The Schengen Agreement established a passport-free travel zone across most of Europe. It began in 1985 with five countries agreeing to abolish border checks. By 1995, several other countries had joined and fully implemented the Schengen rules, allowing passport-free travel for EU citizens. The Schengen Area now includes 26 European countries and aims to balance open borders with security by sharing law enforcement data and coordinating police activities across members.

1. Today’s topic
Schengen
Recitation Class – Subject of Law
Tutor: Mgr. Sylwia Mazur
Photo by Alinor (talk) / CC BY-SA 3.0

2. Contents
• What is “Schengen”
• Schengen Visa Policy
• Purpose of Schengen
• History of Schengen
• Schengen I
• Schengen II
• Schengen visa types
• Schengen visa exemption

3. Schengen
What does
Schengen
literally mean
Schengen
Visa Policy
Purpose of
Schengen
History of
Schengen

4. Est. year Members Population Area Policy
1995 26 4.2 hundred millions 1,664,911 sq mi European union
Schengen
26 states
6 Potential
countries
Ireland and UK
Opted out
Cyprus,
Romania,
Bulgaria, Croatia
3 special
territories
The Azores,
Madeira, The
Canary Island
3 non Schengen
member with
open borders
Monaco, San
Marino, Vatican
City

5. “Schengen” refers to…
Passport-free zone that covers most of the Europe
Largest passport free travel area in the world (More than 400 million EU
citizens)
Schengen states apply common rules for people entering the EU
(Comprising 26 European states, 22 out of 28 in EU Countries )

6. Schengen Policy
It is a visa policy of the Schengen
area set by the European Union
It applies to the Schengen Area
and to other EU member states
without the opt-outs enjoyed by
Ireland and the UK
To whom other than a EU,
European Economic Area (EEA)
or Swiss citizen wishes to enter the
Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus or Romania they must have
a visa or be a national of a visa-
exempt country.

7. Further info of EEA
• 28 EU states + 3 from EFTA
(Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein)
• Agreement (established in 1st, January1994)
on free movement of persons,
goods, services and capital within
the ESM
• A single market seeks to guarantee the
free movement of goods, capital,
services, labor within the EU
• 28 EU States + 4 EFTA (Switzerland
through bilateral treaties)
EEA Members
EU Single Market

8. Purpose of Schengen
The abolition of
physical borders
among EU
countries
01
In order to speed
up the movement
of people and
goods
02
SIS a greater
information
sharing
03
A greater police
coordination on
the observation
and pursuit of
suspected criminals
04

9. History of
Schengen
Countries insist Time frame
France, Germany, Belgium,
Netherland and Luxembourg
Schengen agreement was
created on 4th June, 1985 in the
town named Schengen,
Luxembourg
France, Germany, Belgium,
Netherland and Luxembourg
Five countries implemented
the Schengen convention on
19th June 1990, meanwhile,
listed out the provisions on
visa and policies
Italy, Portugal, Spain and
Greece intended to join
The concept of Schengen area
been incessantly expanded
1990-1992
France, Germany, Belgium,
Luxembourg, Portugal,
Netherland and Spain
The real implementation
started on 26th March, 1995
-In the early 1990s, the communism collapsed across central and eastern
Europe. While in 1991, the Balkans, Yugoslavia begins to break apart
-7th February, 1992 The Treaty on European Union is signed in Maastricht in
the Netherlands

10. Schengen I
• 1985 – The Schengen Agreement of 1985 was made between the Benelux
Economic Union, the French Republic and the Federal Republic Of
Germany. All of those governments agreed to abolish border check on the
borders that they shared. Instead of stop and search tactics, every vehicle
that had a green visa disc in the windscreen could simply drive on through.
There were still to be guards on the borders to visually check the vehicles as
they crossed into another country. This is commonly known as Schengen I.

11. Schengen II
• The 1990 Schengen Agreement, which is also known as Schengen II. It made
provisions for the complete elimination of border checks over a period of
time.
• They have common rules about entry and short stay visas.
• They have arrangements for co-ordination between the police, customs and
the judiciary in the Schengen area states.

12. Schengen III?
• Several of the Schengen countries — Belgium, Germany, Spain, France,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Austria — signed an agreement in May
2005 known as Schengen III.
• Schengen III calls for the creation of shared national databanks to store
DNA information, fingerprints, and vehicle identification for known or
suspected criminals.

13. Schengen Visa Types
• Person who wish to transit through or stay
• For no more than 90 days in 6 months.
1. Uniform Schengen Visas
• Can only stay n the certain Schengen state.
• Person who are under international obligation or as a
humanitarian reason.
2. Limited territorial validity
• For study or work purpose
• Permanently residing
3. National Visas

14. Visa exemptions
Nationals of 'Annex II' countries and
territories (visa waiver countries)
Look in the slide notes below for topics
to consider talking about
Photo by Alinor (tak) / CC BY-SA 3.0

15. Conclusion
• As Schengen has progressed significantly since the 1980s, it created greater
ease of trade and travel for EU citizens and non-EU citizens alike. However
it brings the possibility for the unauthorized immigrants, criminals and
potentials terrorists.
• The development of Schengen III suggests that integration will continue to
deepen, particularly concerning efforts to combat terrorism and illegal
migration. It is also important that European nations to trust in each other’s
ability to control who is allowed and enjoy these benefits.