Running Head: Final Project
Final Project
Final Project
Sandy Pennington
Southern New Hampshire University
Final Project
Introduction
The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS) is a “member” of the autonomic nervous system, which also comprise the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Sympathetic Nervous System (ENS). Occasionally referred to as the rest and digest system, PSNS is critical in conserving energy because it slows down the heart rate, upsurges intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the importance of this system, understanding its components and mechanism is key to psychologists, biologists, and other related specialists. There is plenty of work about it already. Nonetheless, there are still a couple of gaps of knowledge about several of its elements, contrivances, processes. The current study seeks to bridge some of these gaps covered in the research questions sections below.
Research Questions
What happens during lover’s touch, cuddling and massage in the Parasympathetic Nervous System.
Is there any relationship between the acts of touching, hugging, cuddling, and massage and good health?
What is positive about the parasympathetic nervous system being activated?
Literature Review
The Parasympathetic Nervous System and the lover’s touch and its associated mechanisms are not new concepts in research. Numerous scholars, theorists, and researcher have already contemplated about them but particularly separately. Pichon and Chapelot (2010) explored the homeostatic significance of the parasympathetic nervous system in the behavior of people. The researchers theorized and confirmed that the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reflects organisms’ capacities to assimilate metabolic and behavioral demands, thereby improving its homeostasis adeptness. Lover’s touch, touch through cuddling, and touch through massage all trigger some human behavior. In this study, the work of Pichon and Chapelot (2010) will be helpful in establishing how PSNS facilitates the integration of human behaviors associated with the touches.
Hurley (2018), on the other hand examined the activation mechanism of the Parasympathetic Nervous System. According to the author, the PSNS decreases anxiety and stress. Hurley (2018) also explored how the mechanism mitigates and controls these mental defects and also discussed some of the ways of activating PSNS, which include by touching the lips gently, being mindful (avoiding multitasking), and by using visualization. In this research, this work will help to establish knowledge on happens when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated.
Elsewhere, Penn Medicine (2018) had a look at the health effect of cuddling, snuggling, holding hands, touching, kissing, and hugging and established that they produce more than just magical moments as they can essentially enhance overall health. The report found that science shows that these touches hel ...
Sheet13.183.203.273.30Running Head THE PARASYMPATHETI.docxedgar6wallace88877
Sheet1
3.18
3.20
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3.30
Running Head: THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND TOUCH 1
THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND TOUCH 1
The Parasympathetic Nervous System and Touch ( Milestone 1)
Sandy Pennington
Southern New Hampshire University
The Parasympathetic Nervous System and Touch
Introduction
The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS) is a “member” of the autonomic nervous system, which also comprise the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Sympathetic Nervous System (ENS). Occasionally referred to as the rest and digest system, PSNS is critical in conserving energy because it slows down the heart rate, upsurges intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the importance of this system, understanding its components and mechanism is key to psychologists, biologists, and other related specialists. There is plenty of work about it already. Nonetheless, there are still a couple of gaps of knowledge about several of its elements, contrivances, processes. The current study seeks to bridge some of these gaps covered in the research questions sections below.
Research Questions
What happens during lover’s touch, cuddling and massage in the Parasympathetic Nervous System.
Is there any relationship between the acts of touching, hugging, cuddling, and massage and good health?
What is positive about the parasympathetic nervous system being activated?
Literature Review
The Parasympathetic Nervous System and the lover’s touch and its associated mechanisms are not new concepts in research. Numerous scholars, theorists, and researcher have already contemplated about them but particularly separately. Pichon and Chapelot (2010) explored the homeostatic significance of the parasympathetic nervous system in the behavior of people. The researchers theorized and confirmed that the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reflects organisms’ capacities to assimilate metabolic and behavioral demands, thereby improving its homeostasis adeptness. Lover’s touch, touch through cuddling, and touch through massage all trigger some human behavior. In this study, the work of Pichon and Chapelot (2010) will be helpful in establishing how PSNS facilitates the integration of human behaviors associated with the touches.
Hurley (2018), on the other hand examined the activation mechanism of the Parasympathetic Nervous System. According to the author, the PSNS decreases anxiety and stress. Hurley (2018) also explored how the mechanism mitigates and controls these mental defects and also discussed some of the ways of activating PSNS, which include by touching the lips gently, being mindful (avoiding multitasking), and by using visualization. In this research, this work will help to establish knowledge on happens when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated.
Elsewhere, Penn Medicine (2018) had a look at the health effect of cuddling, snuggling, holding hands, touching, kissing, and hugging and established.
Presentation on Therapeutic Concepts of Tantra and Orgasmic Yoga at NSpine 2019 on July 2, 2019 in London, United Kingdom.
About Dr. Martha Tara Lee
Dr. Martha Tara Lee is Relationship Counselor and Clinical Sexologist of Eros Coaching. She is a certified sexuality educator with AASECT (American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists) as well as certified sexologist with ACS (American College of Sexologists). Martha holds a Doctorate in Human Sexuality, Masters in Counseling, Certificates in Sex Therapy, Practical Counselling and Life Coaching, as well as two other degrees. She was recognised as one of ¡®Top 50 Inspiring Women under 40¡ä by Her World Singapore in July 2010 and ¡®Top 100 Inspiring Women by CozyCot Singapore in March 2011.
Subscribe so you don't miss a thing! http://www.ErosCoaching.com
Social media links
https://www.facebook.com/eroscoaching
https://twitter.com/drmarthalee
https://www.linkedin.com/in/leemartha
Programs
Ready Get Sex Go http://www.eroscoaching.com/rgsg
Sex Jumpstart http://www.eroscoaching.com/sex-jumpstart
Tongue Twisters http://www.eroscoaching.com/tongue-twisters
Sex Possible http://www.eroscoaching.com/sex-possible
Clean and Clear http://www.eroscoaching.com/clean-and-clear
Books
Orgasmic Yoga: Masturbation, Meditation and Everything In-Between https://www.amazon.com/Orgasmic-Yoga-Masturbation-Meditation-Between/dp/1515118193
Love, Sex and Everything In Between https://www.amazon.com/Love-Sex-Everything-Between-Martha/dp/9814484199/ref=reg_hu-rd_add_1_dp
From Princess to Queen http://www.eroscoaching.com/queen
{Un}Inhihibited http://www.uninhibited.asia
Provide a 1-page description of a stressful event currently occurr.docxamrit47
Provide a 1-page description of a stressful event currently occurring in your life. Then, referring to information you learned throughout this course, address the following:
· What physiological changes occur in the brain due to the stress response?
· What emotional and cognitive effects might occur due to this stressful situation?
· Would the above changes (physiological, cognitive, or emotional) be any different if the same stress were being experienced by a person of the opposite sex or someone much older or younger than you?
· If the situation continues, how might your physical health be affected?
· What three behavioral strategies would you implement to reduce the effects of this stressor? Describe each strategy. Explain how each behavior could cause changes in brain physiology (e.g., exercise can raise serotonin levels).
· If you were encouraging an adult client to make the above changes, what ethical considerations would you have to keep in mind? How would you address those ethical considerations?
In addition to citing the online course and the text, you are also required to cite a minimum of two scholarly sources. Please see the Academic Resources section under Course Home to use the Argosy University online library to find appropriate scholarly sources. For reputable web sources, look for .gov or .edu sites as opposed to .com sites. Please do not use Wikipedia.
Your paper should be double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman font, and with normal 1-inch margins; written in APA style; and free of typographical and grammatical errors. It should include a title page with a running head, an abstract, and a reference page. The body of the paper should be at least 6 pages in length
Stress hormones increase blood pressure and have various other effects on the body that might not be adaptive over long periods.
Selye proposed the concept of the general adaptation syndrome to account for the effect of stress on the body
Currently, there are two primary systems for the classification of psychological disorders—The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), and The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) (World Health Organization, 1992).
Major depressive disorder is characterized by a lowering of mood, energy, and activity that results in significant distress or impairment in life. There is much research focusing on imbalances in the monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) in people suffering from depressive disorders
In the brain, the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex show structural and functional abnormalities in people with depression.
Bipolar disorder is characterized by an extremely elevated mood with increases in activity and energy (manic phase) followed by an equally low mood with decreases in activity and energy (depressive phase), resulting in significant distress or imp ...
Kiran and Kawalinder K. Girgla, Richa Ghay and Anterpreet K Arora
International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences (http://www.cibtech.org/jms/htm), 2011 Vol. 1 (1) September-December, 139-143
Hendricks, la velle counseling modalities nfjca v3 n1 2014William Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. LaVelle Henricks, Texas A&M University-Commerce and colleagues published in national refereed journal.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System.
Sheet13.183.203.273.30Running Head THE PARASYMPATHETI.docxedgar6wallace88877
Sheet1
3.18
3.20
3.27
3.30
Running Head: THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND TOUCH 1
THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND TOUCH 1
The Parasympathetic Nervous System and Touch ( Milestone 1)
Sandy Pennington
Southern New Hampshire University
The Parasympathetic Nervous System and Touch
Introduction
The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS) is a “member” of the autonomic nervous system, which also comprise the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Sympathetic Nervous System (ENS). Occasionally referred to as the rest and digest system, PSNS is critical in conserving energy because it slows down the heart rate, upsurges intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the importance of this system, understanding its components and mechanism is key to psychologists, biologists, and other related specialists. There is plenty of work about it already. Nonetheless, there are still a couple of gaps of knowledge about several of its elements, contrivances, processes. The current study seeks to bridge some of these gaps covered in the research questions sections below.
Research Questions
What happens during lover’s touch, cuddling and massage in the Parasympathetic Nervous System.
Is there any relationship between the acts of touching, hugging, cuddling, and massage and good health?
What is positive about the parasympathetic nervous system being activated?
Literature Review
The Parasympathetic Nervous System and the lover’s touch and its associated mechanisms are not new concepts in research. Numerous scholars, theorists, and researcher have already contemplated about them but particularly separately. Pichon and Chapelot (2010) explored the homeostatic significance of the parasympathetic nervous system in the behavior of people. The researchers theorized and confirmed that the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reflects organisms’ capacities to assimilate metabolic and behavioral demands, thereby improving its homeostasis adeptness. Lover’s touch, touch through cuddling, and touch through massage all trigger some human behavior. In this study, the work of Pichon and Chapelot (2010) will be helpful in establishing how PSNS facilitates the integration of human behaviors associated with the touches.
Hurley (2018), on the other hand examined the activation mechanism of the Parasympathetic Nervous System. According to the author, the PSNS decreases anxiety and stress. Hurley (2018) also explored how the mechanism mitigates and controls these mental defects and also discussed some of the ways of activating PSNS, which include by touching the lips gently, being mindful (avoiding multitasking), and by using visualization. In this research, this work will help to establish knowledge on happens when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated.
Elsewhere, Penn Medicine (2018) had a look at the health effect of cuddling, snuggling, holding hands, touching, kissing, and hugging and established.
Presentation on Therapeutic Concepts of Tantra and Orgasmic Yoga at NSpine 2019 on July 2, 2019 in London, United Kingdom.
About Dr. Martha Tara Lee
Dr. Martha Tara Lee is Relationship Counselor and Clinical Sexologist of Eros Coaching. She is a certified sexuality educator with AASECT (American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists) as well as certified sexologist with ACS (American College of Sexologists). Martha holds a Doctorate in Human Sexuality, Masters in Counseling, Certificates in Sex Therapy, Practical Counselling and Life Coaching, as well as two other degrees. She was recognised as one of ¡®Top 50 Inspiring Women under 40¡ä by Her World Singapore in July 2010 and ¡®Top 100 Inspiring Women by CozyCot Singapore in March 2011.
Subscribe so you don't miss a thing! http://www.ErosCoaching.com
Social media links
https://www.facebook.com/eroscoaching
https://twitter.com/drmarthalee
https://www.linkedin.com/in/leemartha
Programs
Ready Get Sex Go http://www.eroscoaching.com/rgsg
Sex Jumpstart http://www.eroscoaching.com/sex-jumpstart
Tongue Twisters http://www.eroscoaching.com/tongue-twisters
Sex Possible http://www.eroscoaching.com/sex-possible
Clean and Clear http://www.eroscoaching.com/clean-and-clear
Books
Orgasmic Yoga: Masturbation, Meditation and Everything In-Between https://www.amazon.com/Orgasmic-Yoga-Masturbation-Meditation-Between/dp/1515118193
Love, Sex and Everything In Between https://www.amazon.com/Love-Sex-Everything-Between-Martha/dp/9814484199/ref=reg_hu-rd_add_1_dp
From Princess to Queen http://www.eroscoaching.com/queen
{Un}Inhihibited http://www.uninhibited.asia
Provide a 1-page description of a stressful event currently occurr.docxamrit47
Provide a 1-page description of a stressful event currently occurring in your life. Then, referring to information you learned throughout this course, address the following:
· What physiological changes occur in the brain due to the stress response?
· What emotional and cognitive effects might occur due to this stressful situation?
· Would the above changes (physiological, cognitive, or emotional) be any different if the same stress were being experienced by a person of the opposite sex or someone much older or younger than you?
· If the situation continues, how might your physical health be affected?
· What three behavioral strategies would you implement to reduce the effects of this stressor? Describe each strategy. Explain how each behavior could cause changes in brain physiology (e.g., exercise can raise serotonin levels).
· If you were encouraging an adult client to make the above changes, what ethical considerations would you have to keep in mind? How would you address those ethical considerations?
In addition to citing the online course and the text, you are also required to cite a minimum of two scholarly sources. Please see the Academic Resources section under Course Home to use the Argosy University online library to find appropriate scholarly sources. For reputable web sources, look for .gov or .edu sites as opposed to .com sites. Please do not use Wikipedia.
Your paper should be double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman font, and with normal 1-inch margins; written in APA style; and free of typographical and grammatical errors. It should include a title page with a running head, an abstract, and a reference page. The body of the paper should be at least 6 pages in length
Stress hormones increase blood pressure and have various other effects on the body that might not be adaptive over long periods.
Selye proposed the concept of the general adaptation syndrome to account for the effect of stress on the body
Currently, there are two primary systems for the classification of psychological disorders—The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), and The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) (World Health Organization, 1992).
Major depressive disorder is characterized by a lowering of mood, energy, and activity that results in significant distress or impairment in life. There is much research focusing on imbalances in the monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) in people suffering from depressive disorders
In the brain, the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex show structural and functional abnormalities in people with depression.
Bipolar disorder is characterized by an extremely elevated mood with increases in activity and energy (manic phase) followed by an equally low mood with decreases in activity and energy (depressive phase), resulting in significant distress or imp ...
Kiran and Kawalinder K. Girgla, Richa Ghay and Anterpreet K Arora
International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences (http://www.cibtech.org/jms/htm), 2011 Vol. 1 (1) September-December, 139-143
Hendricks, la velle counseling modalities nfjca v3 n1 2014William Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. LaVelle Henricks, Texas A&M University-Commerce and colleagues published in national refereed journal.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System.
Trauma at the End of Life: Somatic Experiencing and Other Touch Based Treatme...Michael Changaris
This paper explores the use of touch in working with elders. It explores neurodegenerative disorders, challenges working with individuals with cognitive changes and how to develop a treatment plan that includes safe therapeutic touch.
Running Head: DEPRESSION 1
DEPRESSION 3
Lana Eliot
Depression
Psychology 630
Professor Benton
August 25, 2018
Many people throughout the world experience some type of depression in their lives and it is one of the most common mental disorders. The current statistic show that depression is linked to genetic, environmental, biological and is also psychological. Depression can ben found with any age person. A small child or an adult may have to deal with the depression that is affecting them. Chemical imbalances in the brain is the leading cause for a person dealing with the depressive order. The neurotransmitter is the what we call the communicator between the brain and the limbic system. Researchers study the limbic system in the brain as this is where depression starts; especially for anxiety and stress. The 3 major neurotransmitters; serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine all have direct relations with a persons’ depression and anxiety.
Serotonin plays a crucial role in our brain. It is associated with many physical actions that we may portray. The actions associated with serotonin are mood altering, sleeping patterns, eating disorders, and aggression. If a persons’ serotonin levels decrease, they may experience these depressive symptoms. This can also make persons have a feeling of self-worth and suicidal feelings.
Another transmitter in the brain which is associated with the depressive disorder is dopamine. This is the part of the brain that deals with our motivation and how we gain the feeling of self-worth and self-pleasure. Early studies suggested that an existence of neurotransmitter norepinephrine deficiency in some certain areas of the brain resulted in depression. One main cause of depression is the reduction in the concentration of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and dopamine. The decrease in the concentration of these neurotransmitters leads to disturbed neuronal signal processing which leads to alterations in the structure of the neuronal networks. These basic changes are accepted to be one of the fundamental purposes behind sorrow. The emergence of neuroimaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional fMRI, established the importance of the ‘neurocircuit of emotion’ which has been expanded to include other important brain areas and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These brain sites and their connections, which have been widely studied, are responsible for maintaining emotional stability and their malfunction is considered central to the pathophysiology of depression (Palazidou, E., 2012).
Recent follow up studies also shows that there is a group of individuals with a depression disorder who exhibit low levels of the chemical norepinephrine. In autopsy studies, it has been shown that in comparison,.
250-500 words APA format cite references Check this scenario out.docxjeanettehully
250-500 words APA format cite references
Check this scenario out. Long term care can consists of servicing patients need at a patient's home, providing meals, transportation and in home therapy. Some long term care is within the home and some can be rehab. Lets say there is a growing need to extend those services to our growing need in elderly population. Part of that need is a demand for servicing the increasing population of the Hispanic community. We as a team need to meet with a cross- functional management team that can relay the need and services outside of the facility. We need hired people who are bilingual that can work the call center, deliver food, offer in home therapy, and provide transportation.
Our audience will be the new management team. Each member of the coordination of care team of management will cover or be responsible for one of those areas. Our standpoint will be that we are the board of directors that would be talking with them.
Giving the above screnario my part of assignment is to come up with strategies of the transition and what methods may be needed?
.
2 DQ’s need to be answers with Zero plagiarism and 250 word count fo.docxjeanettehully
2 DQ’s need to be answers with Zero plagiarism and 250 word count for each question. Due in 6 hours TODAY! Please include all references if necessary.
Week One DQ1
Week One DQ3
To clarify... these ratios are part of the DuPont model, and the DuPont model considers liquidity as one of the factors to be evaluated, but at the end of the day, the DuPont model is all about return on equity... basically getting your money's worth. Given that, what are the elements of liquidity and how do they lead us into the discussion on equity? Why is this important to understand?
.
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Trauma at the End of Life: Somatic Experiencing and Other Touch Based Treatme...Michael Changaris
This paper explores the use of touch in working with elders. It explores neurodegenerative disorders, challenges working with individuals with cognitive changes and how to develop a treatment plan that includes safe therapeutic touch.
Running Head: DEPRESSION 1
DEPRESSION 3
Lana Eliot
Depression
Psychology 630
Professor Benton
August 25, 2018
Many people throughout the world experience some type of depression in their lives and it is one of the most common mental disorders. The current statistic show that depression is linked to genetic, environmental, biological and is also psychological. Depression can ben found with any age person. A small child or an adult may have to deal with the depression that is affecting them. Chemical imbalances in the brain is the leading cause for a person dealing with the depressive order. The neurotransmitter is the what we call the communicator between the brain and the limbic system. Researchers study the limbic system in the brain as this is where depression starts; especially for anxiety and stress. The 3 major neurotransmitters; serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine all have direct relations with a persons’ depression and anxiety.
Serotonin plays a crucial role in our brain. It is associated with many physical actions that we may portray. The actions associated with serotonin are mood altering, sleeping patterns, eating disorders, and aggression. If a persons’ serotonin levels decrease, they may experience these depressive symptoms. This can also make persons have a feeling of self-worth and suicidal feelings.
Another transmitter in the brain which is associated with the depressive disorder is dopamine. This is the part of the brain that deals with our motivation and how we gain the feeling of self-worth and self-pleasure. Early studies suggested that an existence of neurotransmitter norepinephrine deficiency in some certain areas of the brain resulted in depression. One main cause of depression is the reduction in the concentration of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and dopamine. The decrease in the concentration of these neurotransmitters leads to disturbed neuronal signal processing which leads to alterations in the structure of the neuronal networks. These basic changes are accepted to be one of the fundamental purposes behind sorrow. The emergence of neuroimaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional fMRI, established the importance of the ‘neurocircuit of emotion’ which has been expanded to include other important brain areas and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These brain sites and their connections, which have been widely studied, are responsible for maintaining emotional stability and their malfunction is considered central to the pathophysiology of depression (Palazidou, E., 2012).
Recent follow up studies also shows that there is a group of individuals with a depression disorder who exhibit low levels of the chemical norepinephrine. In autopsy studies, it has been shown that in comparison,.
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250-500 words APA format cite references Check this scenario out.docxjeanettehully
250-500 words APA format cite references
Check this scenario out. Long term care can consists of servicing patients need at a patient's home, providing meals, transportation and in home therapy. Some long term care is within the home and some can be rehab. Lets say there is a growing need to extend those services to our growing need in elderly population. Part of that need is a demand for servicing the increasing population of the Hispanic community. We as a team need to meet with a cross- functional management team that can relay the need and services outside of the facility. We need hired people who are bilingual that can work the call center, deliver food, offer in home therapy, and provide transportation.
Our audience will be the new management team. Each member of the coordination of care team of management will cover or be responsible for one of those areas. Our standpoint will be that we are the board of directors that would be talking with them.
Giving the above screnario my part of assignment is to come up with strategies of the transition and what methods may be needed?
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2 DQ’s need to be answers with Zero plagiarism and 250 word count fo.docxjeanettehully
2 DQ’s need to be answers with Zero plagiarism and 250 word count for each question. Due in 6 hours TODAY! Please include all references if necessary.
Week One DQ1
Week One DQ3
To clarify... these ratios are part of the DuPont model, and the DuPont model considers liquidity as one of the factors to be evaluated, but at the end of the day, the DuPont model is all about return on equity... basically getting your money's worth. Given that, what are the elements of liquidity and how do they lead us into the discussion on equity? Why is this important to understand?
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270w3
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Stress can be the root cause of psychological disorders. Name four symptoms shared by acute and posttraumatic stress disorders.
What life events are most likely to trigger a stress disorder?
Traumatic events do not always result in a diagnosable
PSYCHOLOGICAL
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250 word response. Chicago Style citing
According to Kluver, what are the ramifications of technology and globalization on global communication?
Compare Kluver’s arguments with endangered languages, and with the readings about the Digital Divide. How do they compare? From these readings, what are the general trends of communication?
Readings
Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004
“Globalization, Informatization, and Intercultural Communication,” Kluver, Jandt pages 425-437
“Part II: Language,” Introduction, Jandt pages 99-102
“Babel Revisited,” Mühlhäusler, Jandt pages 103-107
“Africa: The Power of Speech,” Bâ, Jandt pages 108-111
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide
http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/
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250+ Words – Strategic Intelligence Collection
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2–3 pages; APA format
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There are several steps to take when submitting a claim form to the insurance company for reimbursement. The result of a
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In this assignment, you will be addressing the claims submission process and the follow-up.
Include the following in your submission:
List all of the information that is important before the claim can be submitted.
Discuss some of the reasons why a claim may be rejected.
What steps should be taken to check the claim status?
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250 Word Resoponse. Chicago Style Citing.
According to Kluver, what are the ramifications of technology and globalization on global communication?
Compare Kluver’s arguments with our readings last week on endangered languages, and with our readings about the Digital Divide.
How do they compare?
From these readings, what are the general trends of communication?
Readings:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide
“Globalization, Informatization, and Intercultural Communication,” Kluver, Jandt pages 425-437
Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004
Last weeks reading:
“Part II: Language,” Introduction, Jandt pages 99-102
“Babel Revisited,” Mühlhäusler, Jandt pages 103-107
“Africa: The Power of Speech,” Bâ, Jandt pages 108-111
“Research and Context for a Theory of Maori Schooling,” Penetito, Jandt pages 173-188
Explore www.endangeredlanguages.com and watch the video at
http://youtu.be/Bn2QbwcjmOI
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250 word mini essay question.
Textbook is: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.
Please Cite in MLA format.
1. Distinguish between the Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods in terms of time and cultural developments.
2. Compare and contrast specific examples of artifacts, practices, and systems of belief.
3.Discuss why art survives or does not. Include the four reasons Getlein cites for how art survives, giving an example of art work from both the Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods that meet one of these requirements.
4. What types of art work or materials would not likely survive?
5. How might this affect our opinion of a culture?
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250 word discussion post--today please. Make sure you put in the dq that the research paper focused around recent Civil Rights in the Mississppi Area
How do you define Mississippi?
In your post, identify your thesis and the sources you used to prove your argument. Discuss how you came to define Mississippi and what conclusions you made about the state. Make sure to point out the general areas of History that you discuss and what events, people, or ideas were especially important to your interpretation of Mississippi History. What readings, from Bond, Busbee, or another source you found, profoundly influenced your view of the state? Overall, has your view of Mississippi changed or mostly stayed the same? What can we learn about Mississippi today from your paper? Is Mississippi as a "closed society" (Silver, 1964) an accurate way to look at the state? Has this been true at some point in the past, but is no longer true? What time period is most crucial to understanding Mississippi and best defines it?
Some examples of different periods in Mississippi History are:
pre-European Mississippi
colonial Mississippi
territorial Mississippi
antebellum Mississippi
Civil War/Reconstruction Mississippi
Jim Crow Mississippi
Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement
Post Civil Rights Mississippi
.
2By 2015, projections indicate that the largest category of househ.docxjeanettehully
2
By 2015, projections indicate that the largest category of households will be composed of
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childless married couples and empty nesters
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married couples with children
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single-parent families
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singles living with nonrelatives
3
Which of the following elements of sociocultural environment can be associated with the growing demand for social surrogates like social networking sites, television, and so on?
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Views of nature
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Views of others
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Views of ourselves
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Views of organizations
Wabash Bank would like to understand if there is a relationship between the advertising or promotion it does and the number of new customers the bank gets each quarter. What type of research is this an example of?
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Secondary
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Exploratory
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Causal
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Qualitative
5
Which strategy does this exemplify? Kayak and Orbitz provide their customers with a variety of travel options including flight reservations, vacation packages, flight and hotel options with or without car rentals, and cruise offerings.
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Diversification
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Promotional
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Differentiation
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Focus
A company's sales potential would be equal to market potential when which situations exists?
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The marketing expenditure of the company is reduced to zero.
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The company gets 100 percent share of the market.
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Industry marketing expenditures approach infinity for a given marketing environment.
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The market is nonexpandable.
Marketing is considered both an art and a science. How do the 4Ps, or marketing mix, help us bridge the gap between art and science?
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Marketing focuses on sales as the primary goal.
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Marketing is involved with price as the major factor.
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Marketing is about advertising.
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Marketing balances the need for data with that of creativity.
In the U.S., consumer expenditures on homes and other large purchases tend to slow down during a recession because
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of steady supply of loanable funds in the economy during recession
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consumer borrowing increases during recession
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of stringent credit policies adopted by the Fed before the onset of recession
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the consumers have a high debt-to-income ratio
Which of the following statements demonstrates behavioral loyalty towards a brand?
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Myfavorite Laundry detergent is so easy to use.
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I always buy Myfavorite Laundry detergent when purchasing laundry detergent.
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My friends agree Myfavorite Laundry detergent is the best.
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Myfavorite Laundry detergent smells good.
When Apple introduced iTunes, a new market was opened. Which of the following describes this type of innovation?
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Operational excellence
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Value capture
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Presence
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Value chain
11
Which of.
29Answer[removed] That is the house whe.docxjeanettehully
29
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
The doctor examined a man whose hands were colder than the rest of
his body.
30
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
Mrs. Carnack has a cousin whom she would like us to meet.
31
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
Who was the person who won the track meet?
32
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
The restaurant where there was music was almost deserted.
33
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
Find a boy whose eyes are green.
34
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose. Type the first word
followed by a space and the last word of the adjective clause in the
following sentence:
The tale that was told that night was never forgotten.
35
Answer:
[removed]
That is the house "where I grew up."
The words in quotes make up an adjective clause. An adjective clause does
what an adjective does: it modifies the noun "house." Adjective clauses
begin with that, which, where, who, whom, or whose..
250 words discussion not an assignementThe purpose of this discuss.docxjeanettehully
250 words discussion not an assignement
The purpose of this discussion is to gain a more complete awareness of the extent of socio-environmental influences impacting the development of adolescents. Triandis (as cited in Coon and Kemmelmeier, 2001) states, "Individualism and collectivism are broadly defined cultural syndromes that encompass a number of elements, including values, norms, goals, and behaviors" (Coon and Kemmelmeier, 2001, p. 348).
Consider the audio piece in this unit's studies (also linked in the Resources) that compares two teens' viewpoints of life within their cultural domains. This piece highlights the impact of family, community, and cultural beliefs and values on an individual's development. For your initial post in this discussion, explore these influences by addressing the following questions:
How does exposure to media influence the manner in which adolescents develop?
How does exposure to peers influence development in both systems?
Using the reading from the textbook on risky behaviors, how might adolescents' influences and understanding of risk be different, based on their culture and expectations of self?
The optional reading in this unit's studies may provide additional information to support your post, if you choose to use it.
Response Guidelines
Respond to one learner by supporting his or her analysis of the two teens with additional information you have acquired outside of the textbook. Cite and reference your source with proper APA formatting. Be sure to address concepts in the post and find any similarities in your thinking as well.
Reference
Coon, H. M., Kemmelmeier, M. (2001). Cultural orientations in the United States: (Re)Examining differences among ethnic groups.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32
(3), 348–364. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
.
25. For each of the transactions listed below, indicate whether it.docxjeanettehully
25. For each of the transactions listed below, indicate whether it is an operating (O), investing (I) or financing (F) activity on the statement of cash flows. Also, indicate if the transaction increases (+) or decreases (-) cash. 12 points
Transaction Type of Activity Effect on Cash
A) Paid dividends to the owners
B) Purchased equipment by paying cash
C) Issued stock for cash
D) Paid wages to employees
E) Repaid the bank loan
F) Collected cash on account from customers
.
250-word minimum. Must use textbook Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercu.docxjeanettehully
250-word minimum. Must use textbook: Jandt, Fred E. (editor) Intercultural Communication: A Global Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2004 and articles provided. MLA citation.
Levi-Strauss and Hofstede portray culture as a dichotomy. What are the implications of such a dichotomy? How do these variants affect you when you attempt to communicate with other cultures? Likewise, how do these variants affect your audience when you attempt to communicate with them?
.
250-500 words APA format cite references Check this scenario o.docxjeanettehully
250-500 words APA format cite references
Check this scenario out. Long term care can consists of servicing patients need at a patient's home, providing meals, transportation and in home therapy. Some long term care is within the home and some can be rehab. Lets say there is a growing need to extend those services to our growing need in elderly population. Part of that need is a demand for servicing the increasing population of the Hispanic community. We as a team need to meet with a cross- functional management team that can relay the need and services outside of the facility. We need hired people who are bilingual that can work the call center, deliver food, offer in home therapy, and provide transportation.
Our audience will be the new management team. Each member of the coordination of care team of management will cover or be responsible for one of those areas. Our standpoint will be that we are the board of directors that would be talking with them.
Giving the above screnario my part of assignment is to come up with strategies of the transition and what methods may be needed?
.
250+ Words – Insider Threat Analysis Penetration AnalysisCho.docxjeanettehully
250+ Words – Insider Threat Analysis / Penetration Analysis
Choose one of the following. The first is insider threat analysis and the other is the threat presented by hostile intelligence operations. Be challenging and show what you know.
Topic 1
Insider threats come from individuals who operate inside friendly intelligence and national security organizations who purposefully set out to cause disruption, destruction, and commit crimes to those ends. Please read
Insider Threat IPT
and
Solving Insider Threat
in the Course Materials Folder. Using the web or the online library choose a high profile case of insider threat (cyber, intelligence, military) and draft a 350 word summary of the case highlighting successes or failures of
analysis
in bringing resolution to the case. What analysis methods can you discern? What do think could have been done differently to improve the analysis?
--or--
Topic 2
Complete reading
Foreign Espionage Threat
and
Observations on the Double Agent
and
Social Courtesy
. In the penetration of a hostile intelligence service analysis is central to identifying, pursuing, and preparing the recruitment of an agent. In 350 words please research the Oleg Penkovsky, Aldritch Ames, or Jonathan Pollard cases. Provide a summary of the role of analysis in the recruitment and running of these agents from the perspective of their handlers (the US/British, Soviet Union, and Israel, respectively). You'll need to conduct additional research on the web or in the online library to help you develop a factual understanding of the case you choose.
.
250 wordsUsing the same company (Bank of America) that you have .docxjeanettehully
250 words
Using the same company (Bank of America) that you have using in previous weeks, please review its cashflow sheet The statement of cash flows is divided into three parts: (1) operational cash flows, (2) financing cash flows, and (3) investment cash flows. Discuss the primary components of each of these sections of the cash flow statement:
Operational cash flows:
Use the direct method, which focuses on the sources of cash and the uses of operating cash such as cash from customers minus cash payment for expenses and payments to creditors.
Financing cash flows:
This should include cash received as the owner’s investment and cash withdrawals by owners.
Investing cash flows:
These include cash from investing activities (in other companies or securities) and any cash paid to make these investments.
.
250 mini essay questiontextbook Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9.docxjeanettehully
250 mini essay question
textbook: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010 Please include citations in MLA format.
First, describe the shift in the Roman Empire that created Byzantium in the East and what would eventually become Europe in the West and explain the impact of this political, religious, and social split on the art produced in these regions in this era. Provide specific examples of particular works of art or architecture to illustrate your points.
Second, trace the subsequent development of art in the East and the West from the Early through the High and Late Middle Ages by citing specific works of art or architecture and describing characteristic features these works exemplify. Be sure to include the each of the following terms in your discussion:
-animal style
-Carolingian
-Romanesque
-Gothic
.
22.¿Saber o conocer… With a partner, tell what thes.docxjeanettehully
22.
¿
Saber
o
conocer
…?
With a partner, tell what these people know, using
saber
or
conocer
.
Natalia [removed] al suegro de Mirta. Ella [removed] dónde vive él, pero no [removed] su número de teléfono.
David [removed] muchas ciudades de España, pero no [removed] hablar español.
Estela [removed] muchos poemas de ese poeta, pero no [removed] ninguno de memoria.
Roberto [removed] a la familia que da la fiesta de Año Nuevo, pero no [removed] dónde es la fiesta.
Yo [removed] que Lorca es un poeta español.
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Running Head Final Project Final Project .docx
1. Running Head: Final Project
Final Project
Final Project
Sandy Pennington
Southern New Hampshire University
Final Project
Introduction
The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS) is a “member” of
the autonomic nervous system, which also comprise the
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Sympathetic Nervous
System (ENS). Occasionally referred to as the rest and digest
system, PSNS is critical in conserving energy because it slows
down the heart rate, upsurges intestinal and gland activity, and
relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the
importance of this system, understanding its components and
mechanism is key to psychologists, biologists, and other related
specialists. There is plenty of work about it already.
Nonetheless, there are still a couple of gaps of knowledge about
several of its elements, contrivances, processes. The current
study seeks to bridge some of these gaps covered in the research
questions sections below.
Research Questions
What happens during lover’s touch, cuddling and massage in the
2. Parasympathetic Nervous System.
Is there any relationship between the acts of touching, hugging,
cuddling, and massage and good health?
What is positive about the parasympathetic nervous system
being activated?
Literature Review
The Parasympathetic Nervous System and the lover’s touch and
its associated mechanisms are not new concepts in research.
Numerous scholars, theorists, and researcher have already
contemplated about them but particularly separately. Pichon and
Chapelot (2010) explored the homeostatic significance of the
parasympathetic nervous system in the behavior of people. The
researchers theorized and confirmed that the respiratory sinus
arrhythmia (RSA) reflects organisms’ capacities to assimilate
metabolic and behavioral demands, thereby improving its
homeostasis adeptness. Lover’s touch, touch through cuddling,
and touch through massage all trigger some human behavior. In
this study, the work of Pichon and Chapelot (2010) will be
helpful in establishing how PSNS facilitates the integration of
human behaviors associated with the touches.
Hurley (2018), on the other hand examined the activation
mechanism of the Parasympathetic Nervous System. According
to the author, the PSNS decreases anxiety and stress. Hurley
(2018) also explored how the mechanism mitigates and controls
these mental defects and also discussed some of the ways of
activating PSNS, which include by touching the lips gently,
being mindful (avoiding multitasking), and by using
visualization. In this research, this work will help to establish
knowledge on happens when the parasympathetic nervous
system is activated.
Elsewhere, Penn Medicine (2018) had a look at the health effect
of cuddling, snuggling, holding hands, touching, kissing, and
hugging and established that they produce more than just
magical moments as they can essentially enhance overall health.
The report found that science shows that these touches help
people to lose weight, lower blood pressure, and fight off
3. sickness just to mention a few. Another study Zur and
Nordmarken (2018) also established a link between these
touching activities and good health. Zur and Nordmarken (2018)
concluded that touch is a piece of the most indispensable
elements of human development, a thoughtful mechanism of
communication, and a critical cog of the health, growth and
development of newborns, and a powerful healing force. In the
present study, these resources will be essential in constructing
the knowledge of how the acts of touching; hugging, cuddling,
and massage promote good health.
Lover’s Touch
When a lover’s touch occurs, the reproductive organs receive
parasympathetic innervation from the spinal cord. The sacral
parasympathetic pathway then sends these signals to the target
organs via the pelvic nerve. This leads to the activation of the
postganglionic neurons in the target parasympathetic ganglia,
which subsequently leads to the dilation of penile and clitoral
arteries. The corresponding smooth muscles of the cavernous
sinusoid relax which lead to expansion of sinusoidal spaces
(Purves, Augustine, Fitzpatrick, et al., 2001). As a result of
this, blood in the aforementioned tissue is increased which in-
turn leads to a drastic rise in pressure and expansion of the
cavernous spaces thus achieving arousal. The parasympathetic
nervous system also raises the heart rate and excites the brain.
Touch through cuddling
During cuddling, the physical touch works to activate pressure
receptors within the body. Immediately, signals are sent to the
vagus nerve. The vagus nerve is an important element in the
parasympathetic nervous system (Zur & Nordmarken, 2018). It
acts as a safety valve when the body or brain is suddenly
overexcited or put under heightened stress. When cuddling, the
vagus nerve relaxes and the feeling is carried all along the body
according to Penn Medicine (2018). Because of the nerve
relaxing, blood pressure drops and one feels calm and secure.
Touch through massage
Many a times, stressful situations affect individuals. During the
4. stressful period, stress hormones are released resulting in
physiological changes such as increased heart rate, quickening
in breathing, muscle tension and sweating. Knowing how to use
the parasympathetic nervous system to control anxiety and
stress promotes long lasting sobriety by reducing the urge to
turn to addictive substances (Diego & Field, 2009). When the
parasympathetic nervous system is activated, changes in the
body occur rapidly. Once the parasympathetic nervous system is
activated to decrease activity, calmness and relaxation is
achieved. Through massage, the parasympathetic nervous
system works to reduce the body’s blood pressure and the heart
rate. Massage stimulates the sensory and proprioceptive nerve
fibers of the skin and underlying tissues (Diego & Field, 2009).
Through the PNS, the stimulus is dispersed to the target body
part. This achieves a soothing effect that enhances relaxation.
Massage often causes the skin and muscles to dilate through
receptor stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
What happens when the parasympathetic nervous system is
activated?
As one progresses in recovery, worry and anxiety tend to creep
in. issues like deadlines and family concerns occasionally
induce stress. When the stress hormone is released
physiological changes occur. Lanese (2019) avers that these
responses are called fight or flight responses. The responses
occur when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated.
Stress contributes to high blood pressure and anxiety. The
parasympathetic nervous system works to relax and slow down
the body’s response (Hurley, 2018). It counter-acts the effects
of the sympathetic nervous system. The activation of the
sympathetic nervous system causes rapid changes to the body.
The brain continually releases corticotrophin and
adrenocorticotropic hormones that keep the body on high alert
until it perceived that the danger is over (Lanese, 2019). When
the threat is deemed over, the hormone levels decline and the
parasympathetic system works to inhibit the stress response by
slowing down high energy activities within the body as writes
5. Hurley (2018). When the parasympathetic system is activated, it
enhances relaxation to the mind and body.
What benefits do we get?
There are several benefits that can be derived from
parasympathetic nervous system when activated. They include
improving self-esteem and reducing stress and anxiety.
Improving self-esteem occurs when the hormones are released
and they calm the body, therefore, the body is able to sense
security and safety (Zur & Nordmarken, (2018). Studies have
been able to show that lovers who often cuddle and hug each
other tend to have high self-esteem (Penn Medicine, 2018).
Reduced stress and anxiety, on the other hand occur when one is
hugged or cuddle to feel better. The brain will naturally produce
dopamine, which relaxes the body. Naturally, the activation of
the parasympathetic nervous system leads to the secretion of
Dopamine and Oxytocin, which reduces cortisol’s levels that are
accountable for stress and anxiety.
Above all, the parasympathetic nervous system’s activation
contributes positively to health. The mechanism triggers the
secretion of vital hormones, which improve people’s mental and
physical states. A good example of health benefit would include
better heart health and increased immunity (Penn Medicine,
2018). Studies have found that people with ineffective
parasympathetic nervous system struggle to cope in certain
stressful situations. Additionally, they tend to have problems
with their self-esteem. The mechanism is also a natural therapy
for high blood pressure and mood disorders (Pichon and
Chapelot, 2010). Therefore, activities such as cuddling,
massages, and touching of are crucial for human health.
Research Questions
The parasympathetic nervous system has been observed to have
a long-term effect on the health of individuals. Given the
stupendous structure of the human nervous system, it is
necessary to understand how the parasympathetic nervous
system affects health and what roles it plays in neuroscience
6. and psychobiology. The primary research questions for this
study to help in comprehending the essential roles of the system
include;
How does the parasympathetic nervous system get activated?
What happens when the parasympathetic nervous system gets
activated?
What are the health benefits of activation of the
parasympathetic nervous system?
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect human
psychology?
Parasympathetic nervous system and the field of Psychology
The nervous system has immense impacts on human behavior
since it influences the ability to express emotions, learn, and
utilize energy under different situations. A closer breakdown of
the systemic parts of the nervous system reveals that its two
major subdivisions are the central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system
contains another two subdivisions that are seen to actively
control the voluntary and involuntary actions of the human
body.
The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous
system are considered the main divisions that influence human
psychology. The somatic nervous system is involved in control
of voluntary actions that are processed through motor neurons
and sensory neurons. The autonomic nervous system controls
involuntary functions that prepare the body for stress-related
activities (Thayer, 2017). It is within the autonomic nervous
system that the parasympathetic nervous system is classified as
a division, which controls use of metabolic energy during
relaxation.
The parasympathetic nervous system is referred to as the
rest and digests system because it serves to increase intestinal
and gland activity, while slowing down the heart rate to induce
calmness. As human beings grow older, the parasympathetic
nervous system undergoes maturation by learning to induce the
correct behavior in varying environments. In order to perform
7. correct behavior, the parasympathetic nervous system develops
innate desires that are regulated by hormonal secretion and
gland relaxation. Therefore, the thought-processes of a person
are regulated by these shifts in the parasympathetic nervous
system to act accordingly in a given surrounding.
A proper understanding of the parasympathetic nervous
system should have medical implications on the field of
psychology by modulating several levels of psychobiological
foundation. Human beings can benefit from medical
interventions that invoke a parasympathetic nervous system
response to lower levels of blood pressure and mental stress.
Drawing evidence from previous researches on ways to activate
the parasympathetic nervous system, the approach can be
applied to resolve metabolic complications facing individuals.
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system will largely
be used to ensure the human body functions under relaxed
conditions.
Synthesis with previous scholarly research
The autonomic nervous system applies heart rate variability to
shift between sympathetic and parasympathetic activation.
According to Hatch et al., (2019), the autonomic nervous system
regulates cardiovascular homeostasis and can be used to change
electrochemical conduction as well as vascular tone. It is
critical for the heart rate variability to be greatly regulated so
that individuals remain responsive to physiological changes in
the best way that facilitates normal functioning (Thayer, 2017).
As one engages in activities that lead to activation of
parasympathetic nervous system, they enhance their heart rate
variability to avoid health altercations such as major depressive
disorder and cardiovascular disorders.
The parasympathetic nervous system has a cranial division
that supplies nerves to the lacrimal glands, salivary glands,
sexual organs, urinary bladder, upper and lower gastrointestinal
tract (Mathias & Bannister, 2013). All these areas are modified
by parasympathetic activation that shifts their hyper-reaction to
physiological changes back to the body’s normal functioning.
8. The nervous system requires the parasympathetic activation to
diminish the power of psychological defenses and neutralize
hyperactivity caused by fear and traumatic events. In this way,
parasympathetic activation can be used to induce normal
behavior in times when human actions are dominated by fear-
based emotional reactivity.
As one progresses in recovery, worry and anxiety tend to creep
in. The environment, such as deadlines, family issues, may at
times induce stress. When the stress hormone is released
physiological changes occur. These responses are better known
as fight or flight responses. We will look into this response
when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated. The
response is meant to be a survival tactic that allows mammals to
react fast to a situation that was threatening.
Unfortunately, the same response to non-life threatening
stressors that trigger high anxiety levels receive the same fight
or flight responses from the human body. Stress contributes to
high blood pressure and anxiety. The parasympathetic nervous
system works to relax and slow down the body’s response. It
counter-acts the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. The
sympathetic nervous system once activated has rapid changes to
the body. The brain continually releases corticotropin and
adrenocorticotropic hormones that keep the body on high alert
until it perceived that the danger is over (Colonnello &
Heinrichs, 2016).
When the threat is deemed over, the hormone levels decline and
the parasympathetic system works to inhibit the stress response
by slowing down high energy activities within the body. When
the parasympathetic system is activated, it enhances relaxation
to the mind and body. Activation of the parasympathetic system
can be learnt. When achieved, individuals’ moods are lifted, the
immune system is strengthened and blood pressure lowers to a
normal rate. Some of the techniques that can be used can be;
getting a massage, spending time in nature, meditation,
exercise, hobbies, among numerous others.
The parasympathetic activation can help individuals to
9. treat neurological and psychiatric diseases. Neurological and
psychiatric conditions are extremely costly to treat due to the
burdensome nature of the medical conditions (Hatch et al.,
2019). Furthermore, individuals face non-life threatening
impulses in their daily routines that receive potentially
confounding responses. According to pharmacological
treatments of the neurological and psychiatric medical
conditions associated with the nervous system there are several
side-effects that necessitate the alternative treatment offered by
parasympathetic activation.
Pharmaceutical treatment of autonomic nervous system
anomalies has been observed to cause inflammation, metabolic
dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hypothalamic pituitary-
adrenaline dysfunction. It is high time that neuroscientists and
psychiatrists acknowledge the role of moderate parasympathetic
activation. Diego & Field (2009) state that moderate to light
pressure on an individual during a massage provides far
reaching benefits to an individual that may be suffering from
stress-related disorders. The increased release of stress
hormones due to the hyper-activation of the sympathetic
nervous system can be regulated by parasympathetic activation
which is achieved through activities that lower the heart rate
variability to induce a state of calm.
Further evidence points to the close relationship between
the autonomic nervous system and obesity, which has become
an increasing global concern. Parasympathetic activation is
involved in regulation of metabolic energy and cardiovascular
variability to eliminate hypertension. Scientific evidence shows
that excess weight among obese people inhibits ANS regulation
that results in metabolic alterations that are also visible in
patients with cardiovascular disorders (Guarino et al, 2017).
Given the need for regulation of sympathetic nervous system,
vagal nerve modulation achieved through deep to moderate
massages, can be viewed as therapeutic targets for improving
cardiovascular variability.
Sympathetic activation is a necessary process for human
10. survival that should operate along with parasympathetic
activation. Health concerns arise when hyper-activity of the
sympathetic nervous system lead to the overproduction of stress
hormones that have the potential to generate symptoms of
depression and cardiovascular dysfunction. It becomes
extremely important to understand ways of inducing
parasympathetic activation as a reverse mechanism of
hypertension (Colonnello & Heinrichs, 2016). Neurological and
psychiatric conditions affected by the autonomic nervous
system’s regulation can be modulated through parasympathetic
activation. The potential of using parasympathetic activation as
an alternative treatment approach is so great that it has
substantial implications for people suffering from obesity.
It is crucial for people to understand the brain’s
subdivisions that are involved in self-regulation and control of
normal routines. In recent years, neuroscientists have begun to
appreciate the awareness of neurotransmitter influence on body
functions. The parasympathetic nervous system provides one of
the essential subdivisions of the brain that has promising yields
in psychiatric and neuroscience treatments. In conclusion, the
parasympathetic nervous system has long-term health effects
because its activation triggers the release of important
hormones.
The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS) is a “member” of
the autonomic nervous system, which also comprises the
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Sympathetic Nervous
System (ENS). Occasionally referred to as the rest and digest
system, PSNS is critical in conserving energy because it slows
down the heart rate, upsurges intestinal and gland activity, and
relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. Above
all, recent evidence establishes a strong bond between PSNS
and behavior; hence, psychology. Given the importance of this
system, specialists have safely argued that its activation is
healthy and positive for humans. In this connection, this study
seeks to assess the implication of touch on the Parasympathetic
Nervous System from a biological point of view and establish
11. how the system is a subject in the field of psychology.
Problem Statement
Understanding the components and mechanism of the
Parasympathetic Nervous System is key to psychologists,
biologists, and other related specialists. There is plenty of work
about it already. Nonetheless, there are still a couple of gaps of
knowledge about several of its elements, contrivances, and
processes. The effect of a lover's touch, cuddling, and massage
are mainly loosely addressed subjects. The majority of the
existing studies, while they investigate the link between touch
and PSNS, for example, they do not specify whether the two are
associated along positive or negative lines. Others are broad and
complex; hence, throwing the confidentiality and reliability of
their findings into big questions. Thus, there is a necessity for
specific and straightforward information regarding the effect of
a lover's touch, cuddling, and massage on PSNS. The current
study seeks to bridge some of these gaps. The primary purpose
of this research study is to determine and display the effect of
activating the parasympathetic nervous system.
Research Questions
What happens during lover’s touch, cuddling and massage in the
Parasympathetic Nervous System.
Is there any relationship between the acts of touching, hugging,
cuddling, and massage and good health?
What is positive about the parasympathetic nervous system
being activated?
Objectives
The study anticipates achieving the following:
To provide a comprehensive review of all processes and
outcomes that take place in the Parasympathetic Nervous
System during lover’s touch, cuddling, and massage.
To establish the relationship between the acts of touching,
hugging, cuddling, and massage, and good health
To assess and document the importance of activating the
parasympathetic nervous system being
Literature Review
12. The Parasympathetic Nervous System and the lover’s touch and
its associated mechanisms are not new concepts in research.
Numerous scholars, theorists, and researcher have already
contemplated about them but mainly separately. Pichon and
Chapelot (2010) explored the homeostatic significance of the
parasympathetic nervous system in the behavior of people. The
researchers theorized and confirmed that the respiratory sinus
arrhythmia (RSA) reflects organisms' capacities to assimilate
metabolic and behavioral demands, thereby improving its
homeostasis adeptness. Lover's touch, touch through cuddling
and touch through massage all trigger some human behavior. In
this study, the work of Pichon and Chapelot (2010) will help in
establishing how PSNS facilitates the integration of human
behaviors associated with the touches.
Hurley (2018), on the other hand, examined the activation
mechanism of the Parasympathetic Nervous System. According
to the author, the PSNS decreases anxiety and stress. Hurley
(2018) also explored howthe mechanism mitigates and controls
these mental defects and also discussed some of the ways of
activating PSNS, which include by touching the lips gently,
being mindful (avoiding multitasking), and by using
visualization. In this research, this work will help to establish
knowledge on happens when the parasympathetic nervous
system is activated.
Elsewhere, Penn Medicine (2018) had a look at the health effect
of cuddling, snuggling, holding hands, touching, kissing, and
hugging and established that they produce more than just
magical moments as they can substantially enhance overall
health. The report found that science shows that these touches
help people to lose weight, lower blood pressure, and fight off
sickness, only to mention a few. Another study, Zur and
Nordmarken (2018) also established a link between these
touching activities and good health. Zur and Nordmarken (2018)
concluded that touch is a piece of the most indispensable
elements of human development, a thoughtful mechanism of
communication, and a critical cog of the health, growth, and
13. development of newborns, and a powerful healing force. In the
present study, these resources will be essential in constructing
the knowledge of how the acts of touching; hugging, cuddling,
and massage promote good health.
Methodology
Experimental research method and participant observation
methods will be the primary study designs of this research.
Experimental research design is a quantitative method of data
collection, while participant observation is a qualitative
methodology. Thus, the study will employ both the qualitative
and quantitative techniques in data collection. The experimental
design is appropriate for this study because of the level of
accuracy, confidentiality, and reliability involved. Diego and
Field (2009) argue that the design is essential in ensuring that
the right type of data and a sufficient sample size and power are
available to answer the research questions of interest as clearly
and efficiently as possible. The design’s past applications also
supports its choice for such studies. According to Bordens and
Abbott (2018), the model has been previously applied to analyze
primary dependent variables that influence the autonomic
nervous system to a success. The variables to be measured using
the experimental study design include; heart rate variability,
sympathetic skin response, and levels of serum cortisol, as well
as norepinephrine. Study-participants, including the researcher,
will undergo relaxation activities during the experiment as
observation and self-reports are used as the primary data
collection techniques. Contrarily, the participant observation
design is chosen for the sake of the quality of the qualitative
data to be collected. According to Morse (2030), participant
observation facilitates a better understanding of subjects by
researchers because the researchers are also participants. Thus,
the participant observation method is applicable because it will
provide the researchers with a first-hand experience of the
relaxation effect associated with parasympathetic activation
(Diego & Field, 2009). In this connection, the method will offer
real-time information that is factual and free from errors or
14. skewed by environmental influencers.
However, the study will be heavily dependent on the
experimental study design. Its role in the research will be to
facilitate the collection of data that displays the physical
responses of stressed participants when passed through relaxing
activities. The relaxing activities selected for this study are the
use of massage and heat therapy applied over a controlled
period, such as five days a week for two weeks. The baseline
serum cortisol and plasma norepinephrine will be monitored
over the time of the experimental study design (Lee et al.,
2011). The fluctuations in the levels of these primary variables
associated with activation of the parasympathetic nervous
system are collected for analysis using self-reports and health
monitors. Another substantiation of the experimental study
design for this study is that the tests and procedures are carried
out over a long period requiring longitudinal observation. The
environment for carrying out this study will have to be
controlled to obtain error-free results. The experimental study
design is reliable because the researcher can observe any
additional variables that may influence the research.
Additionally, primary data is collected through the use of these
data collection tools.
Both informed consent and the Institution Review Board will be
the study’s primary participant selection criteria. Because the
project involves human subjects, it will be sent for a review by
IRB, after informed consent will be used to recruit the required
number of participants. After IRB’s approval of the study, all
details of the experiment will be unveiled to prospective
participants, including all the risks involved where the
volunteers will be considered (Morse, 2030). In this sense,
quota sampling will be used for population selection. The
researchers will look for volunteers to raise a given quota of the
categories of the participants required. For example, they will
require ten men and ten women who should include five adults
and five children.
For data analysis, the study will go with Excel and SPSS for
15. analyzing quantitative data because of its familiarity. First, all
the collected data will be recorded in an Excel sheet using the
right tabular form. The data will then be imported into the SPSS
software, where it will be assigned specific commands. The
results will then be retrieved in the form of graphs and charts,
which will be analyzed to postulate conclusions based on the
analysis. Qualitative analysis will be used for the qualitative
data (Mitchell, Jolley, & Alumni and Friends Memorial Book
Fund, 2013). The primary rationale is that participant
observation deals with small and focused samples as opposed to
large samples that quantitative analysis uses, which is
appropriate for qualitative analysis. Using this method, data
will be classified into patterns where it will be analyzed to
conclude results. The dissemination methods of the results of
the study to the relevant stakeholders, users, and interested
parties will include sharing them on social media and
organizations’ websites. Publishing the results in newspapers
and magazines is also a viable option considering the limited
resources at the disposal of the project.
Understanding the components and mechanism of the
Parasympathetic Nervous System is key to psychologists,
biologists, and other related specialists. Most so, how and what
activates this system and the effects of this activation requires
proper understanding, this is where this study comes in. Touch
is one of the factors that activate the Parasympathetic Nervous
System. The proposed study seeks to explore how different
touches (lover’s touch, cuddling, and massage) activate the
PSNS. Through this, the research would be able to establish the
relationship between the touches, the touches and the PSNS, and
the importance of activating the system.
The study is important because there is a currently a gap of
knowledge regarding in this field. There is plenty of work about
it already. Nonetheless, there are still a missing link of
information regarding several of its elements, contrivances, and
processes. The effect of a lover's touch, cuddling, and massage
are mainly loosely addressed subjects. The majority of the
16. existing studies, while they investigate the link between touch
and the PSNS, for example, they do not specify whether the two
are associated along positive or negative lines. Others are broad
and complex; hence, throwing the confidentiality and reliability
of their findings into big questions. Thus, there is a necessity
for specific and straightforward information regarding the effect
of a lover's touch, cuddling, and massage on PSNS. The current
study would bridge some of these gaps. The study would
primarily determine and display the effect of activating the
parasympathetic nervous system.
The findings of the study would realize positive implications
regarding the PSNS. First, it would facilitate a full
understanding of how lover’s touch, hugging, cuddling, and
massage activates the PSNS. Then there would come the
derivation of knowledge, both primary and secondary regarding
the effect of this activation. In this way, the study would
facilitate the clarification of the link between the PSNS and
psychology. All the touches to be investigated and behavioral.
On the other hand, psychology is one of the modern fields that
studies behavior. The specific branch is called behavioral
psychology. Thus, lover’s touch, hugging, massage, and
cuddling are subjects of study under behavioral psychology. As
such, by investigating their link with the PSNS, the outcome of
the study would as well aid in the recognition, understanding,
and appreciation of the association between the PSNS and the
field of behavioral psychology. Practically, the study will
facilitate this field by deriving knowledge regarding some of the
factors that activates the PSNS. There will also be knowledge
regarding the importance of the activation of the PSNS. One of
the implication of the study to the target audience is that I
would make them increase the activation of the PSNS or reduce
it by engaging in cuddling, hugging, and massage if need be or
avoiding them. The decision to increase or reduce would depend
on the outcome of the study. That is, if the study will find out
that the activation of the PSNS is beneficial or not. Given all
this weight, clearly, this study is important and hence worth
17. undertaking.
Reference
Bordens, K. S., & Abbott, B. B. (2018). Research design and
methods: A process ap proach.
[New York]: McGraw-Hill Education.
Colonnello, V., & Heinrichs, M. (2016). Oxytocin and self-
consciousness. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 10, 67.
Diego M. A, Field T, (2009). Moderate pressure massage elicits
a parasympathetic nervous system response. Int J
Neurosci. 119(5):630-8. doi: 10.1080/00207450802329605.
Guarino, D., Nannipieri, M., Iervasi, G., Taddei, S., & Bruno,
R. M. (2017). The role of the autonomic nervous system in the
pathophysiology of obesity. Frontiers in physiology, 8, 665.
Hatch, J., & Goldstein, B. I. (2019). Depression and
Cardiovascular Risk: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and
Implications. In Neurobiology of Depression (pp. 185-196).
Academic Press.
Holdstein, B. I. (2019). Depression and Cardiovascular Risk:
Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Implications. In Neurobiology
of Depression (pp. 185-196). Academic Press.
Hurley, T. (2018). Activating the parasympathetic nervous
system to decrease stress and anxiety. Canyon Vista Recovery
Center. Retrieved on 8/9/2019 from
https://canyonvista.com/activating-parasympathetic-nervous-
18. system/ Pichon, A., & Chapelot, D. (2010). Homeostatic role of
the parasympathetic nervous system in human behaviour. New
York: Nova Science Publisher's.
Lanese, N. (2019). Fight or Flight: The Sympathetic Nervous
System. Retrieved on 8/9/2019 from
https://www.livescience.com/65446-sympathetic-nervous-
system.html
Lee, Y. H., Park, B. N. R., & Kim, S. H. (2011). The effects of
heat and massage application on the autonomic nervous system.
Yonsei medical journal, 52(6), 982-989.
Mathias, C. J., & Bannister, R. (Eds.). (2013). Autonomic
failure: a textbook of clinical disorders of the autonomic
nervous system. OUP Oxford.
Maxwell, j. O. S. E. P. H. A. (2020). Qualitative research
design: An interactive approach. S.l.: Sage Publications.
Mitchell, M. L., Jolley, J. M., & Alumni and Friends Memorial
Book Fund. (2013). Research Design Explained. Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Morse, J. A. N. I. C. E. M. (2030). Mixed-Method Design:
Principles and procedures. Place of publication not identified:
TAYLOR & FRANCIS.
Penn Medicine (2018). Can You Kiss and Hug Your Way to
Better Health? Research Says Yes. Retrieved on 8/9/2019 from
https://www.pennmedicine.org/updates/blogs/health-and-
wellness/2018/february/affection
Thayer, J. F. (January 01, 2017). A Neurovisceral Integration
Model of Heart Rate Variability. Encyclopedia article.
Zur, O. & Nordmarken, N. (2018). To touch or not to touch:
Exploring the myth of prohibition on touch in psychotherapy
and counselling: Clinical, ethical & legal considerations.
Retrieved on 8/9/2019 from https://www.zurinstitute.com/touch-
in-therapy/
19. PSY 790 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
As the final step in your journey toward your master of science
degree in psychology, you will complete a capstone project that
integrates the knowledge and
skills you have developed in previous coursework and over the
duration of the term by creating a research concept paper and
professional presentation that will
be developed for an identified target audience. You will also
reflect on your journey through the psychology program and
how you plan to position yourself
professionally. The capstone project is divided into three
milestones, which will be submitted at various points
throughout the course to scaffold to the final
submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules
Two, Four, and Six. The final capstone project will be
submitted in Module Nine.
This capstone will be assessed somewhat differently than other
courses you have taken online at SNHU. There are three
separate components of the project, but
they all operate together to make up the whole capstone
experience and are not assessed separately. You will be
evaluated on all three components as a unit in
determining whether you have demonstrated proficiency in each
outcome. Your instructor will guide you through this process,
keeping a running narrative of
your strengths and weaknesses in relation to the course
outcomes as you progress through the class. Your work is
expected to meet the highest professional
20. standards.
In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the
following course outcomes:
in promoting agency and the psychological well-being of
individuals, communities, and
organizations
-structured problems by
critically evaluating the relevance, priority, and appropriateness
of various information and
potential courses of action
onduct, and evaluate research through the lens of its
potential to advance knowledge in psychology as well as the
psychological well-being of
individuals, communities, and organizations
generate new knowledge and promote agency and the
psychological well-being of individuals,
communities, and organizations
collaboration and diversity of perspectives into efforts to
promote agency and the psychological
well-being of individuals, communities, and organizations
psychology through the demonstration of ethical comportment
in all aspects of the profession
21. Prompt
For the capstone project, you will first develop a research
concept paper that introduces your topic, research question,
literature review, research methodology,
and ethical considerations. You will also submit a presentation
that should be developed for your identified target audience, as
well as a personal and
professional reflection.
Capstone Component 1: Research Proposal
For the first of three capstone components, you will develop a
well-organized research concept paper that lays the foundation
for a solid plan to implement
research. First, you must choose a relevant problem that aligns
with your focus within the field of psychology and with how
you plan to position yourself
professionally. You can choose a problem that has a gap in our
understanding and then provide an explanation of psychological
phenomena and variables. Or you
can choose an applied problem that directly involves the
psychological well-being of individuals, communities, or
organizations.
The following sections should be included:
1. Introduction/Problem. This should describe the problem
(which may be a research problem or an applied problem), the
purpose of the research, and
the significance of the research. If your research topic is related
to a gap in knowledge, you should clarify what is known and
22. where the conflict or gap in
knowledge exists. If you choose an applied problem, identify
the issue to be addressed and include an accurate and detailed
overview of the issue. In
general, include all information that you think is necessary to
establish a comprehensive analysis and foundation for
understanding your chosen research
topic, including a theoretical framework or the theory that is
guiding your proposal.
This section should address your research question(s). Consider
the following questions: What is the purpose of the proposed
research? How does the
purpose reasonably fit within the research problem? Further,
what are the assumptions and potential limitations associated
with the identified problem
or gap in knowledge or applied problem?
This section should also discuss your target audience, such as
academics, mental health professionals, organizations, and so
on. (This may be a broad
audience for research that is oriented toward contributing to
theory or a specific organization or community for research that
is focused on addressing
applied problems and interventions.) Discuss your target
audience in relation to this proposal and why your research
would be relevant for this
audience. For example, in what way would your research help
address how we understand a phenomenon or help an
organization address a critical
problem?
Your target audience will depend on your area of study. For
example, for students on a general track in this degree program,
your research concept
paper might center on researching a general issue in the area of
23. psychology. If you have a concentration in child and
developmental psychology, your
proposed research must focus on a specific psychological need
or issue surrounding children, adolescents, and/or teens. If you
have a concentration in
industrial and organizational psychology, your proposed
research must focus on factors contributing to the advancement
of an organization’s
performance through application of psychology.
2. Literature Review. This section is an analysis of the scholarly
debate on the theory and research related to your research
question. The literature review
should not be a collection of summaries. Rather, it should be
organized according to the message you want to convey and
appropriately synthesize the
literature into your message. This suggests that you will draw
from multiple sources in order to best communicate your points.
Organize your review so
that it provides a logical argument for the background of your
proposed research and how your research fits into the big
picture.
3. Research Design. This should include a detailed plan to
collect and analyze data, as well as highlight the types of
sources you would use. You may choose
a qualitative or quantitative approach. However, your choice of
method, design, sampling, data collection, analysis, and overall
process should be
justified and logically fit with your research question(s).
24. Proposals that involve implementation of interventions will
have a program evaluation
component that must include research design.
This section will also require you to discuss the reliability and
validity of your measurements. Finally, you should consider
how you will operationalize or
measure the main concepts/variables you are researching and
include a description of your data sources.
4. Ethical Considerations. This should include a thorough
explanation of the ethical considerations related to the topic and
to your proposed study. Your
explanation should address the ethical ramifications of the
problem, the population under study, the data-collection
instruments and their analysis, and
so on. This section should incorporate peer-reviewed literature
as well as relevant codes of conduct (i.e., the American
Psychological Association).
5. Conclusion. In this final section of the text, you will
summarize your study and explain why your proposed research
is significant, highlighting the
practical implications of your potential findings for your target
audience(s). This section should also include an analysis of
your research’s potential
contribution to the field of psychology.
Guidelines for Submission: Your research concept paper should
be 15–20 pages long and should follow American Psychological
Association (APA) style. It should
include a title page, a table of contents, references, and (if
applicable) appendices. In the “real world,” there are usually no
25. page-length requirements, so the
given page range is a suggestion, and you should use your
professional judgment regarding the length of your paper. You
may include illustrations, photographs,
graphs, charts, and other non-textual materials as needed to
support your research concept, but please be sure to format all
of these in APA style. Refer to the
module resources and the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association, sixth edition (required in previous
courses) for guidance in APA style
formatting.
Capstone Component 2: Presentation
For this component, you will develop a presentation that
articulates a convincing need for the proposal you have
developed. The presentation should be
engaging and appealing to your target audience(s). You should
envision yourself giving this presentation before your target
audience(s). This could be, for
example, a boss, fellow scholars at a conference, or a grant
provider.
This is your opportunity to demonstrate your understanding of
the problem you have identified and the need to conduct
research or implement and evaluate an
intervention. Remember that you are seeking support of the
proposal, so knowing your audience and tailoring your message
to them is crucial.
Since you will not actually deliver this presentation in person,
you must create a self-sustaining presentation. A narrated
26. presentation is strongly suggested. The
presentation should adhere to the principles of an effective
presentation, and all of your sources should be cited properly.
There is no minimum or maximum
number of slides required. You should use your judgment to
create a presentation of appropriate length that will convey all
of the necessary information while
keeping the attention of your audience.
Capstone Component 3: Professional Reflection
For the final component of your capstone, you will write a
three- to five-page paper in which you discuss the process and
outcomes of this project, the
experience of giving and receiving feedback from peers, and
how you incorporated feedback from your instructor. You will
also touch briefly on how your
coursework culminated in the capstone project and what you can
take from this project into your workplace. This may include
discussions of unforeseen
problems or obstacles and any surprises. The paper should also
discuss your identified strengths and problems that you
encountered while completing the
project. Finally, the paper will examine how the capstone
project will be useful in the job market or in furthering your
education.
Some of the issues that you could address in this final
component of this capstone may include:
own experience at SNHU.
27. academic program?
you apply what you have learned to your future
academic and/or professional life?
incorporation of empathy, reflectivity, and an appreciation for
collaboration and diversity of
perspectives?
Milestones
Milestone One: Resource Collection
In Module Two, you will collect potential peer-reviewed
resources for your proposal. Summarize the literature in a three-
to five-page paper. Discuss how each
resource relates to your research questions or intervention you
have chosen. In this paper, you may summarize each article in
preparation for the synthesis you
will do as part of Milestone Two. This milestone will be graded
with the Milestone One Rubric. If you have any questions after
reading the feedback for this
submission, reach out to your instructor. Remember that your
instructor is a resource you should utilize throughout the
course.
Milestone Two: Literature Review
In Module Four, you will provide a five- to seven-page paper
integrating your review of the existing research and theory and
tying it to your fully developed
topic. You should have incorporated feedback to revise your
28. research questions and support for the basic or applied study.
This literature review should focus on
relating the existing theory and research to your project. The
literature review is not just a summary of research articles. This
milestone will be graded with the
Milestone Two Rubric. If you have any questions after reading
the feedback for this submission, reach out to your instructor.
Remember that your instructor is a
resource you should utilize throughout the course.
Milestone Three: Methodology, Design, and Data
In Module Six, you will revise your chosen methodology,
design, and data-collection tools as needed. Also, define the
process from the selection of participants
(and stakeholders as applicable) through data collection to data
analysis, including any limitations, delimiters, and assumptions.
Include all ethical
considerations. Paint a picture of the entire process to show how
you will conduct the study. This milestone will be graded with
the Milestone Three Rubric. If
you have any questions after reading the feedback for this
submission, reach out to your instructor. Remember that your
instructor is a resource you should
utilize throughout the course.
Capstone Project Submission: Research Proposal, Presentation,
and Professional Reflection
In Module Nine, you will submit your full capstone project. It
should be a complete, polished artifact containing all of the
critical elements of the final product. It
should reflect the incorporation of feedback gained throughout
the course. This submission will be evaluated with the Final
Project Rubric.
29. Final Project Rubric
This rubric will be applied to all three components as a whole,
and no component will be assessed on its own. The “Possible
Indicators of Success” are examples
for you and the instructor of the types of concepts to look for to
demonstrate proficiency. They are neither exhaustive nor
proscriptive and should be used as
guides for illustrating how your capstone embodies the
outcome. All outcomes are weighted equally.
PSY-790-01: Advocate for and extend psychology’s role and
responsibility in promoting agency and the psychological well-
being of individuals, communities, and organizations
Proficient
100%
Not Proficient
0%
Possible Indicators of Success
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to identify
relevant issues within his or her area of specialization?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to
effectively communicate a need or gap related to well-being?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to
persuasively connect possible solutions to the well-being of
individuals, communities, and organizations?
30. Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to identify
the implications of a specific issue in relation to the
psychological well-being of individuals,
communities, and organizations or of a gap in our understanding
of psychological phenomena?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to identify
key stakeholders and/or users from relevant individuals,
communities, and organizations?
PSY-790-02: Adapt to shifting demands and ill-structured
problems by critically evaluating the relevance, priority, and
appropriateness of various information and potential courses of
action
Proficient
100%
Not Proficient
0%
Possible Indicators of Success
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to
persuasively argue for addressing a specific problem or gap in
knowledge?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to select
relevant and appropriate resources to guide efforts in addressing
a specific problem or gap?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to critically
assess and evaluate the extent to which the potential data are
valid and reliable?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to identify
31. limitations, assumptions, and biases associated with the
identified problem or gap in knowledge?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to
persuasively argue for addressing a specific problem or gap in
knowledge?
PSY-790-03: Design, conduct, and evaluate research through
the lens of its potential to advance knowledge in psychology as
well as the psychological well-being of individuals,
communities, and organizations
Proficient
100%
Not Proficient
0%
Possible Indicators of Success
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to develop
informed research questions that have direct applications for
promoting the psychological well-
being of individuals, communities, or organizations?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to evaluate
and synthesize existing research for the purpose of advancing
knowledge in psychology?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to identify
limitations, assumptions, and ethical considerations in existing
research and the impact of that on
the student’s project?
PSY-790-04: Integrate psychological theories, methods, and
research to generate new knowledge and promote agency and
32. the psychological well-being of individuals, communities, and
organizations
Proficient
100%
Not Proficient
0%
Possible Indicators of Success
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to assess an
issue or gap in knowledge by critically evaluating the relevance,
priority, and appropriateness of
various explanations, related information, and possible courses
of action?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to identify
and integrate relevant theories to generate new knowledge or
promote agency and psychological
well-being of individuals, communities, and organizations?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to select
appropriate research methods, designs, data-collection tools,
and data-analysis tools?
PSY-790-05: Incorporate empathy, reflectivity, and an
appreciation for collaboration and diversity of perspectives into
efforts
to promote agency and the psychological well-being of
individuals, communities, and organizations
Proficient
33. 100%
Not Proficient
0%
Possible Indicators of Success
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to offer a
perspective to others in a manner that demonstrates empathy
and appreciation for others’ views?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to critically
reflect on and integrate the work of others (including instructor
and peer feedback and published
material)?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to
incorporate diverse perspectives?
PSY-790-06: Protect the integrity and professional
responsibility of psychology through the demonstration of
ethical
comportment in all aspects of the profession
Proficient
100%
Not Proficient
0%
Possible Indicators of Success
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to assess
research plans for their ethical ramifications and make resulting
adjustments that maintain the
integrity of the investigation and protect the psychological well-
34. being of others?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to identify
ethical ramifications and needs in others’ work?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to connect
ethical adjustments and mitigation efforts with appropriate
ethical guidelines?
Does the capstone demonstrate the student’s ability to identify
the ethical considerations associated with the individuals,
communities, and organizations most
likely to be affected by the identified gap or problem?