This document contains a sample question paper for economics with 13 questions. It includes 5 questions worth 2 marks each, 5 questions worth 3 marks each, and 3 questions worth 5 marks each. The questions cover a range of economics topics including distinguishing between different types of goods and economic indicators, calculating economic values like income and GDP, comparing economic data between countries, and analyzing economic policies, relationships, and impacts. Students have 2 hours to complete the paper.
In the eyes of CPEC officials, this project is the open opportunity to enhance trade as it will promote bilateral connectivity but it is also very necessary to know that is there any hidden threat in this open opportunity? There are many concerns regarding this project which should be consider, there are so many questions which are still unanswered.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), also known as the One Belt One Road (OBOR) (Chinese: 一带一路) or the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road (Chinese: 丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路), is a development strategy adopted by the Chinese government involving infrastructure development and investments in 152 countries and international organizations in Europe, Asia, Middle East, Latin America and Africa. This paper provides some perspectives from Pakistan. We also discuss the next phase of CPEC.
In the eyes of CPEC officials, this project is the open opportunity to enhance trade as it will promote bilateral connectivity but it is also very necessary to know that is there any hidden threat in this open opportunity? There are many concerns regarding this project which should be consider, there are so many questions which are still unanswered.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), also known as the One Belt One Road (OBOR) (Chinese: 一带一路) or the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road (Chinese: 丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路), is a development strategy adopted by the Chinese government involving infrastructure development and investments in 152 countries and international organizations in Europe, Asia, Middle East, Latin America and Africa. This paper provides some perspectives from Pakistan. We also discuss the next phase of CPEC.
International business1. What is the current status of Pakistan in.pdflohithkart
International business
1. What is the current status of Pakistan in the world market place? support your answer with
research. please give citiation.
2. What is the ease of doing business in Pakistan? support your answer with research. please give
citiation.
3. Are other countries wanting to invest in Pakistan? support your answer with research. please
give citiation.
4. What do you see as the future of your country in the world market place? support your answer
with research. please give citiation.
Solution
Answer 1). According to World Bank report Pakistan ranks fourth in terms of value (4.2 billion
dollars) with the same global market share as Sri Lanka, although apparel’s share of total country
exports is lower at 19 percent. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has not played an important role;
in the apparel sector, the share of foreign-owned firms is estimated to be less than 2 percent, and
only slightly higher in the textile sector. Wages and working conditions are better in the formal
industry than in the large cottage sector, but short term or temporary contracts are widely used,
particularly for women. The September 2012 factory fire in Karachi recently highlighted poor
safety standards in the country. Pakistan can benefit from the following policies: increase
product diversity by reducing barriers on imports so as to ease access to manmade fibers (such as
duty and tax remission for exports, and export processing zones); attract foreign direct
investment (FDI) by adopting policies to reduce red tape and increase transparency to close the
gap with South Asian countries whose textile and apparel industries are located primarily on the
coast; diversify markets by taking advantage of access to emerging markets; shorten lead times
by improving road infrastructure to facilitate access to ports for exporting firms; shorten lead
times by clustering strategies to provide key infrastructure and common facilities; enhance
perceptions of stability as many buyers will not travel to Pakistan, which makes sourcing
complicated.
Answer 2) Pakistan has slipped three places on the Word Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Index
and is now ranked a lowly 147th among 190 economies, denting the government’s pro-business
image ahead of next general elections.
The index is mostly used as a guide by foreign investors to learn more about a country, aiding
decisions on pouring in money in the economy.
Pakistan, however, slipped from its last year’s rating despite the introduction of some reforms in
areas of starting a business and making international trade relatively easier. If one government
department is to be blamed for the overall poor performance, it is the Ministry of Finance, as the
country’s ranking nosedived on the indicators of paying taxes and getting credit.
The World Bank released the Doing Business 2018 report on Tuesday that covers 190 economies
and measures how close each economy is to global best practices in business regulations.
In South Asia, Bhutan.
Re-Engineering the fiscal Budget of PakistanWaqas Siddiqui
The National Budgeting process of Pakistan fails to entertain and cater the national aspiration of the fiscal demands and people, hence severely disappoint year by year the people and the institutions of country every time. To fill this , this paper considers a number of Problem areas in Budgeting Policies, Processes, and Priorities along with concise yet clear indicative studies.
Engineering Procurement & Construction Making India Brick by Brickelithomas202
The EPC market in India has evolved over the last few years with increased project size and complexity. This has increased private clients and entry of several foreign players.
The Infrastructure sector has been the key driver for the Indian economy. The sector is critically important for sustaining the momentum of the economic growth, and the Government has undertaken policy interventions and initiatives to boost the sector.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) received in the construction sector (including townships, housing and built-up infrastructure) from April 2000 to March 2017 is estimated at USD 24.3 billion.
CII, over the years, has been working very closely with stakeholders across the infrastructure verticals to stimulate greater private sector investment. This edition of the Policy Watch focuses on the infrastructure sector.
Journal of Comparative Economics 38 (2010) 34–51Contents lis.docxcroysierkathey
Journal of Comparative Economics 38 (2010) 34–51
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Comparative Economics
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / j c e
Infrastructure development in China: The cases of electricity, highways,
and railways
Chong-En Bai a,b,*, Yingyi Qian a,c
a School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
b National Institute for Fiscal Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
c University of California, Berkeley
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 21 October 2009
Available online 27 October 2009
JEL classification:
H44
L9
O14
R42
R48
Key words:
Infrastructure
Electricity
Highway
Railway
China
0147-5967/$ - see front matter � 2010 Published b
doi:10.1016/j.jce.2009.10.003
* Corresponding author. Address: School of Econo
E-mail addresses: [email protected] (
1 One commonly used approach is to estimate th
infrastructure (for example, Aschauer, 1989; Munnel
(for example, Hulten and Schwab, 1991; Tatom, 1991
Morrison and Schwartz (1996) and Lynde and Richmo
Li (2005) adopts a third approach and uses the chang
return to infrastructure investment. He finds significa
and Fan and Zhang (2004) and they both find positi
infrastructure increases property value (Haughwout, 2
Ying, 1988).
a b s t r a c t
Bai, Chong-En, and Qian, Yingyi—Infrastructure development in China: The cases of elec-
tricity, highways, and railways
This paper considers the development of the electricity, highway, and railway sectors in
China, with special emphasis on investment incentives. Statistical summary of the devel-
opment of these sectors is offered, followed by a detailed description of the institutional
background, including investment and pricing mechanisms. We also analyze investment
incentives based on the institutional background and present our estimates of the rates
of return to investment in these sectors. It is observed that some of the current practices
may serve as useful transitional arrangements even though they are not desirable in the
long run. Journal of Comparative Economics 38 (1) (2010) 34–51. School of Economics and
Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; National Institute for Fiscal
Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; University of California, Berkeley.
� 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association for Comparative Economic
Studies.
1. Introduction
There is a large literature studying the importance of infrastructure to economic development.1 However, there is not
much systematic research on how infrastructure is developed. Many issues are worth consideration. One of these issues is
investment incentives. Infrastructure may yield significant social returns. However, this does not guarantee that investors of
infrastructure projects can get sufficient private return. How can one provide incentives for private investment? If there is
not sufficient private incentive to i ...
CII has been strongly advocating for an Action Agenda towards creating an enabling and integrated policy & regulatory framework, the impact of which could facilitate considerable investments in the Infrastructure sector thus taking India’s Infrastructure story forward.
This issue of Policy Watch takes an in-depth look at the sectoral issues and has outlined some specific recommendations to reinvigorate the growth momentum in the sector.
International business1. What is the current status of Pakistan in.pdflohithkart
International business
1. What is the current status of Pakistan in the world market place? support your answer with
research. please give citiation.
2. What is the ease of doing business in Pakistan? support your answer with research. please give
citiation.
3. Are other countries wanting to invest in Pakistan? support your answer with research. please
give citiation.
4. What do you see as the future of your country in the world market place? support your answer
with research. please give citiation.
Solution
Answer 1). According to World Bank report Pakistan ranks fourth in terms of value (4.2 billion
dollars) with the same global market share as Sri Lanka, although apparel’s share of total country
exports is lower at 19 percent. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has not played an important role;
in the apparel sector, the share of foreign-owned firms is estimated to be less than 2 percent, and
only slightly higher in the textile sector. Wages and working conditions are better in the formal
industry than in the large cottage sector, but short term or temporary contracts are widely used,
particularly for women. The September 2012 factory fire in Karachi recently highlighted poor
safety standards in the country. Pakistan can benefit from the following policies: increase
product diversity by reducing barriers on imports so as to ease access to manmade fibers (such as
duty and tax remission for exports, and export processing zones); attract foreign direct
investment (FDI) by adopting policies to reduce red tape and increase transparency to close the
gap with South Asian countries whose textile and apparel industries are located primarily on the
coast; diversify markets by taking advantage of access to emerging markets; shorten lead times
by improving road infrastructure to facilitate access to ports for exporting firms; shorten lead
times by clustering strategies to provide key infrastructure and common facilities; enhance
perceptions of stability as many buyers will not travel to Pakistan, which makes sourcing
complicated.
Answer 2) Pakistan has slipped three places on the Word Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Index
and is now ranked a lowly 147th among 190 economies, denting the government’s pro-business
image ahead of next general elections.
The index is mostly used as a guide by foreign investors to learn more about a country, aiding
decisions on pouring in money in the economy.
Pakistan, however, slipped from its last year’s rating despite the introduction of some reforms in
areas of starting a business and making international trade relatively easier. If one government
department is to be blamed for the overall poor performance, it is the Ministry of Finance, as the
country’s ranking nosedived on the indicators of paying taxes and getting credit.
The World Bank released the Doing Business 2018 report on Tuesday that covers 190 economies
and measures how close each economy is to global best practices in business regulations.
In South Asia, Bhutan.
Re-Engineering the fiscal Budget of PakistanWaqas Siddiqui
The National Budgeting process of Pakistan fails to entertain and cater the national aspiration of the fiscal demands and people, hence severely disappoint year by year the people and the institutions of country every time. To fill this , this paper considers a number of Problem areas in Budgeting Policies, Processes, and Priorities along with concise yet clear indicative studies.
Engineering Procurement & Construction Making India Brick by Brickelithomas202
The EPC market in India has evolved over the last few years with increased project size and complexity. This has increased private clients and entry of several foreign players.
The Infrastructure sector has been the key driver for the Indian economy. The sector is critically important for sustaining the momentum of the economic growth, and the Government has undertaken policy interventions and initiatives to boost the sector.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) received in the construction sector (including townships, housing and built-up infrastructure) from April 2000 to March 2017 is estimated at USD 24.3 billion.
CII, over the years, has been working very closely with stakeholders across the infrastructure verticals to stimulate greater private sector investment. This edition of the Policy Watch focuses on the infrastructure sector.
Journal of Comparative Economics 38 (2010) 34–51Contents lis.docxcroysierkathey
Journal of Comparative Economics 38 (2010) 34–51
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Comparative Economics
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / j c e
Infrastructure development in China: The cases of electricity, highways,
and railways
Chong-En Bai a,b,*, Yingyi Qian a,c
a School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
b National Institute for Fiscal Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
c University of California, Berkeley
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 21 October 2009
Available online 27 October 2009
JEL classification:
H44
L9
O14
R42
R48
Key words:
Infrastructure
Electricity
Highway
Railway
China
0147-5967/$ - see front matter � 2010 Published b
doi:10.1016/j.jce.2009.10.003
* Corresponding author. Address: School of Econo
E-mail addresses: [email protected] (
1 One commonly used approach is to estimate th
infrastructure (for example, Aschauer, 1989; Munnel
(for example, Hulten and Schwab, 1991; Tatom, 1991
Morrison and Schwartz (1996) and Lynde and Richmo
Li (2005) adopts a third approach and uses the chang
return to infrastructure investment. He finds significa
and Fan and Zhang (2004) and they both find positi
infrastructure increases property value (Haughwout, 2
Ying, 1988).
a b s t r a c t
Bai, Chong-En, and Qian, Yingyi—Infrastructure development in China: The cases of elec-
tricity, highways, and railways
This paper considers the development of the electricity, highway, and railway sectors in
China, with special emphasis on investment incentives. Statistical summary of the devel-
opment of these sectors is offered, followed by a detailed description of the institutional
background, including investment and pricing mechanisms. We also analyze investment
incentives based on the institutional background and present our estimates of the rates
of return to investment in these sectors. It is observed that some of the current practices
may serve as useful transitional arrangements even though they are not desirable in the
long run. Journal of Comparative Economics 38 (1) (2010) 34–51. School of Economics and
Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; National Institute for Fiscal
Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; University of California, Berkeley.
� 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association for Comparative Economic
Studies.
1. Introduction
There is a large literature studying the importance of infrastructure to economic development.1 However, there is not
much systematic research on how infrastructure is developed. Many issues are worth consideration. One of these issues is
investment incentives. Infrastructure may yield significant social returns. However, this does not guarantee that investors of
infrastructure projects can get sufficient private return. How can one provide incentives for private investment? If there is
not sufficient private incentive to i ...
CII has been strongly advocating for an Action Agenda towards creating an enabling and integrated policy & regulatory framework, the impact of which could facilitate considerable investments in the Infrastructure sector thus taking India’s Infrastructure story forward.
This issue of Policy Watch takes an in-depth look at the sectoral issues and has outlined some specific recommendations to reinvigorate the growth momentum in the sector.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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1. SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
MM: 40
General Instructions:
This is a Subjective Question Paper
This paper contains 5 questions of 2 marks each, 5 questions of 3 marks each and 3 questions of 5 marks
each.
2 marks questions are Short Answer Type
3 marks questions are Short Answer Type
5 marks questions are Long Answer Type
This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.
Q.No.
1 Distinguish between Final Goods and Intermediate Goods.
Distinguish between positive externalities and negative externalities.
2 Calculate equilibrium level of income for a hypothetical economy, for which it is given that:
a) Autonomous Investments =
b) Consumption function, C = 100 + 0.80Y
Calculate Change in Income (ΔY) for a hypothetical economy
a) Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) = 0.8, and
b) Change in Investment (ΔI)
3 ‘As the income increases, people tend to save more’. Justify the given statement.
4 State and discuss any two indicators that
Compare and analyze the ‘Women Worker Population Ratio’ in
on following information:
5 ‘Investment in infrastructure contributes
Justify the given statement with a valid
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
ECONOMICS (030)
Class XII (TERM II) 2021-22
Time: 2 Hours
This is a Subjective Question Paper containing 13 questions.
This paper contains 5 questions of 2 marks each, 5 questions of 3 marks each and 3 questions of 5 marks
2 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 30
3 marks questions are Short Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 50
5 marks questions are Long Answer Type Questions and are to be answered in 80
This question paper contains Case/Source Based Questions.
QUESTIONS
Distinguish between Final Goods and Intermediate Goods.
Or
Distinguish between positive externalities and negative externalities.
Calculate equilibrium level of income for a hypothetical economy, for which it is given that:
Autonomous Investments = ₹ 500 crores, and
Consumption function, C = 100 + 0.80Y
Or
Calculate Change in Income (ΔY) for a hypothetical economy. Given that:
Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) = 0.8, and
nvestment (ΔI) = ₹1,000 crores
‘As the income increases, people tend to save more’. Justify the given statement.
State and discuss any two indicators that help in measuring the health status of a country.
Or
Compare and analyze the ‘Women Worker Population Ratio’ in Rural and Urban
‘Investment in infrastructure contributes to the economic development of a country.’
with a valid argument.
Page | 1
2 Hours
This paper contains 5 questions of 2 marks each, 5 questions of 3 marks each and 3 questions of 5 marks
and are to be answered in 30-50 words.
e to be answered in 50-80 words.
and are to be answered in 80-120 words.
MARKS
2
2
Calculate equilibrium level of income for a hypothetical economy, for which it is given that:
2
2
‘As the income increases, people tend to save more’. Justify the given statement. 2
in measuring the health status of a country.
rban areas based
2
development of a country.’ 2
2. 6 Giving valid reasons explain which of the following will not be included in estimation of
National Income of India?
a) Purchase of shares of X. Ltd. by an investor in the National Stock Exchange.
b) Salaries paid by the French
housekeeping department.
c) Compensation paid by the Government of India to the victims of floods.
Or
Estimate the value of Nominal Gross Domestic Product for a hypothetical economy, the value
of Real Gross Domestic Product and Price Index are given as
respectively.
7 Study the following information and compare the Economies of India and Singapore on the
grounds of ‘Investment in infrastructure as a percentage of GDP’
Read the following text carefully and answer question number 8 and 9 given below:
SINO-PAK FRIENDSHIP CORRIDOR
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
relationship between the two nations. But it has also sparked criticism for burdening Pakistan
with mountains of debt and allowing China to use its debt
strategic assets of Pakistan.
The foundations of CPEC, part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, were laid in May 2013.
At the time, Pakistan was reeling under weak economic growth. China committed to play an
integral role in supporting Pakistan’s economy.
Pakistan and China have a strategic relationship that goes back decades. Pakistan turned to
China at a time when it needed a rapid increase in external financing to meet critical
investments in hard infrastructure, particularly power plants and highways. CPEC’s early
Giving valid reasons explain which of the following will not be included in estimation of
Purchase of shares of X. Ltd. by an investor in the National Stock Exchange.
by the French Embassy, New Delhi to the local workers of the
housekeeping department.
Compensation paid by the Government of India to the victims of floods.
Estimate the value of Nominal Gross Domestic Product for a hypothetical economy, the value
Domestic Product and Price Index are given as ₹500 crores and 125
Study the following information and compare the Economies of India and Singapore on the
grounds of ‘Investment in infrastructure as a percentage of GDP’
Read the following text carefully and answer question number 8 and 9 given below:
PAK FRIENDSHIP CORRIDOR
Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has deepened the decades
relationship between the two nations. But it has also sparked criticism for burdening Pakistan
with mountains of debt and allowing China to use its debt-trap diplomacy to gain access to
The foundations of CPEC, part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, were laid in May 2013.
At the time, Pakistan was reeling under weak economic growth. China committed to play an
integral role in supporting Pakistan’s economy.
a strategic relationship that goes back decades. Pakistan turned to
China at a time when it needed a rapid increase in external financing to meet critical
in hard infrastructure, particularly power plants and highways. CPEC’s early
Page | 2
Giving valid reasons explain which of the following will not be included in estimation of
Purchase of shares of X. Ltd. by an investor in the National Stock Exchange.
Embassy, New Delhi to the local workers of the
Compensation paid by the Government of India to the victims of floods.
Estimate the value of Nominal Gross Domestic Product for a hypothetical economy, the value
₹500 crores and 125
3
3
Study the following information and compare the Economies of India and Singapore on the
3
Read the following text carefully and answer question number 8 and 9 given below:
has deepened the decades-long strategic
relationship between the two nations. But it has also sparked criticism for burdening Pakistan
to gain access to
The foundations of CPEC, part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, were laid in May 2013.
At the time, Pakistan was reeling under weak economic growth. China committed to play an
a strategic relationship that goes back decades. Pakistan turned to
China at a time when it needed a rapid increase in external financing to meet critical
in hard infrastructure, particularly power plants and highways. CPEC’s early
3. Page | 3
harvest projects met this need, leading to a dramatic increase in Pakistan’s power generation
capacity, bringing an end to supply-side constraints that had made rolling blackouts a regular
occurrence across the country.
Pakistan leaned into CPEC, leveraging Chinese financing and technical assistance in an
attempt to end power shortages that had paralyzed its country’s economy. Years later,
China’s influence in Pakistan has increased at an unimaginable pace.
China As Pakistan’s Largest Bilateral Creditor: China’s ability to exert influence on
Pakistan’s economy has grown substantially in recent years, mainly due to the fact that
Beijing is now Islamabad’s largest creditor. According to documents released by Pakistan’s
finance ministry, Pakistan’s total public and publicly guaranteed external debt stood at $44.35
billion in June 2013, just 9.3 percent of which was owed to China. By April 2021, this
external debt had ballooned to $90.12 billion, with Pakistan owing 27.4 percent —$24.7
billion — of its total external debt to China, according to the International Monetary Fund
(IMF).
Additionally, China provided financial and technical expertise to help Pakistan build its road
infrastructure, expanding north-south connectivity to improve the efficiency of moving goods
from Karachi all the way to Gilgit-Baltistan (POK). These investments were critical in better
integrating the country’s ports, especially Karachi, with urban centers in Punjab and Khyber-
Pakhtunkhwa provinces.
Despite power asymmetries between China and Pakistan, the latter still has tremendous
agency in determining its own policies, even if such policies come at the expense of the long-
term socioeconomic welfare of Pakistani citizens.
(https://www.usip.org/publications/2021/05/pakistans-growing-problem-its-china-economic-corridor - Modified)
8 Outline and discuss any two economic advantages of China Pakistan Economic Corridor
(CPEC) accruing to the economy of Pakistan.
3
9 Analyse the implication of bilateral ‘debt-trap’ situation of Pakistan vis-à-vis the Chinese
Economy.
3
10 Explain how ‘Non-Monetary Exchanges’ impact the use of Gross Domestic Product as an
index of economic welfare.
3
4. Page | 4
11 ‘Monetary measures offer a valid solution to the problem of Inflationary gap in an economy’.
State and discuss any two monetary measures to justify the given statement.
5
12 a) From the following data calculate the value of Domestic Income:
S.No. ITEMS Amount
(in ₹ Crores)
i) Compensation of Employees 2,000
ii) Rent and Interest 800
iii) Indirect Taxes 120
iv) Corporate Tax 460
v) Consumption of Fixed Capital 100
vi) Subsidies 20
vii) Dividend 940
viii) Undistributed Profits 300
ix) Net Factor Income from Abroad 150
x) Mixed Income of Self Employed 200
b) Distinguish between ‘Value of Output’ and ‘Value Added’.
Or
a) Given the following data, find Net Value Added at Factor Cost by Sambhav (a farmer)
producing Wheat:
Items (₹ in crore)
i) Sale of wheat by the farmer in the local market 6800
ii) Purchase of Tractor 5000
iii) Procurement of wheat by the Government from the farmer 200
iv) Consumption of wheat by the farming family during the Year 50
v) Expenditure on the maintenance of existing capital stock 100
vi) Subsidy 20
b) State any two components of ‘Net Factor Income from Abroad’.
3
2
3
2
13 a) ‘Pesticides are chemical compounds designed to kill pests. Many pesticides can also pose
health risks to people even if exposed to nominal quantities. ‘
In the light of the above statement, suggest any two traditional methods for replacement of
the chemical pesticides.
b) ‘In recent times the Indian Economy has experienced the problem of Casualisation of the
workforce. This problem has only been aggravated by the outbreak of COVID-19.’
Do you agree with the given statement? Discuss any two disadvantages of casualisation of the
workforce in the light of the above statement.
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