Schizophrenia and Psychotic DisordersIndividuals with psyc.docx

Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders
Individuals with psychotic disorders are characterized by
irrational, bizarre beliefs (delusions) and perceptual
disturbances (hallucinations). Although these disorders have a
relatively low prevalence, they account for a large portion of
the costs of mental health care. These disorders start in early
adulthood, are relatively chronic, and last an entire normal adult
lifetime. Many individuals with schizophrenia are severely
impaired and often unable to work or care for themselves. Many
of the individuals with schizophrenia are homeless and are
entangled in the criminal justice system due to the lack of
community resources to treat them. Defendants who are
successful with the insanity defense typically have a history of
suffering from a severe and persistent mental illness, usually
schizophrenia.
As a forensic mental health professional, two major reasons that
increase your likelihood of interacting with individuals with
schizophrenia are criminal behavior and suicide, as individuals
with schizophrenia are at increased risk of both. Individuals
with schizophrenia are more likely to commit suicide than
individuals with any other diagnosis. As a forensic mental
health professional, you should learn about the risk factors for
suicide and suicide prevention skills.
Refer to the Webliography section to learn more on suicide
prevention.
The issue of severe and persistent mental illness poses
important ethical and legal questions. For example, is it ethical
and legal to force people to take medications? Many of the
antipsychotic medications have unpleasant side effects, some of
which can be irreversible, such as tardive dyskinesia. Tardive
dyskinesia is an extrapyramidal symptom that involves

involuntary movements of the face, mouth, tongue, or jaw. This
can cause difficulty in speaking and eating for the patient. Other
ethical concerns are involuntary hospitalization and the
placement of individuals with severe and persistent mental
illness among the general prison population.
Psycholegal Issues
As a forensic health professional, it is important for you to
understand the psycholegal issues of competency to stand trial
and the insanity defense, both of which involve individuals with
psychotic disorders (mental illness).
For example, the Supreme Court has ruled that individuals who
cannot understand the punishment that they might receive or the
reasons for it cannot be executed. Thus, in the United States, a
person with severe mental illness cannot be executed if found
incompetent to stand trial. There have been cases of mentally ill
individuals on death row who have been found incompetent to
be executed (not competent to receive the death penalty). In
such instances, the role of the state is to return the person to
competency in order for the individual to be executed since it
can be assumed that the individual was competent at some time.
If the person had been found incompetent, he or she would not
have gone to trial. The Supreme Court has ruled that
competency is competency regardless of why competency is
being considered. Thus, the same standard is applied to
competence to stand trial, competence to waive counsel, and
competence to be executed. The question is whether an inmate
sentenced to death can refuse treatment that would return him or
her to competency. Additionally, what is the role of the forensic
mental health professional? Should the mental health
professional work to return an inmate to competency?
Some of these psycholegal issues have complicated ethical
issues that also involve the practitioners' professional and
personal values. The practice of forensic mental health has

many ethical and legal pitfalls. It is important to continue to
seek education and consultation in these areas.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
ADHD, which is no longer referred to just as attention deficit
disorder, is a condition of attentional difficulties. Individuals
with ADHD are able to pay attention to things around them, but
they have a great deal of difficulty discerning what to pay
attention to and what not to pay attention to, which results in
them paying attention to too many things at once rather than
just to relevant stimuli. In other words, people with ADHD are
not good at screening out unimportant information around them.
For example, a child in a classroom might pay attention to how
fast he can twitch his foot for a while without paying attention
to what the teacher is saying.
While boys are diagnosed with ADHD at about twice the rate of
girls, it is believed that ADHD is underdiagnosed in girls and
perhaps overdiagnosed in boys. The challenge with properly
diagnosing girls with ADHD is that girls tend to have a
predominately inattentive presentation whereas boys tend to
have a predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation.
Essentially, girls with inattentive ADHD go unnoticed because
they are not a behavioral problem in the classroom. Conversely,
boys with hyperactive/impulsive ADHD are almost impossible
not to notice. Although ADHD is usually diagnosed in
childhood, it can be diagnosed in adulthood as well.
While ADHD is not in and of itself linked to criminal behavior,
the impulsivity aspect of it might be in that individuals with
ADHD might have a hard time thinking through the
consequences of any illegal behavior. Further, in a correctional
setting, individuals with ADHD will likely have difficulty
following directions, particularly directions that are given to a
group rather than individually or directions with multiple steps.
Aggression in Childhood and Adolescence

As a forensic mental health professional, two disruptive
disorders of childhood that you will probably see are
oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, due to the
aggressive behaviors that are associated with them.
Of the two, oppositional defiant disorder, which is usually
diagnosed in children under the age of twelve years, is less
severe as it centers on verbal aggression and noncompliance
with adults rather than criminal behavior. However, conduct
disorder does involve criminal behavior such as physical
aggression, theft, vandalism, or truancy. Unlike conduct
disorder, which is a criterion for an adult diagnosis of antisocial
personality disorder, oppositional defiant disorder is not a
criterion for conduct disorder. Similarly, just as conduct
disorder does not necessarily lead to antisocial personality
disorder, oppositional defiant disorder does not necessarily lead
to conduct disorder.
Impulse Control Disorders
The term “impulse control disorder” describes conditions that
occur due to an irresistible impulse to engage in the problematic
behavior. Intermittent explosive disorder (aggressive outbursts),
kleptomania (shoplifting), and pyromania (fire setting) each
have in common an irresistible urge to carry out the behavior
despite knowledge of the adverse consequences that often
result. They each experience excitement and pleasure while
contemplating or carrying out the problematic behavior.
Consider the following case example:
Juan is a fourteen-year-old male who lives with his mom and
two brothers (aged twelve and sixteen years). Juan is in the
eighth grade and does not like school. His mom works two part-
time jobs to be able to afford food and rent for her three kids,

which means that she is often not at home. Juan has very few
friends and was recently kicked off the community soccer team
for repeatedly not showing up to practice. His mom cannot drive
him to practice, and the two buses that are needed to get there
take over an hour. Juan’s older brother recently began smoking,
and when Juan was offered a cigarette, he declined. However,
he was intrigued by how his brother lit the cigarette, and he
secretly took his brother’s matches. The next day, he played a
game with the matches by lighting them in his room and
dropping them in an empty soda can. A few days later, he
burned a paper that was a failed test from a class that he did not
like. He was a bit worried that the fire would spread, but he was
able to put it out by smothering the burning paper with one of
his shirts. He threw the burnt shirt away without anyone
knowing and hoped it would not be missed. He found the fire
exciting, and he felt powerful that he was able to start it and
then put it out. Days later, he lit a small fire in his bedroom that
burned some of the wood on the floor. This time, it set off the
smoke detector in their apartment and his older brother had to
come in to help him put it out. Juan’s mom was not home at the
time, and Juan asked his older brother to keep the fire a secret
in exchange for him not telling about his older brother’s
smoking. His older brother agreed and warned Juan to “not burn
the place down.” The following week, Juan lit a fire in a
garbage can in a bathroom at school. The fire department was
called to extinguish it. It was readily apparent that the fire had
been intentionally set. Security cameras in the hallway of the
school later identified Juan as the culprit. The next day, Juan
was suspended from school, charged with arson, and brought to
the local juvenile detention facility. When his mom was notified
of his arrest and detention, she was shocked and had no
knowledge of any of his fire-setting behavior.
While kleptomania, pyromania, and intermittent explosive
disorder are often seen in adolescents, they are not disorders
that are exclusive to youth, as adults can have them as well.
Further, a diagnosis of any of these three disorders is not a

criterion for having them as an adult. In other words, it is
possible to develop these disorders in adulthood without having
exhibited any such behaviors during adolescence. In adults,
intermittent explosive disorder is often referred to as the adult
version of “temper tantrums” since the reaction that is displayed
in the angry outbursts is quite extreme for a given situation,
such as screaming at an employee at a fast-food restaurant
because the order was not completed properly.
Pyromaniacs (arsonists) are actually considered among the most
dangerous of offenders due to the potential for significant loss
of life that fire setting can cause. In fact, the penal system
views fire setters as equivalent to mass murderers.
Alternatively, kleptomaniacs (shoplifters) are usually not
dangerous at all. Additionally, kleptomania is irrespective of
social status, which means that a kleptomaniac could be
impoverished or wealthy. Many who engage in compulsive theft
do not do so out of a need for the items that they take. Often,
the items are kept but not used or even sold for profit. They
steal simply for the “thrill” of getting away with it. When these
individuals are caught, they are often given probation and their
prison sentence, if any, is generally brief since they are
nondangerous offenders.
Conclusion
Psychotic disorders are the very definition of mental illness. For
example, someone with depression, anxiety, or a personality
disorder is not considered mentally ill. Rather, the person has a
psychological disorder or condition. In other words, someone
who only has depression, anxiety, or a personality disorder is
not going to have issues with competency to stand trial or
insanity if charged with a crime. Only individuals who are
mentally ill, typically the severely and persistently mentally ill
(SPMI) population, have issues related to competency or
insanity. Another important clarification is the distinction

between mental illness and intellectual disability (formerly
called mental retardation). Someone with an intellectual
disability has a low level of intelligence, and, for that reason,
he or she may have issues with competency to stand trial or
insanity.
However, having an intellectual disability and being mentally ill
are not the same. To be diagnosed with an intellectual
disability, the individual must be identified as having it
sometime during childhood, because an intellectual disability is
not a condition that would begin in adulthood unless it occurred
due to a significant head injury in adulthood, known as
traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is important to know the
intellectual disability criteria, as offenders may attempt to feign
low levels of intelligence in order to attempt to evade
responsibility for their charges. This behavior is known as
malingering, and every forensic mental health professional is
likely to encounter it at some point in his or her career. In fact,
offenders may also attempt to feign mental illness in an attempt
to avoid accountability for their charges. In either case, it is
essential to detect when malingering is occurring so that
offenders are not able to successfully manipulate the criminal
justice system.
Assignment 2: Diagnostic Case Reports
Click here to go to the Faces of Abnormal Psychology website.
There, you will see twelve different disorders listed. For this
module, view the following disorders:
· Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
· Paranoid Schizophrenia
After clicking a disorder, click the Diagnostic Overview tab in
the left column. This will cover the major diagnostic features of
the disorder. After that, click the DSM-5 Features tab. You can
then go though the Case History, Interview, and Treatment
sections on the website. Finally, in the Assessment section, you
can complete an optional multiple-choice quiz. You have to

write a case report for each case study. You should use the
format provided on the web page. There is a sample report that
you can also view by clicking the link in the upper-right corner.
The format for the sample report is as follows:
Your Name
Instructor's Name
Class/Section Number
Background
· Outline the major symptoms of this disorder.
· Briefly outline the client's background (age, race, occupations,
etc.).
· Describe any factors in the client's background that might
predispose him or her to this disorder.
Observations
· Describe any symptoms that you have observed that support
the diagnosis. You can include direct quotes or behaviors that
you may have observed.
· Describe any symptoms or behaviors that are inconsistent with
the diagnosis.
· Provide any information that you have about the development
of this disorder.
Diagnosis
· Did you observe any evidence of general medical conditions
that might contribute to the development of this disorder?
· Did you observe any evidence of psychosocial and
environmental problems that might contribute to this disorder?
· As per your observations, what is the client’s overall level of
safety regarding potential harm to self or others (suicidality or
homicidality)?
· What cross-cultural issues, if any, affect the differential
diagnosis?
Therapeutic Intervention
· In your opinion, what are the appropriate short-term goals of
this intervention?
· In your opinion, what are the appropriate long-term goals of
this intervention?

· Which therapeutic strategy seems the most appropriate in this
case? Why?
· Which therapeutic modality seems the most appropriate in this
case? Why?
Writing
· Write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate
ethical scholarship in the accurate representation and attribution
of sources; and display accurate spelling, grammar, and
punctuation. Include citations in the text and references at the
end of the document in APA format.
Submission Details:
· By Wednesday, April 5, 2017, save your report as
M4_A2_Lastname_Firstname.doc and submit it to the M4
Assignment 2 Dropbox.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Described the major symptoms of each disorder, outlined each
person's background, and described any factors in the person's
background that might predispose him or her to their disorder.
20
Described any symptoms that were observed that support each
diagnosis and any symptoms or behaviors that are inconsistent
with each diagnosis and provided relevant information from the
case history about the development of each disorder.
20
Described any evidence of psychosocial or medical issues that
might have contributed to each disorder, identified any safety
concerns regarding suicidality or homicidality, and discussed
any cross-cultural issues affecting the differential diagnosis.
20
Discussed appropriate short-term and long-term goals of each
intervention, discussed the most appropriate therapeutic strategy
and therapeutic modality for each case, and presented
appropriate reasoning for your selection.
20
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated

ethical scholarship in the accurate representation and attribution
of sources; and displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and
punctuation.
20
Total:
100
Page 1 of 2
Maladaptive Behavior and Psychopathology
© 2013 Argosy University
Schizophrenia Overview
Ms. Hanson: Hello and welcome to the Answered Patient. I'm
Jane Hanson. Schizophrenia is one of the
most disabling and severe mental illnesses. It's also one of the
most widely misunderstood. In this episode
of the Answered Patient, we'll discuss the symptoms of
schizophrenia, who is at risk for developing it and
how it's diagnosed. We'll also look at strategies for treating
schizophrenia and the coping techniques that
help patients and their loved ones live for productive lives.
Speaker: More than 2 million Americans and nearly 25 million
people worldwide suffer from schizophrenia.
The World Health Organization ranked schizophrenia among the
top 10 most debilitating diseases, 30
percent of people diagnosed with schizophrenia try to commit
suicide and 10 percent succeed.

Mr. Corrigan: Schizophrenia is considered perhaps one of the
most serious of psychiatric disorders. In
part, because it's related to lot of symptoms that people
normally think of when they think of serious mental
illness.
Speaker: The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek words
Skhizein which means to split and phren
which means mind. A common misinterpretation is that people
with this disease have a split personality, but
the name actually refers to a split in perception between the real
world and a fantasy world of paranoid
delusions.
Mr. Gejman: Many persons with schizophrenia have
hallucinations. That means that they hear voices.
Usually the voices that the patients thinks that are terrifying or
not nice about the patient himself. And they
may not recognize that their voices are not real either.
Ms. Hanson: The symptoms of schizophrenia may be sudden
appearing within days or weeks or they may
develop slowly.
Speaker: Common symptoms include deep paranoia, visual and
auditory hallucinations, illogical thinking
and flat emotional responses to situations. People experiencing
these symptoms are often unaware they
need medical attention. If any of these symptoms sound familiar
to you or someone you know, it's important
to seek help right away.
Ms. Hanson: Without proper treatment, schizophrenia can take a
tremendous toll on a person's life. Many
people can't work or unable to care for themselves and a few or

no personal relationships.
Mr. Devulapally: There is a well-known phenomenon known as
downward drift that affects people with
schizophrenia and this involves the progressive loss of
relationships and functioning. So people with
schizophrenia do very often lose ties with their family, become
more isolated.
Ms. Hanson: Schizophrenia affects men and women of every
age, race and economic class. It usually
begins in men during their teens and 20s and in women during
their 20s and early 30s. In rare cases it even
affects children.
Mr. Corrigan: Historically, schizophrenia was thought of as a
young adulthood. So it wouldn’t fit the
diagnosis. I think children who have it. Now it's childhood
schizophrenia.
Ms. Hanson: While researchers haven’t identified a single cause
of schizophrenia, they do know that
several factors can contribute to the development of the disease.
These include brain abnormalities and
family history. 10 percent of those who suffer from
schizophrenia have a parent or sibling who is also been
diagnosed with the disease.
Page 2 of 2

2
Schizophrenia Overview
Mr. Corrigan: If we review population studies, you find that
relatives of people with schizophrenia are
able – are likely to have that disorder at greater rate. So if
there's family built-in schizophrenia it probably
indicates genetics.
Speaker: Was there a specific incident that happened?
Speaker: We just had exchange of words. That's all it was and
those are things he say and I was just
having a bad day that day.
Ms. Hanson: Because schizophrenia shares many symptoms in
common with other mental illnesses,
diagnosing, it can be difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. A
psychiatrist will closely examine a patient's
mental history. The doctor may also want to interview family
members and friends of the patient. There are
also several questionnaires that doctors sometimes administer to
gauge whether a patient is suffering from
schizophrenia.
Mr. Lerman: In spite of all the new medical diagnostic imaging
techniques, MRI's, functional MRIs et
cetera, it's a clinical diagnosis. It's a diagnosis that's made by a
psychiatrist interviewing a patient and
usually with other information from friends or family members.
Ms. Hanson: Though schizophrenia can be debilitating, safe and
effective treatment options are available

to help manage the disease. Medication, psychotherapy, and
peer and family support groups can all be
used to keep the illness under control and help people recover
from the damaging effects of the disease.
Mr. Zipple: The thing that is probably the biggest
misconception is that people don’t recover and people
really do, they may have to take medications for a very long
time, but if you look at the data for a people
over a 5,10, 15, 20 year period, most people recover quite well.
Speaker: No, there it is, nice #[ 5:39].
Mr. Devulapally: It doesn’t have to impair or limit the prison in
their goals, and in their pursuits in life.
Mr. Corrigan: It is reasonable to think that people with
schizophrenia who are receiving the appropriate
mediation and the breath of rehab and individual needs that they
should be able to go back to work and live
on their own develop adult relationships and enjoy their life.
Ms. Hanson: There are plenty of reasons for people suffering
from schizophrenia to be hopeful. In the other
chapters of this episode, you'll learn more about schizophrenia,
its symptoms, how it's diagnosed and the
way those affected by the disease or coping with it. We'll also
tell you about the latest treatment options
available for schizophrenia. In our personal stories chapter,
you'll meet a real patient with schizophrenia
and discover how he has managed to treat and live with this
condition every day. And finally, if you would
like to be kept up to date in schizophrenia, you can subscribe to
this series on our health channel at
AnswersTV.com.

of 1
Quiz
Which of the following disorders does Jason most likely have?
Mark the correct option.
• Schizophrenia
• Delusional disorder
• Antisocial personality disorder
Correct Option: Delusional disorder
Feedback for First Option
That’s incorrect!
Schizophrenia is an incorrect diagnosis. Jason did not

experience any hallucinations, disorganized speech,
disorganized behavior, or the other Criteria A symptoms of
schizophrenia, such as a lack of speech,
emotion, or movement.
Feedback for Second Option
That’s correct!
This is the most likely disorder for Jason. He has had
nonbizarre hallucinations due to believing that he is
loved by someone famous and that they could become a couple
after he kidnapped high-profile individuals
to get noticed by her.
Feedback for Third Option
That’s incorrect!
Antisocial personality disorder is an incorrect diagnosis. The
vignette doesn’t mention whether Jason had a
history of conduct disorder as a youth, which is a required
criterion for antisocial personality disorder.
Without knowing that key piece of information, a diagnosis of
antisocial personality disorder could not be
made. However, even if he does not meet the criteria for
antisocial personality disorder, this does not mean
that he did not commit a very serious crime. It’s important to
remember that not every criminal has
antisocial personality disorder, although many do.

Childhood Disorders
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder is characterized by negativistic,
defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior
toward authority figures. Since all children exhibit some degree
of defiance, it might be tempting for parents
to see this as a normal part of childhood. However, the difficult
behaviors that comprise this disorder
exceed what would be typical in the average child.
Conduct Disorder
A more severe behavior disorder is conduct disorder, which is a
chronic pattern of the violation of the rights
of others. Conduct disorder is sometimes referred to as the
adolescent version of antisocial personality
disorder since antisocial personality disorder can be diagnosed
only in adults. Similarly, conduct disorder
can be diagnosed only in adolescents. However, conduct
disorder and antisocial personality disorder are
linked in that conduct disorder is a necessary prodromal phase
for the diagnosis of antisocial personality
disorder. Although all adults who have antisocial personality
disorder must have had conduct disorder in
their youth (otherwise, they would not have qualified for
antisocial personality disorder), not all adolescents
with conduct disorder will develop antisocial personality
disorder. In fact, since adults with antisocial
personality disorder are extremely dangerous, when an
adolescent has conduct disorder, every attempt
should be made to implement the appropriate interventions in
order to give the adolescent every

opportunity not to develop antisocial personality disorder.
Page 1 of 1
Vignette
Jason Warren is a 21-year-old Caucasian male. He is attending
his second year of community college with
an undeclared major. Jason lives at home with his mother and
stepfather and is unemployed. He is an
average student and spends much of his time alone in his room
interacting with people online. He has
never met his father and does not have a close relationship with
his stepfather.
When Jason was a teenager, he became infatuated with a
popular, young female celebrity named Amelia
Sloan and often daydreamed about meeting her. Encouraged by
media reports of stars agreeing to attend
formal dances with everyday people, he decided to write to
Amelia Sloan and ask her for a date. He
meticulously composed a letter explaining how he had followed
her career, saw most of her films, and was
angered by the way the media seemed to treat her harshly. He

indicated that his intentions were genuine
and felt that they would make the “perfect couple” at the
upcoming dance.
During high school, Jason was teased frequently. He began to
believe that being taunted would increase
Amelia’s desire to meet him. During his senior year, he
inadvertently blurted out that he would be attending
the prom with Amelia, which only increased how much he was
taunted by his classmates. He was mocked
even more when his lie was exposed after he did not attend his
senior prom at all. He further resented his
mom for trying to convince him to go to his prom.
Jason never got over how he was treated by his classmates in
high school, and he began fantasizing about
enacting revenge on the next year’s senior prom. In addition to
continuing to write letters to Amelia, he
spent a lot of time following her on Facebook and Twitter. He
once received a response from Amelia Sloan
of an autographed photograph signed, “Jason, LOL, Amelia.”
Despite being disappointed, he felt that the
LOL was a genuine expression of her feelings and that if she
only met him in person she would realize how
the two were meant to be together. His growing feelings made
his desire for revenge even stronger. He
began to consider calling in a bomb threat to disrupt the prom
and then progressed to thinking about
actually bombing it. He even fantasized about saving Amelia
from the bomb explosion, if she were nearby.
He soon convinced himself that he needed to do more than
bomb the senior prom to get her attention.
However, as the date approached for the next year’s senior
prom, he became more depressed and
withdrawn and uncertain if the plan would succeed in winning

Amelia’s affection. It was at this time that he
learned of the national political conventions that were to occur
in his state later that year. He imagined
Amelia Sloan was a political activist, of sorts, and was
supportive of the Democratic National Party. He felt
that if he could disrupt the Republican convention, he would
win her admiration. He thought that it was even
likely that Amelia Sloan would be in town for the convention,
saying to himself, “Who doesn’t like to party?”
He fantasized that perhaps the best strategy would be to kidnap
a high-ranking Republican and request a
helicopter and meeting with Amelia Sloan as the ransom. As
soon as she arrived, the two of them would
become soul mates, releasing the politician unharmed as a
gesture of goodwill, and use the helicopter to
escape to Cuba, where they would not be extradited back to the
US. She could continue her career from
Cuba and he would work as her manager.
In order to accomplish his plan, he obtained a chauffeur’s
license and applied for work with one of the
limousine services. He hoped to shuttle dignitaries from the
airport to the hotels. He thought that chances
would be good to get a high-ranking political figure and then he
would be able to kidnap the individual and
request his ransom. He was sure to get publicity, perhaps the
kind that Amelia enjoyed, and allow the two
Page 1 of 3

2
Vignette
of them to appear to be folk heroes to all opponents of the
oppressive government.
He was diligent in his work with the limo service and soon
developed a reputation as a reliable and
courteous driver. He also tinkered with the cars and found ways
to readily disable the inside door handles
and locks without a trace of tampering. As the convention
approached, he suggested to his manager that
he would prefer to do airport runs since they were longer and
resulted in better tips. Based on his reputation
as a solid driver, his manager agreed.
Two nights before the start of the convention he had his chance.
He was called to pick up a party of four
from the airport and to shuttle them to a luxury hotel. He
assumed that if they were staying at such a hotel,
they would be with the Republican Party. Most of the rooms
were booked and it would be unlikely that this
group was not connected to the convention. Jason’s eagerness
increased when his manager coincidentally
indicated that this was a “special fare.”
When he picked up his passengers, he requested that they place
their electronic devices, including cell
phones, in a basket due to security at the hotel. He stated that
this would get them through processing
quickly and joked that they could keep their shoes on. The
passengers happily obliged and settled into the
limo. Jason engaged in small talk (e.g., “Are you here for the
convention? …I don’t follow politics much,

where are you from?”) with the group. The man who appeared
to be in charge boasted that he was a
senator and introduced the others as “supporters and delegates
who are about to decide the fate of the
nation.” Jason did not recognize the man. Still, he took him at
his word and mentioned that there was
complimentary champagne in the limo bar. Jason had supplied
complimentary champagne that he laced
with benzodiazepines (“roofies”). He then shut the privacy
partition and put on a pair of headphones. He
bobbed his head as if he was listening to music, but he was
actually eavesdropping on the conversation.
He was happy to see that three of them were drinking the
champagne, but noticed that one woman
appeared more focused on the trip. He continued along the
interstate while going past the exit that would
have taken them to the hotel. As Jason continued on the
highway, the attentive woman looked alarmed and
became agitated. Jason figured she probably thought she was
going to be excessively billed for an
unnecessarily long trip.
Immediately before Jason exited the interstate towards his
house, he removed the batteries from the cell
phones he collected, a skill he practiced so that he could
accomplish it with one hand. His plan was to keep
the hostages in the limo, securely parked in his garage. Before
he left the house, he set the thermostat to
68 degrees and opened the door going into the garage. He
reasoned that it would remain cool enough for
them to spend a day or two in the car. He also turned up the
stereo so neighbors would think he was “letting
loose” while his parents were out of town. He bought a freezer
full of frozen pizza that he would feed to the
hostages while they waited for Amelia.

The serious passenger was now pounding on the chauffeur’s
window and making the others nervous. This
bothered Jason. Jason just kept bobbing his head as if he was
listening to music and could not hear all the
expletives the serious one was calling him. The serious one then
became more concerned once she
realized she did not have her cell phone. Jason drove on and
smirked.
He arrived at his home, with the lights on and the stereo
blaring. He pulled into the garage and turned off
the car. He then announced that they had been kidnapped and he
needed their names to release to the
press and their loved ones so they would know they were safe.
He snapped a photo with a cheap digital
camera he recently bought and told them that he would be back.
He also stated that the doors were locked
and that, if they tampered with the doors or windows, the car
was rigged to incendiary devices and they
Page 2 of 3
3
Vignette
would most likely burn alive in the vehicle before they could
escape. He showed them a video on the limo
DVD that he found on YouTube showing a car in flames. He
suggested that they simply relax and he would
return to escort them one at a time to use the bathroom.

He transferred the photo to a memory stick and went to a
wireless hotspot by the city zoo. From there he
emailed all the major news networks regarding the hostages…
photos and names, as well as his
demands… a meeting with Amelia Sloan, no authorities
involved and a helicopter and pilot and assurance
of safe passage. Once free from the U.S. border, he would
release the code for the hostages to be released
unharmed. This was a ploy, but he hoped it would work, and he
made it clear that his terms were all non-
negotiable.
When Jason returned home, he was tackled by nearly one dozen
SWAT team members. He was taken into
custody without incident. The hostages were released and
received medical attention for the combination of
alcohol and Rohypnol. It seems that as soon as his limousine
left the predetermined route, his manager
was notified via the car’s GPS. His manager tracked the change
and tried to call Jason, but when Jason
disabled the cell phones he had also inadvertently disabled his
own phone. He had been expecting a call
from his manager, but his plan was to stall, saying the guests
had requested a brief tour of the area,
particularly by the zoo, as they were animal lovers. However, as
the evening’s events unfolded, he didn’t
realize that the call from his manager never came.
Jason was charged with four counts of kidnapping, false
imprisonment, poisoning, and conspiracy to
commit extortion. Additional federal charges are pending.
Page 3 of 3

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DIAGNOSTIC CASE REPORTS 2
DIAGNOSTIC CASE REPORTS 4
Diagnostic Case Reports
Sherry L. Crowe
Dr. Jennifer Hahn
Maladaptive Behavior & Psychopathology
FP6005
April 5, 2017
Running head: DIAGNOSTIC CASE REPORTS 1
Diagnostic Case Reports
Case Report 1
Diagnosis: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Background Information
Observations
Diagnosis
Therapeutic intervention
Case Report 2
Diagnosis: Paranoid Schizophrenia
Background Information
Observations
Diagnosis
Therapeutic Intervention

Schizophrenia and Psychotic DisordersIndividuals with psyc.docx

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