2. INTRODUCTION
Personal selling is where businesses use
people (the “sales force”) to sell the product
after meeting face-to-face with the
customer. The sellers promote the product
through their attitude, appearance and
specialist product knowledge. They aim to
inform and encourage the customer to buy, or
at least try the product.
3. • Personal selling Interpersonal influence process
involving a seller’s promotional presentation
conducted on a person-to-person basis with the buyer.
• Sixteen million people in the U.S. are employed in
sales.
• Personal selling is the single largest marketing
expense in many firms.
It is the oral presentation in a conversation with one or
more prospective purchasers for the purpose of
making sales; it is the ability to persuade people to buy
goods & services at a profit to the seller and benefit to
the buyer
4. Nature of Personal Selling
It involves direct personal contact between the
seller and the buyer.
It is face to face and oral communication
It is the art of persuasion that converts human
needs into demand.
It is the science of winning the buyer’s
confidence in the seller and his product.
It is an art as well as science.
5. It involves contact with a limited number of
buyers
It requires a flexible approach as different
people react differently.
Real purpose is not to trap customers but to
buikd a mutually advantageous and
premanent relationship
7. Importance of personal selling
Benefits of consumers
Benefits to businessmen
Benefits to society
8. THE SALES PROCESS
As a part of selling activities, if salespeople follow the steps
or phases shown below, their chances of success are far
better.
Prospecting &
Qualifying
Preapproach /
Precall planning
Approach
Presentation &
Demonstration
Follow-up &
Service
Trail close /
Closing the sale
Overcoming
Objections
• The sequence of above steps may change to meet the
sales situation in hand.
• Some of the above steps may not be applicable for selling
to the trade
• We now discuss application of above steps to industrial
9. STEPS OF THE SALES
PROCESS
Prospecting
Preapproach
Approach
Presentation & Demonstration
Overcoming objections
Trial Close/ Closing the sale
Follow-up & Service
11. PROSPECTING
It is the method or system by which
salespeople learn the names of people who
need the product and can afford it.
2 STEPS IN PROSPECTING:
1. Generating leads
2. Qualifying leads
12. IDENTIFYING LEADS
Referrals from customers
Referrals from internal company sources
Referrals from external referral agencies
Published directories
Networking by the salesperson
Cold canvassing
13. QUALIFYING LEADS
The customer has a need for the products
which are being sold
The customer can afford to buy the products
The customer is receptive to being called upon
by the salesperson
HOT PROSPECTS
WARM PROSPECTS
COOL PROSPECTS
15. 1. Information gathering about the
prospect.
Sources of information: the Internet,
industrial directories, government
publications, intermediaries, etc.
2. Precall planning/Planning sales call
3. Setting Call Objectives
4. Tentative planning of sales strategy:
which products, features and benefits
may meet the customer needs
17. Make an appointment to meet the prospect
Make favorable first impression
Select an approach technique:
• Introductory
• Customer benefit
• Product
• Question
• Praise
The approach takes a few minutes of a call, but
it can make or break a sale
19. There are four components:
1. Understanding the buyer’s needs
2. Knowing sales presentation methods /
strategies
3. Developing an effective presentation
4. Using demonstration as a tool for selling
We will examine each of the above points
20. 1. Understanding the buyer’s needs
Firms and consumers buy products /
services to satisfy needs
To understand buyer’s needs, ask
questions and listen
In business situations, problem
identification and impact questions are
important
21. Situational Questions: who are involved in
buying decision making?
Problem identification Questions: Have you
experienced any problems on quality and
delivery from the existing supplies?
Problem impact questions: What impact the
quality and delivery problems will have on
your costs and customer satisfaction?
Solution value questions: How would an
error free system help?
Confirmation question: would you be
interested in our services to minimize
22. 2. Knowing Sales Presentation Methods/Strategies
Firms have developed different methods / styles / strategies of sales
presentation
Stimulus response method / canned approach.
• It is a memorised sales talk or a prepared sales presentation.
• The sales person talks without knowing the prospect’s needs.
E.G. Used by tele-marketing people
Formula method / formulated approach.
• It is also based on stimulus response thinking that all
prospects are similar.
• The salesperson uses a standard formula – AIDA (attention,
interest, desire, and action).
• It is used if time is short and prospects are similar.
• Shortcomings are: prospects’ needs are not uncovered and
uses same standard formula for different prospects.
23. Sales Presentation Methods (Continued)
Need – satisfaction method
• Interactive sales presentation
• First find prospect’s needs, by asking questions and
listening
• Use FAB approach: Features, Advantages, Benefits
• Effective method, as it focuses on customers
Consultative selling method / Problem-solving
approach
• Salespeople use cross-functional expertise
• Firms adopt team selling approach
• It is used by software / consulting firms
Team selling method
24. 3. Developing an Effective Presentation
Some of the guidelines are:
Plan the sales call
Adopt presentation to the situation and person
Communicate the benefits of the purchase
Present relevant and limited information at a
time
Use the prospect’s language
Make the presentation convincing – give
evidence
Use technology like multi-media presentation
25. 4. Using Demonstration
Sales presentation can be improved by
demonstration
Demonstration is one of the important selling
tools EGs: Test drive of cars; demonstration of
industrial products in use
Benefits of using demonstration for selling are:
• Buyers’ objections are cleared
• Improves the buyer’s purchasing interest
• Helps to find specific benefits of the prospect
• The prospect can experience the benefit
26. PRODUCT
DEMONSTRATIONS
A good sales presentation is built around a
forceful product demonstration. Reps should
demonstrate everything possible during the
presentation. Today there are numerous
softwares which can be used with laptops to
make product demonstrations easier.
27. DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE
SALES PRESENTATIONS
Keep the presentation simple
Talk the prospect’s language
Stress the application of the product or service
to the prospect’s situation
Seek credibility at every turn
29. MEETING OBJECTIONS
Objections are encountered in practically
every presentation. They should be welcomed
because they indicate that the prospect has
some interest in the proposition. There are
several techniques that should be used in
responding to a buyer objection.
30. Overcoming Sales Objections / Resistances
Objections take place during presentations /
when the order is asked
Two types of sales objections:
• Psychological / hidden
• Logical (real or practical)
31. Methods for handling and
overcoming objections
ASK QUESTIONS:
Buyer: It seems price of your product is higher
than competitors
Salesperson: I accept your concern. Do you
want to know why is it so?
TURN AN OBJECTION INTO A BENEFIT,
Buyer: delivery time 4 week is too long. We want to
finish installation in 5 weeks
Salesperson: I appreciate your point but the
equipment is specially designed to your specific
needs. We will deliver in 4th week and will finish
installation in 5th week
32. DENY OBJECTIONS TACTFULLY
Buyer: I don’t want to buy this car as my friend
told me that it has lot of problems
Salesperson: yes I agree it happened two years
ago but then we replaced n resolved all those
problems. In last year our car is the highest
selling car
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATE,
COMPENSATION
34. Trial close checks the attitude or opinion of
the prospect, before closing the sale (or
asking for the order)
If the response to trial close question is
favorable, then the salesperson should
close the sale
Some of the techniques used for closing
the sale are: (a) alternative-choice, (b)
minor points, (c) assumptive, (d) summary-
of-benefits, (e) T-account, (f) special-offer,
(g) probability, and (h) negotiation
36. FOLLOW-UP
Reps must learn that the sale is not over when
they get the order. Good sales reps follow up
in various ways. They make certain that they
have answered all the buyer’s questions and
that the buyer understands the details of the
contract.
37. Necessary for customer satisfaction
Successful salespeople follow-up in
different ways: For example,
• Check order details
• Follow through delivery schedule
• Visit when the product is delivered
• Build long-term relationship
• Arrange warranty service
38. Negotiation
Salespeople, particularly in business to business selling,
need negotiating skills
When to negotiate?
(a) When the buyer puts certain conditions for buying to
the seller, (b) When agreement between the buyer and
the seller is needed on several factors, (c) When the
product is customised, (d) When the final price is to be
decided
How to prepare for negotiation?
(a) planning, (b) building relationship, (c) purpose
Styles of negotiation
(a) I win, you lose, (b) Both of us win (or win-win style),
39. Transactional and Relationship
selling
Parameters Transactional Relationship
Objective Get the order or
sales
Become sole or
preferred supplier
Focus Sales
presentation,
overcoming
objections and
closing
Building trust &
superior customer
service
Customer type
and number
Many customers
with low profit
potential
Few high profit
potential
customers
Length of
relationship
Short (days) Long(
month/years)
40. Transactional and Relationship
selling
Parameters Transactional Relationship
Sales team One or two junior
level sales people
Team selling with
3 to 5 junior and
senior level
people
Selling efforts Low to medium,
involving few
functions
High, involving
many functions
Pricing Strategy Competitive or
lowest prices to
get sales
Mutually
acceptable prices
for profits or
mutual benefits
41. Value Added Selling
Focus is on complete understanding of the
present and future needs of the customer, and
meeting those needs better than competitors,
so as to obtain maximum share of the
customer’s business.