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SAP BASIS Simplified Learning with End to End
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- 3. Learning Objectives • Whatthe Basis system is • How does SAP handle a transaction request • Differentiating between the various work processes • Understanding the basic functions of the Basis Module SAP Technical Overview
- 4. SAP Technical Overview TheSoftware-Oriented View of R/3
- 5. SAP Technical Overview TheSAP R/3 System Architecture • Implications for Application Programming – Separate presentation and application layers implies that when you run an application program that requires user interaction, control of the program is continually passed backwards and forwards between layers. – When a screen is ready for user input, the presentation layer is active, and the application server is inactive with regard to that particular program. – As a consequence, the program logic in an application program that occurs between two screens is known as a DIALOG STEP.
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- 7. Application Layer (cont.) ›ApplicationServer R/3 programs run on application servers The APPLICATION SERVER communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using a MESSAGE SERVER. Main components: Work Processes (Dialog, Update, Enqueue, Batch, Spool) Dispatcher Gateway Message Server SAP Technical Overview The SAP R/3 System Architecture
- 8. What happens whenI send a request to SAP?
- 9. Application Server SAP TechnicalOverview Presentation . . . Internet Application Database Communication SAPGUI SAPGUI Internet Office Work- process Work- process Work- process Dispatcher TCP/IP Remote SQL IPC Local Buffer for R/3 Data, DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
- 10. Dispatcher • Program whichmanages resources of the R/3 applications • Receives requests from user and passes them to the corresponding work processes • Only one dispatcher per application server SAP Technical Overview
- 11. Dispatcher Tasks • Balancesthe workload between the processes • Buffer management in main memory • Connection with the presentation level • Organization of the communication processes SAP Technical Overview
- 12. Work Process • Responsiblefor executing R/3 application tasks SAP Technical Overview Database Interface Task Handler ABAP/4 Processor Dialog Interpreter Work Process
- 13. Different Kind ofWork Processes for different Tasks SAP Technical Overview Dialog SAP Dispatcher Batch Spool Update Enqueue S 12 9 6 3 11 1 7 5 8 4 2 10 B M G Message Gateway R/2 R/3 V E
- 14. Dialog Work Processes SAPTechnical Overview Dialog • Responsible for the interactive tasks of the R/3 system • Dialog work processes execute only one dialog step at a time and are immediately freed for the next user request • Constantly switching between users
- 15. Background Work Processes SAPTechnical Overview • Responsible for executing ABAP programs submitted for background execution • Batch jobs schedule the sequence of program execution • Used for running long and time consuming programs Batch 12 9 6 3 11 1 7 5 8 4 2 10 B
- 16. Spool Work Processes SAPTechnical Overview • Responsible for formatting the data for printing and passing it to the host spool system • Only one spool work process allowed per server Spool
- 17. Enqueue Work Processes SAPTechnical Overview • Responsible for the lock management system • Synchronizes database access for the multiple application servers and work processes • Only one enqueue process per R/3 system to ensure data integrity Enqueue E
- 18. Update Work Processes SAPTechnical Overview • Responsible for making database changes requested by dialog and background processes • For better performance, this process should be on the database server Update V
- 19. V1 vs. V2Update Processes SAP Technical Overview • Time-critical processes are inside V1 and less critical ones within V2 • Error situations in – V1 : changes rolled back and V2 components not executed – V2 : only changes of V2 components rolled back Update V
- 20. Message Server SAP TechnicalOverview • Used by different application servers to exchange data and internal messages • Routes messages, such as update or batch job starts, between application servers • One message server per system M Message
- 21. Gateway Server SAP TechnicalOverview • Allows communication between R/3, R/2, and external applications • Exchanges large amounts of information between application servers • Gateway can reside on any of the connected systems G Gateway R/2 R/3
- 22. Work Processes • Numberof work processes can only be changed after restarting the system • Should have at least two dialog work processes • Need to have at least one V1 and V2 processes • Number of spool processes cannot be changed SAP Technical Overview
- 23. Application Server SAP TechnicalOverview Presentation . . . Internet Application Database Communication SAPGUI SAPGUI Internet Office Work- process Work- process Work- process Dispatcher TCP/I P Remote SQL IPC Local Buffer for R/3 Data, DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects
- 24. Processing of aSAP Transaction (1) SAP Technical Overview TCP/I P Presentation . . . Internet Application Database Communication SAPGUI Work- process Work- process Work- process Dispatcher Remote SQL IPC Local Buffer for R/3 Data, DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects Start Transaction Assign User request to Workprocess Fetch data from buffer/database Re- turn data for next step 1 2 3 4 5
- 25. Processing of aSAP Transaction (2) SAP Technical Overview Presentation . . . Internet Application Database Communication SAPGUI Work- process Work- process Work- process Dispatcher TCP/IP Remote SQL IPC Local Buffer for R/3 Data, DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects 1 2 3 5 6 8 Fetch data from buffer/database 9 7 10 Assign User request to Workprocess Re- turn data for next step
- 26. Processing of aSAP Transaction (3) SAP Technical Overview Presentation . . . Internet Application Database Communication SAPGUI Work- process Work- process Work- process Dispatcher TCP/IP Remote SQL IPC Local Buffer for R/3 Data, DW-Objects, ABAP-Objects 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 7 10 11 12 13 14 Update data on database End transaction Request for update
- 27. SAP Communication Interfaces SAPTechnical Overview High Level Low level SAP Technology Communication Interface Communication System Mail MAPI SMTP X.400 EDI Business API RFC CPI-C Q-API IDOC ALE OLE
- 28. Business Framework SAP TechnicalOverview Business Component BAPI ALE BAPI Business Component • Business Component - contains business functionality • BAPI - interface between the components • ALE - integration of components
- 29. Business API (BAPI) SAPTechnical Overview • Defined method of a business object • Standardized methods allow customers to integrate their software with R/3 • Object-oriented in nature • BAPIs from all development platforms that support the SAP Remote Function Call (RFC) protocol
- 30. Other Interfaces SAP TechnicalOverview • Application Link Enabled (ALE) - Interface that links different SAP systems and external application systems – Transport special data structures known as IDOCS (Intermediate Documents) • Object Linking and Enabled (OLE) - enables desktop users to access SAP data from many OLE client programs
- 31. Basic Functions ofBasis
- 32. Basis Functions Hardwareand Database Administration User and Security Administration Client Maintenance Correction and Transport System (CTS) Data Dictionary Online Service System (OSS) Performance Monitoring and Tuning SAP Technical Overview
- 33. Hardware and Database Administration •Hardware upgrades - adding memory or servers • Database backup and recovery • Database optimization • Disaster Recovery SAP Technical Overview
- 34. User Administration • Createusers and assign profiles • Modify, lock and unlock users • Develop authorizations and profiles SAP Technical Overview
- 35. Client Maintenance • Createclients • Copy and refresh clients • Client imports and exports • Delete and remove clients • Modify change options SAP Technical Overview
- 36. Correction and TransportSystem SAP Technical Overview R/3 System R/3 System R/3 System Development Production Quality Assurance Change Request Moving changes from one R/3 system to another
- 37. Online Service System(OSS) OSS is a set of SAP’s online services such as bug fixes and useful implementation information OSS Notes Hotpacks Remote Connections Send questions to SAP ABAP registration SAP Technical Overview
- 38. Performance Monitoring andTuning • Check database usage and storage capabilities • Dialog response time • Investigate ABAP short dumps • Optimize performance characteristics SAP Technical Overview
- 39. Computer Center Management System(CCMS) SAP Technical Overview • Manages the entire system - database, application, operating system • Collection of tools and utilities which allow you to monitor and manage the R/3 system • Allows monitoring of multiple R/3 systems • Comes FREE with each SAP system
- 40. Computer Center Management System(CCMS) functions SAP Technical Overview • Starting and stopping instances • Monitoring and analyzing workload • Alert capabilities • Operation modes and work process automatic reconfiguration • Instance profile checking and maintenance • Logon load balancing