2 Create-a-Plate
activities:
• Create-a-Plate: Create a Dinner High in Whole Grains and Fiber
• Create-a-Plate: Create a Breakfast Low in Saturated Fat and Cholesterol
• Create-a-Plate: Create a High-Protein Snack
• Create-a-Plate: Create a Vegetarian Dinner with Complementary Protein
following topics:
• What is one benefit of eating a dinner high in whole grains? What can you do to
ensure you are eating enough whole grains for dinner?
• Why is it important to avoid saturated fat and cholesterol? What can you do to
minimize your saturated fat and cholesterol intake?
• What is one benefit of eating a high-fiber snack? What can you do to ensure you
are eating enough protein?
• What advice would you give to someone who wants to become vegetarian but is
not getting enough protein in their diet?
In this graded assignment, you will be assessed on the content covered in this week's
readings, activities, and assignments. To help you prepare, it is recommended you first
complete this week's Learning Path and Self-Test Learning Activities prior to completing
this exam.

Complete the Week 2 Exam covering this week's assigned readings:
• Ch. 4, Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibers
• Ch. 5, Lipids, Fats, Phospholipids, and Sterols
• Ch. 6, Proteins and Amino Acids
Note: Upon completing the Weekly Exam within WileyPLUS, know that the "To Do"
Carousel on the Class Home will not update. The "To Do" Carousel will mark graded
these assignments as complete as soon as the faculty member transfers the grade from
the WileyPLUS system, into the University of Phoenix gradebook.
Question 4
Your answer is correct.
Glucagon:
stimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen.
promotes the synthesis of glucose.
raises blood glucose levels.
all of these choices
Question 5
The sports drink G2 has 17 grams of carbohydrate in a 20 ounce bottle. How many calories
does this provide from carbohydrate?

18 calories
38 calories
68 calories
128 calories
Question 10
Which of the following statements about micelles is true?
They break the bonds that hold fatty acids to glycerol.
They help facilitate the absorption of lipids in the small intestine.
They help transport lipids in the bloodstream.
They are essential in the diet.
They are transformed into chylomicrons in the blood.
Question 13
All of the following foods contain cholesterol except:

boiled egg
hamburger cooked on the grill
avocado
salmon
Question 16
Elise is trying to manage her blood cholesterol, so she wants to purchase some crackers
that do not have saturated fat in them. Which oil, if it appears in the ingredient list should
she avoid?
canola oil
coconut oil
olive oil
soybean oil
Question 17
To maintain a healthy body weight, Shaundra needs to eat 1850 calories per day. To be
within the DRIs recommendations for total fat intake, which of the following amounts of

total fat should be her upper limit
21 grams
31 grams
45 grams
72 grams
Question 20
The role of hydrochloric acid in protein digestion is to
break down polypeptide chains.
denature the protein.
slow peristalsis.
stimulate production of digestive enzyme in pancreas.
Question 22
When your diet is high in iron, the gene that codes for the protein ferritin, which stores
iron, is turned on. This scenario best describes which of the following processes?

energy production
gene expression
mineral synthesis
transamination
Question 23
The amino acid pool is comprised of the
only molecules that have been broken down from body proteins
protein molecules only consumed in the diet
protein molecules only consumed in the diet and from the breakdown of body
glycogen
protein molecules consumed in the diet and from the breakdown of body proteins

Which of the following conclusions can be accurately drawn from the results depicted in this visual?
Following a high-fiber diet increases transit time.
Following a low-fiber diet decreases transit time.
Following a low-fiber diet adds weight to the weight.
Stool weights are greater and transit times are shorter for Ugandan villagers.
_____fiber lowers blood cholesterol levels.

Insoluble
Indigestible
Refined
Soluble
Line B shows the glycemic response after eating potatoes. Which of the following foods is most likely
to cause a glycemic response similar to that shown in line B?
Dinner roll
Peanut butter

Egg
Cheddar cheese
Pre-Lecture, Question 19
Positive nitrogen balance:
occurs when more nitrogen is excreted than consumed
indicates that the body is losing weight
occurs when the body is
growing
does not exist since nitrogen intake always equals nitrogen output
A high fiber diet may help:
normalize blood glucose levels.
reduce the incidence of
hemorrhoids.

with weight loss.
all of these choices
All of the following statements are true about the typical US diet and carbohydrate recommendations
EXCEPT:
Adults typically eat the recommended amount of fiber.
Most adults meet the recommendations for the amount of carbohydrate they should have each
day.
Most of the carbohydrate in the diet comes from refined carbohydrate sources.
The diet is higher in added sugar than is recommended.
Fatty acids cannot be used to make glucose because:
they are metabolized only by anaerobic processes.
they do not have enough energy in their molecular structure to generate glucose molecules.

the reactions that break them down produce two-carbon
molecules.
the products of their metabolism combine too quickly to form other compounds that the body
uses for energy.
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is FALSE?
Glucose is the main component of starch and glycogen.
Glucose is also called blood sugar.
Glucose is the most common disaccharide in our diet.
Glucose is the most important carbohydrate fuel for the human body.
Which two lipoproteins deliver triglycerides to body cells?
Chylomicrons & VLDL
HDL & LDL

LDL &
VLDL
VLDL & HDL
Which of the following is not a tropical oil?
Coconut oil
Palm kernel oil
Palm oil
Safflower oil
The majority of _______ is located in cell membranes, but is also a part of myelin, the insulating
coating on nerve cells.
cholesterol

omega-3 fatty acids
phospholipids
triglycerides
________, when consumed in the diet, can help reduce blood cholesterol levels.
Animal fat
Calcium
Plant sterols
Vitamin D
________ splits fatty acids into two-carbon units that form acetyl-CoA and releases high-energy
electrons.
Anaerobic metabolism

Beta-oxidation
Lipoprotein lipase
The citric acid cycle
_________ is an important component of cell membranes, forming a lipid bilayer by orienting the
water-soluble portion towards the water environment.
Cholesterol
Phospholipid
Saturated fatty acid
Triglyceride
Research indicates that the initiation of atherosclerosis may be related to all of the following except:

elevated blood levels of glucose
infection
low blood pressure
smoking
If the percentage of calories from fat has declined since 1971, why are so many Americans overweight
or obese?
Consumption of hidden fats has decreased.
Consumption of whole grains has increased.
People still aren’t drinking skim milk.
Total calorie consumption has increase.

Which lipoprotein contains the highest proportion of protein?
Chylomicron
HDL
LDL
VLDL
The three-dimensional shape of a protein is impacted by all of the following EXCEPT the
chemical properties of the amino acids.
folding of the polypeptide.
number of essential amino
acids.
order of the amino acids.

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of steps that occur in protein synthesis?
translation → transcription → mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes
mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes → translation → transcription
transcription → mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes → translation
mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes → transcription → translation
Which of the following is the most likely responsible for the health-promoting effects (reduced
incidence of obesity, high blood pressure, and some types of cancer) of vegetarian diets?
High intake of fiber
High intake of tofu
Low intake of sodium
The total dietary
pattern

Amino acids are used to make all of the following EXCEPT
creatine.
histamine.
melanin.
Vitamin D.
If the diet is deficient in one or more of the _____amino acids, the body must break down existing
proteins to provide the amino acids.
nonessential
essential
dispensable
dipeptide

As validated by evidence-based research, the major health concern with high-protein diets is
dehydration.
kidney stone
formation.
urinary calcium excretion.
a high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol.
Which of the following is NOT a common food allergen?
Chicken
Eggs
Low-fat milk
Wheat germ

Review where digestive processes of protein occur. Select the letter that indicates where mechanical
breakdown of protein occurs.
A
B
C
D

All of the following statements are true about the typical US diet and carbohydrate recommendations
EXCEPT:
Adults typically eat the recommended amount of fiber.
Most adults meet the recommendations for the amount of carbohydrate they should have each
day.
Most of the carbohydrate in the diet comes from refined carbohydrate sources.
The diet is higher in added sugar than is recommended.
When there is not sufficient carbohydrate to completely metabolize fatty acids, these molecules form:
amino acids.
carbon dioxide.
ketones.
oligosaccharides.

Which of the following is a major dietary source of soluble fiber?
Beans
Broccoli
Maltose
Wheat bran
Pre-Lecture, Question 19
Positive nitrogen balance:
occurs when more nitrogen is excreted than consumed
indicates that the body is losing weight
occurs when the body is
growing
does not exist since nitrogen intake always equals nitrogen output
Which type of complex carbohydrates are depicted in the visual?

Insoluble fiber
Starch
Soluble fiber
Starch and Soluble fiber

Which of the following statements regarding the incidence of lactose intolerance is correct?
Native Alaskans have the lowest incidence of lactose intolerance.
This map illustrates the dramatic variation in the incidence of lactose intolerance worldwide.
Different races and ethnicities have varying rates of incidence of lactose intolerance.
Those living in South America have the lower incidence of lactose intolerance than those living
in southern Africa.
Your friend Jason has diabetes and developed hypoglycemia. Of the following situations, which is the
most likely reason why he developed hypoglycemia?
He ate too much refined carbohydrate.
He drank too much water.

He took too much of his medication that is used to control his blood sugar.
It was probably warm outside and he sweat excessively.
_____fiber lowers blood cholesterol levels.
Insoluble
Indigestible
Refined
Soluble
Which two lipoproteins deliver triglycerides to body cells?
Chylomicrons & VLDL
HDL & LDL
LDL &
VLDL

VLDL & HDL
One egg contains __ % of the daily recommendation for cholesterol intake.
20
200
67
50
Which of the following foods is lowest in saturated fat?
Whole milk
Bacon
Cheddar cheese
Eggs

The remains of chylomicrons:
are converted into glycerol
bind to an LDL
receptor
consist mostly of free fatty acids
travel to the liver to be disassembled
The lipid that makes up most of the lipids in our body is:
cholesterol
lecithin
phospholipid
triglyceride

Which of the following is not a tropical oil?
Coconut oil
Palm kernel oil
Palm oil
Safflower oil
After long-chain fatty acids have been absorbed into the mucosal cells, they are re-assembled into:
cholesterol
fat-soluble vitamins
micelles
triglycerides
When weight is gained, how does it affect the tissue cells that are illustrated in this micrograph?

Photo credits: (left) Karen Kasmauski/NG Image Collection, (right) Ed Reschke/Peter Arnold, Inc.
The triglyceride droplets enlarge in size.
The triglyceride droplets increase in number.
The triglyceride droplets remain unchanged.
The triglyceride droplets shrink in size.
Since chylomicrons are too large to enter the capillaries in the small intestine, they pass into the:
gallbladder
large intestine
lymph
stomac
h

Which of the following is NOT a common food allergen?
Chicken
Eggs
Low-fat milk
Wheat germ
Which of the following is the most likely responsible for the health-promoting effects (reduced
incidence of obesity, high blood pressure, and some types of cancer) of vegetarian diets?
High intake of fiber
High intake of tofu
Low intake of sodium
The total dietary
pattern

Marasmus is a form of malnutrition that negatively impacts which of the following developing organs
the worst?
The brain
The liver
The kidneys
The teeth
_________ , an enzyme, is produced in the stomach and breaks some of the peptide bonds in
polypeptide chains.
Amylase
Denaturase
Dipeptidase
Pepsin

Why is protein-energy malnutrition more common in children than adults?
The child’s stomach cannot digest protein from the diet.
Adults eat protein sources from the diet that have a higher absorption rate.
Because children are growing, their protein needs per unit body weight are higher.
Children do not eat enough total calories so that protein must be used as an energy
source.
The three-dimensional shape of a protein is impacted by all of the following EXCEPT the
chemical properties of the amino acids.
folding of the polypeptide.
number of essential amino
acids.
order of the amino acids.
Review where digestive processes of protein occur. Select the letter that indicates where protein-
digesting enzymes are released from this organ, which aids brush border enzymes to breakdown

protein.
A
B
C
D
If the diet is deficient in one or more of the _____amino acids, the body must break down existing
proteins to provide the amino acids.

nonessential
essential
dispensable
dipeptide
Which of the following represents a monosaccharide:disaccharide:complex carbohydrate?
fructose:galactose:soluble fiber
glucose:maltose:lactose
glucose:sucrose:insoluble fiber
sucrose:lactose:galactose
Starch and dietary fiber are classified as:
complex carbohydrates.
monosaccharides.
refined sugars.
simple sugars.

_____ cannot be digested by human digestive enzymes.
Fiber
Glycogen
Maltose
Starch
Most starch digestion and breakdown of disaccharides occurs in which section of the GI
tract?
A

B
C
D
In regard to the development of atherosclerosis, which of the following represent the
correct sequence of events?
Macrophages form ―> secreted chemicals promote an inflammatory process ―>
LDLs migrate to artery wall
Secreted chemicals promote an inflammatory process ―> macrophages form ―>
LDLs migrate to artery wall
Macrophages form ―> LDLs migrate to artery wall ―> secreted chemicals promote
an inflammatory process
LDLs migrate to artery wall ―> macrophages form ―> secreted chemicals promote
an inflammatory process
Lipoprotein lipase breaks down the triglycerides in chylomicrons into:
amino acids
cholesterol and fatty acids
glucose

glycerol
fatty acids and glycerol
Based on the information presented in the graph, which food is highest in polyunsaturated
fatty acid?

Coconut oil
Olive oil
Salmon
Sunflower oil
Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include:
coconut oil
corn oil
palm oil
plant sterols
Which of the following is not a function of lipids in the body?
Absorption of water-soluble vitamins
Insulation from changes in temperature
Source of energy
Structural component of cell membranes

Based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice
for lunch from the fruit group?
Apple fritter
Fried banana fruit kebab
Cherry pie with low-fat vanilla ice cream
Avocado slices, olive oil, and balsamic vinegar
HDLs:
contain a high proportion of cholesterol.
function similarly to chylomicrons, transports lipids away from the liver.
return cholesterol from other lipoproteins and body cells to the liver.
are formed in the mucosal cell.
Which lipoprotein has the highest proportion of triglyceride?
Chylomicron
HDL
LDL

VLDL
Kyle had a brother who exhibited heart disease at age 62 and a sister who exhibited heart
disease at age 64. Based on the age at which his brother and his sister exhibited heart
disease, is Kyle considered to have a family history of heart disease?
Yes, based on the age of his brother only
Yes, based on the age of his sister only
Yes, based on the ages of both his sister and brother
No, based on the ages of both his sister and brother
Someone whose nitrogen output is greater than their nitrogen intake is said to be in
nitrogen balance
positive nitrogen balance
negative nitrogen balance
There is insufficient information provided to determine the status.
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of kwashiorkor?
Decreases in intelligence and learning ability

Energy deficiency
Muscle wasting
Swollen belly
Which of the following scenarios is a possibility if an amino acid supplement overwhelms
the amino acid transport system?
The amino acids from the supplement will use an alternate transport system.
The amino acids from the supplement will be eliminated from the body.
The amino acids from the supplement will compete with each other, increasing
absorption of other amino acids.
The amino acids from the supplement will compete with each other, slowing
absorption of other amino acids.
In general, plant sources of protein provide _____absorbable forms of iron, zinc, and
calcium as compared to animal protein sources.
less
equally
more

As validated by evidence-based research, the major health concern with high-protein diets
is
dehydration.
kidney stone formation.
urinary calcium excretion.
a high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol.
In this discussion assignment, discuss with the other members of your assigned
Discussion Group your experiences taking this week's diagnostic.
following topics:
• Find a resource about the topics that require more study and share with the
class.
Group your experiences with completing the Week 3 Create-a-Plate activities:
• Create-a-Plate: Create a Lunch Rich in Vitamin D
• Create-a-Plate: Create a Breakfast Rich in Potassium
• Create-a-Plate: Create a Lunch Rich in Calcium
following topics:

• What is one benefit of eating a lunch rich in Vitamin D? What can you do to
ensure you are getting the daily recommended intake of Vitamin D?
• Why is potassium intake an important component of a healthy diet? What can
you do to ensure you are getting the daily recommended intake of potassium?
• What advice would you give to someone who wants to address their calcium
deficiency but is lactose intolerant?
In this graded assignment, you are assessed on the content covered in this weeks' readings,
activities, and assignments. To help you prepare, it is recommended that you first complete this
week's Learning Path and Self-Test Learning Activities prior to completing this exam.
• Ch. 7: Vitamins
• Ch. 8: Water and Minerals
Note. Work submitted in WileyPLUS does not count toward attendance. Be sure to post at least
two times each week in the online classrom to avoid being auto-dropped from the course.
Question 3
It is recommended that older adults get their vitamin B12 from fortified foods and
supplements because
they typically eat a poor diet.
they have higher vitamin B12 losses than other groups.

their requirement for B12 is higher than that of younger people.
many have atrophic gastritis and are not able
to absorb the vitamin B12 found in foods.
Question 6
The Intrinsic Factor is necessary for the
absorption of which B vitamin?
Folate
Niacin
Riboflavin
Vitamin B12
Question 9
Which of the following statements regarding vitamin B12 is false?

Vitamin B12 is synthesized by the microflora in the large intestine.
Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the duodenum section of the small intestine.
Vitamin B12 needs the Intrinsic Factor to be absorbed.
The body stores and reuses vitamin B12 more efficiently than it does most other
water-soluble vitamins.
Question 10
Dietary supplements have regulations that are _____strict as compared to drugs.
Les
s
Equally
More
Question 19

If antidiuretic hormone levels decrease, you would expect that
less water is excreted in the urine.
more water is excreted in the urine.
no change in amount of water excreted in the urine.
Question 21
When chromium is deficient, _______insulin is required to produce the same effect on
blood sugar as when someone has adequate chromium status.
more
the same amount of
less

When Vitamin C intake is below 10 mg per day, the symptoms of _______ begin to appear.
beriberi
pellagra
rickets
scurvy
Based on the content in this visual, identify each of the three labeled parts in A:B:C order.

cysteine: homocysteine: methionine
homocysteine: cysteine: methionine
methionine: homocysteine: cysteine
methionine: cysteine: homocysteine

All of the following MyPlate food groups are good sources of folate except for the _____ group.
Dairy
Fruits
Grains
Vegetables
Vitamin D deficiency disease in children is called
osteopenia.
osteoporosis.
osteomalacia.
rickets.

Vitamin E protects membranes in red blood cells, white blood cells, nerve cells, and lung cells. Why
are these cells in particular in need of high amounts of vitamin E?
All of these cells are important in fighting infections
Oxygen concentrations in these cells are high
These cells have an especially high energy need
Lipid concentrations in these cells are high
Which of the following vitamins must be included on the food label?
Niacin and thiamin
Riboflavin and iron

Vitamins A and C
Vitamins A and
D
The process whereby immature cells change in structure and function to become specialized is called
cell differentiation.
gene expression.
night blindness.
rhodopsin.
Which of the following is/are antioxidants?

Vitamin C.
Vitamin E.
Selenium.
All of these nutrients serve as antioxidants.
Brian’s need for a vitamin is 100 milligrams each day. The bioavailability of this vitamin is 35%. This
means that Brian needs to consume _____ milligrams each day for this vitamin to meet his needs.
65
100
135
290

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pellagra?
dementia
dermatitis
diabetes
diarrhe
a
This visual represents a toxicity of ______ leading the toxicity disease _______.

Photo credit: A Mazzone and A. Dal Canton, The New England Journal of Medicine, 2002; 347-222-223
beta-carotene, hypercarotenemia
niacin, pellagra
vitamin A, xerophthalmia
vitamin D, rickets
Which of the following are good sources of niacin?

chicken and
trout
kiwi and apples
corn and
oatmeal
orange juice and spinach
Niacin is synthesized in the body from the amino acid
alanine.
leucine.
riboflavin.
tryptophan.

Because selenium is part of the enzyme glutathione-peroxidase, it _____ the body’s need for vitamin
E.
increases
has no effect
on
decreases
_____ enhances the bioavailability of non-heme iron.
Calcium
Niacin
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

In regard to the kidneys’ role in regulating water balance in the body, the term reabsorption means
the amount of the substance that is:
absorbed back in to the blood after being filtered.
excreted in the urine.
filtered into the urine.
secreted from the kidneys into lymph for absorption by the liver.
When blood calcium levels are low, parathyroid hormone will
increase.
not
change.

decrease
.
Based on this visual, which of the following statements is false?
Fruits are poor sources of calcium.
Grains are good sources of
calcium.

Tofu is higher in calcium than sunflower
seeds.
Yogurt is higher in calcium than 1% milk and cheddar cheese.
Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?
Assistance in the regulation of body temperature
Protection and lubrication of joints
Regulation of blood glucose
Transportation of water-soluble nutrients
Adam has just returned from his long run of 6 miles in which he forgot his water bottle. Which of the
following processes is most likely happening in Adam’s body?

The pituitary gland is signaling the liver to conserve energy.
The antidiuretic hormone is signaling the kidneys to reabsorb water, thus increasing the amount
of water lost in the urine.
The antidiuretic hormone is signaling the kidneys to reabsorb water, thus decreasing the
amount of water lost in the urine.
His thirst mechanism has become impaired.
Which deficiency disease would be common in the areas with selenium-deficient soils?
Cretinism
Hemochromatosis
Keshan
disease
Pellagra

Dried fruits are good sources of which of the following minerals?
Calcium and zinc
Fructose and
iron
Iron and
potassium
Potassium and zinc
All of the following minerals are needed for the functioning of antioxidant enzymes EXCEPT for
copper
phosphorus
sulfur

zinc
Which list below best reflects the minerals that aid transmission of nerve impulses and provide for
optimal muscle contraction?
Calcium, sodium, iron, and magnesium
Iron, copper, selenium, and
magnesium
Sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride
Sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium
Which of the following does not inhibit the absorption of calcium?

Oxalates
Phytates
Tannin
s
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12 deficiency is particularly problematic because
it causes irreversible brain damage.
it causes microcytic anemia.
it prevents folate from being converted to one of its active
forms.
its UL is set too high.

Which of the following statements regarding vitamin A is FALSE?
Protein and zinc status are important for healthy vitamin A status.
Beta-carotene is the most potent vitamin A precursor.
Pepsin is necessary to release the vitamin A from protein-based
sources.
Worldwide, vitamin A deficiency is rare.
The amount of a particular vitamin in a food depends on all of the following EXCEPT
how much of the food is
consumed.
how the food is cooked.
how the food is stored.
what is added to the food during processing.

All of the following MyPlate food groups are good sources of folate except for the _____ group.
Dairy
Fruits
Grains
Vegetables
Women of childbearing age should consume _____ daily from fortified foods or supplements.
Folic acid
Vitamin D
Iro
n

Calcium
Niacin is synthesized in the body from the amino acid
alanine.
leucine.
riboflavin.
tryptophan.
A family member has been taking Vitamin C supplements, but is now wondering if he should continue
to spend money on these supplements. What have you learned about Vitamin C that might help them
with an evidence-based decision?
Excessive supplementation can cause dementia.

Vitamin C is known to prevent the common
cold.
Excessive supplementation can interfere with drugs prescribed to prevent blood clotting.
Excessive supplementation can cause diarrhea and can interfere with drugs prescribed to slow
blood clotting.
The active ______ coenzyme is needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.
folate
niacin

riboflavin
thiamin
Based on the content in this visual, identify each of the three labeled parts in A:B:C order.
cysteine: homocysteine: methionine

homocysteine: cysteine: methionine
methionine: homocysteine: cysteine
methionine: cysteine: homocysteine
Mary needs to increase her thiamin consumption. Which of the following contains the most thiamin?
¼ c sunflower
seeds
3 oz pork
chop
3 oz rainbow
trout
1 c oatmeal
Which of the following statements is true of vitamin E?

Supplements increase fertility even in people with adequate vitamin E status.
It is needed in energy metabolism.
Severe deficiency is a common problem in North America.
It is needed for night vision.
It protects cell membranes from oxidative
damage.
The symptoms of vitamin C deficiency include gums that swell and bleed. Why does this occur?
The lack of vitamin C allows bacteria in the mouth to irritate the
gums.
The lack of vitamin C decreases the pH of the
mouth.
There is reduced collagen synthesis.
There is increased plaque formation around the
gums.

Which of the following is/are antioxidants?
Vitamin C.
Vitamin E.
Selenium.
All of these nutrients serve as antioxidants.
Phytic acid, tannins, and oxalates _____the absorption of many minerals.
decrease
increase
have no effect
on

Adam has just returned from his long run of 6 miles in which he forgot his water bottle. Which of the
following processes is most likely happening in Adam’s body?
The pituitary gland is signaling the liver to conserve energy.
The antidiuretic hormone is signaling the kidneys to reabsorb water, thus increasing the amount
of water lost in the urine.
The antidiuretic hormone is signaling the kidneys to reabsorb water, thus decreasing the
amount of water lost in the urine.
His thirst mechanism has become impaired.
When blood calcium levels are low, parathyroid hormone will
increase.
not
change.
decrease
.

Which of the following minerals stabilizes ATP’s structure?
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Zinc
Which of the following minerals have a role in blood pressure regulation?
calcium and magnesium
calcium and phosphorus
phosphorus and
magnesium

potassium and zinc
All of the following minerals are needed for the functioning of antioxidant enzymes EXCEPT for
copper
phosphorus
sulfur
zinc
Stem: Which of the following statements about iron is true?
Iron and calcium supplements should be taken together.
Heme iron is better absorbed than nonheme
iron.
Vitamin C inhibits iron absorption.

Tomatoes are a good source of heme
iron.
When iron levels are high, more iron is eliminated from the body in the urine.
The protein molecule that is found in red blood cells that transports oxygen to body cells is called
hapocorrin.
hemoglobin.
myoglobin.
transferrin.
Which deficiency disease would be common in the areas with selenium-deficient soils?
Cretinism

Hemochromatosis
Keshan
disease
Pellagra
What occurs when a cofactor binds to an enzyme?
The enzyme is activated.
The enzyme is no longer able to function.
Minerals can more easily bind to the
enzyme.
The enzyme can cross the cell membrane for
transport.
Because selenium is part of the enzyme glutathione-peroxidase, it _____ the body’s need for vitamin
E.

increases
has no effect
on
decreases
Cells that are deficient in vitamin A become hard and dry because they produce _______,
a protein.
retinal
opsin
keratin
xerophthin
Which of the following statements regarding thiamin is true?
Alcoholics are particularly susceptible to thiamin deficiency because thiamin
absorption is decreased due to the effect the alcohol has the GI tract.

Beriberi is quite common in the U.S.
Increasing thiamin intake increases the body’s ability to produce ATP.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a thiamin toxicity.
Folate coenzymes are needed for the
synthesis of collagen.
synthesis of RNA.
metabolism of some vitamins.
synthesis of DNA and metabolism of some amino acids.
Which of the following populations is not at increased risk of folate deficiency?
The elderly
Non-smoking teenage males
Pregnant women
Alcoholics

A friend of yours shows you this Supplement Facts panel from a supplement marketed to
reduce appetite and therefore promote weight loss. Which of the following statements is
NOT one that you should share with your friend regarding the efficacy of this supplement?
This product isn’t recommended as it contains more than 100% of the DV for vitamin
B6 and panthothenic acid.
I don’t recommend you use the product as it contains a number of ingredients that
are not vitamins and minerals and therefore have no Daily Value or UL amounts.
The FDA monitors the label, so it should be safe to take.
I don’t recommend you take it because losing weight is all about lessening the
number of kcalories you eat while increasing the number kcalories you burn.

Bernhard is a football player on your university football team and he is eating high
amounts of protein. Considering his high protein intake, how should he adjust his water
intake and why?
He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the kidneys excrete the protein
waste products.
He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the heart pump the protein more
efficiently to the muscles.
He needs to decrease his daily water intake so that a more concentrated source of
protein gets to the muscles.
He needs to decrease his daily water intake so that the intestine more efficiently
absorbs the protein that enters the intestinal tract.
Which of the following is not a function of magnesium?
Assists with regulation of fluid balance
Keeps blood balanced
Maintains the health of bones
Generates energy for exercise
Excess body weight is associated with _____risk of osteoporosis development.

increased
reduced
no (there is no relationship between body weight and osteoporosis development)
Which of the following does NOT increase a person’s need for water?
Following a high-fiber diet
Following a low-sodium diet
Following a high-protein diet
Competing in a local 5K run
Magnesium absorption is enhanced by the presence of
active vitamin D
calcium
iron
phytates

In this discussion assignment, you will discuss with the other members of your assigned
Discussion Group your experiences taking this week's Build Your Proficiency Diagnostic.
following topics:
• Find a resource about the topics that require more study and share with the
class.
• Create-a-Plate: Create a Low-Calorie Lunch
• Create-a-Plate: Create a High-Iron Dinner
following topics:
• What advice would you give to someone who wants to lose weight by reducing
their caloric intake but isn't sure where to start?
• Why is iron intake an important component of a healthy diet? What can you do to
ensure you are getting the daily recommended intake of iron?
In this graded assignment, you are assessed on the content covered in this
weeks' readings, activities, and assignments. To help you prepare, it is

recommended that you first complete this week's Learning Path and Self-Test
Learning Activities prior to completing this exam.
• Ch. 9: Energy Balance and Weight Management
• Ch. 10: Nutrition, Fitness, and Physical Activity
Note. Work submitted in WileyPLUS does not count toward attendance. Be sure
to post at least two times each week in the online classrom to avoid being auto-
dropped from the course.
Question 5
Which of these pictures likely demonstrates the person with more visceral versus
subcutaneous fat?
Photo credits: (left) Annie Griffiths Belt/©Corbis, (right) Tom McHugh/Photo Researchers,
Inc.

Picture A
Picture B
Question 6
According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, for those who need to lose weight
or have lost weight and want to keep it off, _____ minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic
activity per week is recommended.
45
90
125
150
Question 8
Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Mary, a sedentary college student, must plan her food intake carefully, so it doesn’t
exceed energy expenditure.
Tim, a long-distance runner, can burn more calories for physical activity than for
basal metabolism.
Joe, who has a high fat diet, will burn more calories to process his food than Deb
who follows a lower fat diet.
All of these statements are true.
Question 9
Based on these two maps representing the percentage of obese adults, which of the
following statements is FALSE?

Obesity throughout the United States is rising.
The southern states tend to have the lowest percentage of obese adults.
There has been a substantial increase in the number of obese adults in the majority
of the states.
In 1990, several states didn’t track obesity rates among adults.

Question 14
Which of the following is the best example to illustrate the overload principle?
Briskly walking for 20 minutes every other day this week, increasing the intensity of
walking the next week
Eating a dessert, then 2 hours later swimming 30 minutes
Exercising in the evening instead of in the morning
Riding a stationary bike for 20 minutes, then immediately running 20 minutes
Question 15
Endorphins
increase basal metabolic rate.
increase muscle mass.
reduce appetite.

reduce carbohydrate
cravings.
Question 16
As fitness improves, an exerciser must perform more intense activity to raise his heart
rate.
True
False
Question 22
Aerobic training _____the size and _____ the number of mitochondria in cells.
decreases,
decreases
decreases, increases

increases, decreases
increases, increases
Noelle is an 18 year old female. She is 5 feet 5 inches tall (1.65 m), weighs 130 pounds (59.1 kg),
and her physical activity value is 1.31. What is her estimated energy requirement?
1798 calories/day
2399 calories/day
2459 calories/day
3300 calories/day
Which of the following characteristics regarding energy balance is FALSE?

The more food that is put in front of people, the more they
eat.
The location and proximity of fast-food or quick-service restaurants has no effect on the BMI of
individuals who live in those communities.
Pre-packaged, convenience type foods are typically higher in fat and kcalories than foods
prepared at home.
________ limits the amount of food that can be consumed.
Adjustable gastric banding
Alli
Gastric bypass
Liposuction
Which of the following methods of weight-loss surgery would you expect would NOT receive medical
reimbursement?

Gastric bypass
Liposuction
Medical reimbursement is common for all of these surgeries
Which of the following does NOT factor into calculating an individual’s EER?
activity level
age
ethnicity
gender

Based on their distribution of body fat, which of the persons is at increased risk for type 2 diabetes?
Photo credits: (left) Annie Griffiths Belt/©Corbis, (right) Tom McHugh/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Picture A
Picture B
Which of the following would have an increased BMR?
Tim, who is recovering from
surgery
Mary, who is pregnant with twins

Sally, who is 8 years old and is an avid
swimmer
All of these would have increased basal metabolic rates
Christy is overweight and interested in losing ¾ pound of weight each week. Christy will need to have
a _____calorie per day deficit in her energy balance for this to occur.
200
375
500
625
The desire to consume specific foods is called
appetite.

boredom.
hunger.
satiety.
Which of the following individuals would best meet the criteria for bariatric surgery?
Julia, a 52 year old woman with a BMI of 42 and high blood
pressure
Mark, an 80 year old man with a BMI of 20 with congestive heart
failure
Nancy, a 14 year old girl with Type 2 diabetes and a BMI of
34
Stan, a 35 year old alcoholic with hypertension and lactose
intolerance
Which of the following is characteristic of a healthy weight loss diet?

Eating fewer than 1200 calories daily.
Losing 5 lbs a week.
Promoting physical activity.
Limiting milk and other animal products.
_____ measures an electric current traveling through the body and is used to determine body
composition.
Air displacement
Bioelectrical impedance
Dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry
Underwater
weighing

The amount of ATP produced by anaerobic versus aerobic metabolism depends on the:
amount of glycogen this is stored in the body.
availability of oxygen.
availability of amino acids.
pH of the blood.
Based on the information in this visual, where can your muscles get glucose to fuel activity?

Dietary
carbohydrates
Liver glycogen
Muscle glycogen
All of these are sources of glucose
As compared to medium intensity activity, such as running for 45 minutes, amino acids are used at a
_____ rate and glucose at a _____ rate for fuel during high intensity exercise, such as sprinting 100
yards.
higher, lower
higher, higher
lower, lower
lower, higher

Which of the following would be the best pre-exercise meal for a marathon runner?
Sausage and egg biscuit
1 blueberry pop
tart
1 cup corn flakes with skim milk and a
banana
½ cup of hash browns and 2 pieces of
bacon
Adam has been push mowing his yard on a very hot and humid day for almost 90 minutes now. He is
feeling faint and disoriented and is sweating profusely. When he checked his pulse, he noticed that it
was weak but rapid. Based on this scenario, Adam is most likely experiencing which of the following?
Heat cramps
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
Sports anemia

The best post-exercise foods for marathon runners contain
carbohydrates only.
protein only.
carbohydrate and
fat.
carbohydrate and protein.
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of a person’s fitness?
Body composition
Flexibility
Maximum heart rate

Strength
Maximum heart rate _____ with age.
decreases
increases
does not change (is not affected by
age)
As compared to medium intensity exercise, such as hiking, fatty acids are used at a_____ rate and
glucose at a _____ rate for fuel during rest.
higher, lower
higher, higher
lower, lower

lower, higher
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of a pre-exercise meal?
Maximize glycogen stores
Provide adequate hydration
Maximize fat stores
Minimize hunger and gastric distress
The source of fuel in the first few seconds of exercise is
stored glycogen.
glucose made by the liver.

fatty acids.
protein.
ATP and creatine
phosphate.
Exercise increases _____ production which can be counteracted by ____ in the body.
ATP, antioxidants
ATP, amino acids
free radical, antioxidants
free radical; fatty acids
When an athlete “hits the wall”, which fuel has been depleted?

Creatine
phosphate
Fat
Glycogen
Protein
In order to calculate a person's BMI, you need to know the person's
height and weight.
gender and body composition.
age and activity level.

lean body mass and waist circumference.
gender and weight.
_____ is the body mass attributed to non-fat body components, such as bone, muscle, and internal
organs.
Body mass
index
Fat
mass
Healthy weight mass
Lean body
mass
_____ measures an electric current traveling through the body and is used to determine body
composition.

Air displacement
Bioelectrical impedance
Dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry
Underwater
weighing
Which of the following characteristics regarding energy balance is FALSE?
The more food that is put in front of people, the more they
eat.
The location and proximity of fast-food or quick-service restaurants has no effect on the BMI of
individuals who live in those communities.
Pre-packaged, convenience type foods are typically higher in fat and kcalories than foods
prepared at home.
For most people, the majority of their total energy expenditure is from their

basal metabolism
energy intake
physical activity
thermic effect of
food
Which of the following is NOT a component of behavior modification?
Antecedents or cues that lead to a
behavior
The behavior itself
Consequences of behavior, such as weight gain or
anemia
Punishment for
overeating
Gary is a 25 year old male. He is 6 feet 1 inches tall (1.85 m), weighs 195 pounds (88.6 kg), and his

physical activity level is 1.48. Which of the following contributes the most to his estimated energy
expenditure?
Age
Weight
Height
In general, non-exercise activity thermogenesis varies _____ between adult individuals.
minimally
moderately
tremendously
not at all

Based on the information depicted in the visual, which of the following statements is FALSE?
When you consume too many grams of carbohydrate, the excess can be stored as
fat.
Fat is stored in adipose tissue.
Amino acids can be used for energy.
Excess protein in the diet will build larger muscles.

Which of the following is NOT a method of determining body composition?
Air displacement in the BOD POD
Bioelectric impedance
Body mass
index
Skinfold thickness measures
________ limits the amount of food that can be consumed.
Alli
Gastric bypass
Liposuction

Which of the following statements regarding weight loss drugs is FALSE?
Prescription, as well as over-the-counter weight loss drugs, are regulated by the
FDA
Some of these drugs work by affecting brain
neurotransmitters
Weight loss usually continues, even after you stop taking the drugs, as long has you have taken
the drugs for 8 weeks
Some of these drugs work by decreasing fat absorption in the
intestine
As compared to medium intensity exercise, such as hiking, fatty acids are used at a_____ rate and
glucose at a _____ rate for fuel during rest.
higher, lower
higher, higher
lower, lower
lower, higher

When an athlete “hits the wall”, which fuel has been depleted?
Creatine
phosphate
Fat
Glycogen
Protein
The source of fuel in the first few seconds of exercise is
glucose made by the liver.
fatty acids.
protein.

ATP and creatine
phosphate.
stored glycogen.
The predominate fuel used by muscle during a 10K race (~50 minutes) is
carbohydrate
.
creatine
phosphate.
fat.
protein.
Which of the following statements regarding physical activity is FALSE?
Adults should include strength training activities 4-5 times a week.

Approximately one-third of American adults get no physical activity at all during their leisure
time.
Greater health benefits can be obtained by exercising more vigorously or for a longer
time.
Most Americans do not exercise regularly.
Post-event meals should accomplish which of the following?
Replenish lost fluid and electrolytes
Replenish glycogen stores
Provide protein for building and repairing muscle tissue
All of these should be accomplished by a post-event meal
As compared to medium intensity activity, such as running for 45 minutes, amino acids are used at a
_____ rate and glucose at a _____ rate for fuel during high intensity exercise, such as sprinting 100
yards.

higher, lower
higher, higher
lower, lower
lower, higher
Which of the following occurs as a result of aerobic exercise training?
decrease in resting heart
rate
all of the choices are correct
greater glycogen storage
more muscle mitochondria
increase in the number of red blood
cells

Why is increasing the number of red blood cells an advantageous physiological change that occurs
with aerobic training?
It allows oxygen to be transported to tissues.
It increases creatine phosphate concentration in
muscles.
It allows more glycogen to be stored.
It prevents the breakdown of amino acids for
fuel.
Which of the following statements regarding carbohydrate loading is FALSE?
To carbohydrate load, one should consume 10-12 grams of carbohydrate/kg of body weight per
day.
Carbohydrate loading is most appropriate as part of training plan.
Carbohydrate loading is more appropriate for those competing in short-duration events.

Trained athletes who follow a carbohydrate-loading plan can double their muscle glycogen
content.
Which of the following statements regarding ATP production is FALSE?
Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen.
Carbohydrates, fats, and protein can be used to product
ATP.
Most ATP is produced in the mitochondria.
The majority of ATP is produced by anaerobic metabolism.
If you do not rest enough between exercise sessions, which of the following statements is correct?
Both fitness and performance will still improve.
Fitness, but not performance, will still improve.

Performance, but not fitness, will still improve.
Neither fitness nor performance will improve.
Having excess body fat increases a person’s risk of developing which of the following
diseases?
Arthritis
Gallbladder disease
Heart disease
The risk of all of these is increased with the presence of excess body fat
Which of the following common dieting methods would most likely promote long-term
weight loss?
Exchange lists
Liquid formulas
Low-carbohydrate diets
Low-fat diets

Deidre is 5 feet 4 inches tall and her weight is 135 pounds. Her BMI is closest to _____
kg/m2.
19
23
26
29
Weight lifting stresses the muscles, causing them to adapt by increasing in size and
strength. This process is called
atrophy.
hypertrophy.
megalomia.
tonia.
What nutrient can be used to produce energy in the absence of oxygen?
B vitamins
lactic acid

glucose
protein
fatty acids
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the female athlete triad?
Amenorrhea
Disordered eating
Improved bone density
Low percentage of body fat
Endurance athletes should focus on replenishing which fuel store in the body prior to the
next workout?
Amino acids in the liver
Creatine phosphate
Fatty acids in the muscle
Glycogen in the muscle and liver

The most common symptom of overtraining syndrome is
elevated body temperature (running a fever).
fatigue, even at rest.
thirst that is not relieved by drinking fluids.
urine is concentrated (dark yellow color).
Aerobic exercise is considered to be at an intensity of _____ % of maximum heart rate.
10-30%
40-70%
60-85%
90-100%
Based on the information depicted in this visual, which of the following statements is
FALSE?

During the first few seconds of exercise, the muscles get energy from stored ATP.
After about 10 minutes, most of the ATP used to fuel exercise is produced by
anaerobic metabolism.
In about 2 minutes, anaerobic metabolism of glucose becomes the predominant
source of ATP.
Very early in exercise, creatine phosphate is broken down to produce ATP.
Discussion Group your experiences with taking this week's diagnostic.
following topics:
your class.

• Create-a-Plate: Create a Dinner Rich in Folate
• Create-a-Plate: Create a Healthy Snack for Seniors
• Create-a-Plate: Create a School Lunch for Elementary School Students
following topics:
• What is one benefit of eating a dinner rich in folate? What can you do to ensure
you are getting the daily recommended intake of folate?
• What advice would you give to a senior who wants your help with learning how to
snack healthier?
• What advice would you give to a parent who wants to learn how to create healthy
lunches for a finicky eater?
In this graded assignment, you will be assessed on the content covered in this week's
readings, activities, and assignments. To help you prepare, it is recommended you first
complete this week's Learning Path and Self-Test Learning Activities prior to completing
this exam.
Complete the Week 5 Exam covering this week's assigned readings:
• Ch. 11, Nutrition During Pregnancy and Infancy
• Ch. 12, Nutrition from 1 to 100
• Ch. 13, How Safe is Our Food Supply?
Note: Upon completing the Weekly Exam within WileyPLUS, know that the "To Do"
Carousel on the Class Home will not update. The "To Do" Carousel will mark these
graded assignments as complete as soon as the faculty member transfers the grade from
the WileyPLUS system into the University of Phoenix gradebook.
Question 2

Which of the following statements about breast milk is FALSE?
Breast milk contains antibodies that provide immune protection to infant.
Hormones present in breast-milk make the infant grow larger much more quickly as
compared to formula-fed infants.
The strong suckling required for breast feeding contributes to speech development.
Enzymes in breast milk prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms in the infant’s
colon.
Question 5
This graph illustrates the differences between the recommended daily intake of several key
nutrients and energy. Which of the following statements is true?

The water need is equivalent to one additional cup per day.
A simple snack of a fruit or nuts would help to achieve the increased fiber
recommendation.
Energy needs are doubled during pregnancy.
As protein needs are greatly increased during pregnancy, amino acid supplements
are often recommended.
Question 6

Fertility can be reduced when
a woman has low body fat.
a woman has too much body fat.
women have either low body fat or too much body fat.
body fat has no implication on fertility.
Question 7
Which of the following statements about feeding infants is true?
The microorganisms that cause colds are passed from the mother to infant in breast
milk.
HIV infection is passed from the mother to infant in breast milk.
Nicotine from cigarettes is not passed from the mother to infant in breast milk.
Breastfeeding leads to decreased bone density in the lactating mother.
Question 8

In general, the nutrient needs of a pregnant teen are ______ the nutrient needs of a
nonpregnant 39-year-old woman
greater than
the same as
less than
Question 9
The RDA for iron for young children is _____ the RDA for adult men.
higher than
the same as
lower than
Question 10
Deficiencies of ____ is/are of particular concern during childhood.

calcium
iron
vitamin D
All of these deficiencies are of concern during childhood
Question 13
When short-term alcohol intake exceeds the body’s ability to break it down, the excess
accumulates in the bloodstream and impairs a person’s abilities. Of the following, which is
the correct sequence of impairments that occur?
Compromised ability to reason → lack of coordination → slowed breathing, heart
rate, and gag reflex
Lack of coordination → slowed breathing, heart rate, and gag reflex → compromised
ability to reason
Slowed breathing, heart rate, and gag reflex → lack of coordination → compromised
ability to reason
None of these are in the correct order

Question 17
Which of the following statements regarding the control of microbial growth is FALSE?
Most bacteria grow best at a pH near neutral.
Most bacteria grow best in conditions without oxygen.
Bacteria need water to grow.
All of these statements are true.
Question 19
Genetically modified rice, called golden rice, is an example of how genetic engineering is
used to
create a product that has a greater consumer
appeal.
increase the nutrient quality of a food.
increase the shelf life a food.
make a food more insect resistant.

Question 20
Locally grown produce contains _____ of pesticides as compared to produce that is
shipped across the country for sale in grocery stores.
a higher amount
the same amount
a lower amount
Question 21
The deadliest of all bacterial food toxins is produced by
Campylobacter
jejuni
Clostridium
botulinum
Clostridium
perfringens

Salmonell
a
Question 23
The goal of the _____ is to reduce the incidence of food-borne illness by improving food
safety practice and policies throughout the United States.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service
National Food Safety Initiative
World Health Organization
Question 24
Food borne illness caused by pathogens that multiply in the human body are termed food-
borne
injury.
intoxication.

illness.
infection.
Which of the following women has a greater risk of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy?
Susie, a 30 year old Caucasian mother of
2
Jenni, a 40 year old African American living in poverty
Staci, a 35 year old Hispanic mother of 1

Mildred, a Caucasian 20 year old college student
A folate deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of which of the following?
Low-birth-weight infants
Megablastic or macrocytic anemia
Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida
All of these are associated with folate deficiency during pregnancy
_______ is needed for the synthesis of DNA and hence for cell division.
Calcium
Folate

Vitamin D
Zinc
Which of the following foods is most commonly associated with mercury contamination?
Citrus fruits
Fish
Nuts
Tofu
A women who gains excess weight during her pregnancy increases risk for all of the following EXCEPT
an increased risk for the
mother developing high blood pressure.

mother developing gestational diabetes.
need for cesarean section to delivery
infant.
infant being born with a low birthweight.
Many women start pregnancy with diminished iron
stores.
The RDA for iron during pregnancy is about 150% of that for nonpregnant
women.
The majority of the iron transferred from the mom to the fetus occurs in the last
trimester.
Meeting increased iron needs is achieved most easily through the increased consumption of
whole-grain products and spinach.
The growth charts for children assess the status of which of these parameters?

Height, weight, and body fat
Body fat, head circumference, and
weight
Height, weight, and head circumference
Body fat, head circumference and
weight
Which of the following statements about the placenta is FALSE?
The placenta formed from both maternal and embryonic
tissues.
For the majority of the pregnancy, the placenta will nourish the
fetus.
The placenta nourishes the embryo from fertilization
onward.
The placenta secretes hormones that are necessary to sustain the
pregnancy.

Which of the following regarding exercise during pregnancy is FALSE?
Pregnancy can interfere with the woman’s
balance.
Physical activity during pregnancy can improve digestion and prevent constipation.
Physical activity in hot or humid environments is allowed during the entire pregnancy.
Women who weren’t active before the pregnancy should slowly add low-intensity, low-impact
activities.
What percent of children are considered obese?
1%
5%
17%
23%

Deficiency of _____ is of particular concern with chronic alcohol consumption.
folate
thiamin
niacin
vitamin B6
Children need small, nutrient-dense meals and snacks because they
have a short attention
span.
have small stomachs and high nutrient
needs.
need to expend more calories in playtime.

none of these are plausible
reasons.
Binge drinking is defined as _____ or more drinks at one time for men and _____ or more drinks at
one time for women.
2, 1
3, 2
4, 3
5, 4
Which of the following statements about feeding children is FALSE?
Children who eat breakfast are more likely to meet their daily nutrient needs than those who
don’t.

Mealtimes should be at a consistent time every day.
Children eat more when they eat
alone.
Food should not be used as a reward or
punishment.
Those children who participate in the National School Lunch Program consume ______ vegetables and
______ milk than nonparticipants.
less, less
less, more
more, less
more, more
Which of the following would be the healthiest alternative to French fries if you were eating at a fast-
food restaurant?

Baked potato with low-fat sour
cream
Breaded chicken
sandwich
Deep-fried mozzarella sticks
Double cheeseburger
Which of the following statements about alcohol metabolism is FALSE?
Alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that breaks down
alcohol.
Alcohol increases fluid excretion from the kidneys.
If you drink alcohol frequently, your body becomes more efficient at breaking the alcohol
down.
The main organs that break down alcohol are the
kidneys.

Pregnant women are at particular risk for _____ infections.
Camylobacter
jejuni
Clostridium
perfringens
Listeri
a
Salmonell
a
Which of the following is an anaerobic bacteria, and thus is called the “cafeteria germ”?
Campylobacter
jejuni
Clostridium
botulinum
Clostridium
perfringens
Salmonell
a

Which of the following statements is FALSE about why food irradiation is infrequently used in the
United States?
Lack of facilities to irradiate food
Public suspicion of this technology to keep food safe
The food becomes radioactive and thus harmful to
health
All of these statements are true
The _____ ensures the safety and quality of foods sold across state lines with the exception of red
meat, poultry, and egg products.
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention
Environmental Protection Agency

Food and Drug Administration
United States Department of Agriculture
Cooking turkey to an internal temperature of 165 degree Fahrenheit is an example of which step in
the HACCP system?
Conduct a hazard analysis
Identify the critical control points
Establish critical limits
Establish monitoring procedure
All of the following are preservation techniques that kill microbes EXCEPT

canning
.
cooking.
freezing.
pasteurization.
Which of the following individuals is least likely to experience food-borne illness?
Aimee, a 20 year old pregnant
nurse
Chad, a 40 year old male with
HIV
Tom, an 80 year old male on
chemotherapy
Rachel, a 40 year old non-pregnant, non-lactating
female
HACCP is designed to

alert the public to prevent further food borne illness when it has
occurred.
catch contamination after it has
occurred.
clean up contamination after it has
occurred.
prevent contamination.
This graph charts the growth rate of the infant. Which of the following is the correct interpretation
of the information provided in this graph?

The infant’s birth weight is much higher than the general population.
The infant had weight gain that was much greater than expected from 15 to 18 months of
age.
The infant’s birth weight is lower than the general population and has remained at this
percentile into childhood.
This infant experienced catch-up growth between 3 and 6 months of age.

Newborn infants are given a shot of ____ at birth to prevent uncontrolled bleeding.
calcium
iron
vitamin D
vitamin K
At what point are infants ready for solid or semi-solid foods?
2 months of age
4-6 months of age
Infants can eat solid food immediately after being born
1 year of age

As a general rule of thumb, an infant should ______ her birthweight by her first birthday.
double
triple
quadruple
Weight gain in infancy is not compared to birthweight
Which of the following foods is most commonly associated with mercury contamination?
Citrus fruits
Fish
Nuts
Tofu

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of cocaine’s effects during pregnancy?
It is a central nervous system stimulant.
Use by the mother during pregnancy increases her risk for a miscarriage.
It is a large molecule; therefore, it does not cross the placenta and enter fetal blood.
Many of its effects during pregnancy occur because it constricts blood vessels, thereby
reducing oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus.
Which of the following women has a greater risk of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy?
Susie, a 30 year old Caucasian mother of 2
Jenni, a 40 year old African American living in poverty
Staci, a 35 year old Hispanic mother of 1
Mildred, a Caucasian 20 year old college student

Because the majority of cell differentiation occurs during the ____ phase, this is the time when
exposure to teratogens can do the most damage.
embryonic
fetal
implantation
zygote
Many women start pregnancy with diminished iron stores.
The RDA for iron during pregnancy is about 150% of that for nonpregnant women.
The majority of the iron transferred from the mom to the fetus occurs in the last trimester.

Meeting increased iron needs is achieved most easily through the increased consumption of
whole-grain products and spinach.
Which of the following is the only dietary intervention that has been shown to slow aging and
extend life?
Consuming >10% of calories from olive oil
Exercising daily for 60 minutes
Cutting back on calorie intake
Eating 5-9 fruits and vegetables daily
Type of alcoholic liver disease that is not reversible is
alcoholic hepatitis.
cirrhosis.

fatty liver.
None of these are reversible.
These results most likely came from ____ studies.
animal
biochemical
clinical trial

epidemiological
The development of kidney failure becomes more prevalent with age; therefore, the amount of
_______ in the diet must be reduced.
alcohol
carbohydrate
fat
protein
Which of the following statements about chronic disease risk is FALSE?
The longer someone has diabetes, the greater their risk of complications that can lead to the
need for an amputation.
Elevated blood cholesterol levels during childhood are associated with higher mortality rate
from heart disease as an adult.

Children with a blood pressure that is at the high end of normal are more likely to develop
hypertension as an adult.
Children who drink high amounts of fruit juice are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes as
an adult.
Older adults should consume a diet that is _______ in protein relative to calories as compared to
that of younger adults.
higher
lower
similar
Based on the distribution of beverage intake by weight in U.S. children and teens, which
micronutrient intakes have been most impacted by these beverage choices?

Calcium and phosphorus
Calcium and niacin
Potassium and sodium
Zinc and iodine
The primary mechanism by which moderate consumption of alcohol lowers cardiovascular disease
risk is that it

decreases triglyceride level in the blood.
decreases blood pressure.
increases cholesterol clearance from the digestive tract.
increases HDL.
Which of the following is an anaerobic bacteria, and thus is called the “cafeteria germ”?
Campylobacter jejuni
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Salmonella

The _____ method of pest control combines chemical and non-chemical methods and emphasizes
the use of natural toxins.
Environmental safety health hazard plan
Insect tolerance application process
Integrated pest management
Pesticide residue tolerance control
This graph shows pesticide contents found among samples of domestically-produced food versus
imported food. Review the graph, and then select that statement that is FALSE.

The majority of domestic and imported foods contain no pesticide residues.
Pesticide residues exceeding tolerance limits are a greater issue for domestic rather than
imported foods.
More domestic than imported foods contain pesticide residues.
All of these statements are false statements.
The _____ ensures the safety and quality of foods sold across state lines with the exception of red
meat, poultry, and egg products.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Environmental Protection Agency
Food and Drug Administration
United States Department of Agriculture
The _______ step in the HACCP program enables the manufacturer to trace the source of the

problem in the event of a food-borne illness outbreak.
Identify the critical control points
Establish critical limits
Establish monitoring procedure
Record keeping
Which of the following federal agencies does NOT work to ensure the safety of the GM plants and
foods?
CDC
EPA
FDA
USDA

Genetic engineering has sped up the process of improving the traits of organisms. Which of the
following describes the process of engineering a genetically modified plant?
Desired gene is identified and “cut out” of plant → DNA is integrated into chromosomes →
modified plant cells are placed into cell culture
Modified plant cells are placed into cell culture → desired gene is identified and “cut out” of
plant → DNA is integrated into chromosomes
DNA is integrated into chromosomes → modified plant cells are placed into cell culture →
desired gene is identified and “cut out” of plant
Desired gene is identified and “cut out” of plant → modified plant cells are placed into cell
culture → DNA is integrated into chromosomes
Trichinella spriralis and Cryptosporidium parvum are
bacteria.
fungi.
mold.
parasites.

An infant boy’s growth follows the purple line indicated with the arrow. Based on this
growth chart, he is experiencing
diabetes.
failure to thrive.

obesity.
overweight.
To avoid dehydration and ensure adequate breast milk production, women who are
breastfeeding should consume about _____cup(s) of additional fluid each day.
1
2
3
4
The fetus gets nourished by
absorbing nutrients for the bloodstream of the mother (the bloodstream of the
embryo mixes with the bloodstream of the mother).
breaking down the lining of the uterus.
transferring of nutrients from the placenta.
none of these.
DHA is made from ____ fatty acids while ARA is made from _____ fatty acids.

omega 3, omega 6
omega 6, omega 3
trans, polyunsaturated
omega 3, trans
Oxytocin
causes let-down to occur.
causes morning sickness during pregnancy.
increases maternal weight gain during pregnancy.
results in increased blood volume in mother during pregnancy.

Based on the research presented in this visual, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Only a small percentage of children in the U.S. have ‘good’ diets.
As children grow older, their diets become better.
Teenagers have the highest percentage of poor diets.
Younger children have better diets.
The amounts of protein and energy needed per kilogram of body weight _____, whereas
the total amount of protein and energy needed _____ as children grow into adulthood.
decrease, decrease
decrease, increase
increase, decrease
increase, increase

In 2007-2008, children aged ____ had the highest percentage of obese children.
2-5 years
6-11 years
12-19 years
Stem: Which is NOT a lunch standard of the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010?
Half of the grains served must be whole.
Meals must be low in saturated fat and cannot contain trans fat.
Meals must contain fruits and vegetables.
Meals cannot contain red meat.

Which of the following statements about alcohol is true?
Alcohol consumption can reduce the risk of cancer.
Alcohol consumption can contribute to malnutrition.
Moderate alcohol consumption lowers HDL cholesterol levels.
Alcohol is absorbed faster on a full stomach than on an empty stomach.
Pregnant women are at particular risk for _____ infections.
Camylobacter
jejuni
Clostridium
perfringens
Listeri
a
Salmonell
a

Which of the following bacteria is most likely growing in a bulging can of green beans?
Campylobacter
jejuni
Clostridium
botulinum
Clostridium
perfringens
Vibrio
vulnificus
The Delaney Clause is
a part of the 1958 Food Additives Amendment.
a zero tolerance limit.
related to cancer-causing substances in foods.
All of these are components to the Delaney Clause.
Which of the following statements is FALSE about viruses that make us sick?
Viruses can reproduce inside human cells.
Viruses that cause human diseases can grow and reproduce in foods.

Viruses reproduce in the human body by turning human cells into virus-producing
cells.
Norovirus are responsible for about 50% of all food-borne gastrointestinal outbreaks
in the US.

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