Running head COURSE PROJECT- ROUGH DRAFT .docx

Running head: COURSE PROJECT- ROUGH DRAFT
1
Course project- Rough draft
Weltee Wolo
Rasmussen College
Author Note
This paper is being submitted on November 22, 2016,
for Holli Rich’s B371/GEB3110
Research and Report Writing HSA3110 course

COURSE PROJECT- ROUGH DRAFT
2
1. Introduction
Currently, in the United States and all over the world, women
and men alike are undergoing
procedures to rectify or enhance one part of their body or more.
The industry is a multi-million
dollar one that is reported to generate $10.1 billion each year.
Most of them go into the
procedure without adequate knowledge of the probable
consequences of the surgeries. For those
who are slightly aware, they still go ahead and get the surgeries
done on them and only after the
results have been realized do they start regretting. When such
cases take place is when one sits
down to reflect whether the pain and the features are worth the
effort of cosmetic surgery. The
report below is a compilation of findings from research carried
out to establish just how much
damage the cosmetic surgery has impacted people and expert
opinion on the issue.
2. Background
Women account for ninety-one percent of cosmetic surgery

patients worldwide. As of 2010,
the number of those undergoing surgery had risen by 5 per cent
from the previous years. Many of
the surgeries started off as quick fixes that later on motivated
the women to get into dangerous
forms of operations. According to the American Society of
Plastic Surgeons, the motivation of
undergoing the procedures is fast moving from improving
appearances to look younger. Younger
women are now reported to be undergoing these procedures at
an alarming rate than they were
before ever in history. The Society says that women seeking
cosmetic surgery in their 30s have
risen by 4%, 19 to 34 is the age that prevails among liposuction
procedures at a rate of 30%. The
American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery states that the
new wave of surgeries being seen
in recent years is those of the modern young woman seeking to
trim out unwanted fat to look
3
perfect. It also states that the most common form of aesthetic

surgery is the insertion of breast
implants.
3. Collection of data
3. 1. Primary data
3.1.1. Interviews
For this particular study, a group of patients who had
undergone plastic surgery was
picked. There were a total of 25 patients categorized into the
different form, so procedures have
undergone. For the study to be valid, the women were grouped
together to enhance further
freedom to talk and comfort. The result was that 24 of the
women were not happy with the
results of the surgeries and 20 had their spouses and boyfriend
ditch them after the operations
failed. The other question addressed in the interview was
whether they would think of going for
another procedure to enhance their looks. Only one of the 25
considered doing correctional
surgery again.
3.1.2. Observation
The study involved looking at the physical appearance of the

women who were selected
for the interviews to identify the adverse physical effects of the
surgery further. Only two of the
patients looked ok at face value. The other 23 had notable
appearances. One woman, for
example, had one breast larger than the other which was later
attributed to one implant bursting
as the remaining one was infected. Two younger looking women
had distorted faces which were
attributed to facelifts that went wrong. One woman who had
excessively got Botox injections
had a permanent surprise look on her face and could not show
emotion at all.
4
3.1.3. Open ended questionnaires
There was also the use of open-ended questionnaires that were
distributed among the 25
women under study. The questions asked were those similar to
the ones in the interviews,
however, the fact that they were to be filled individually
ensured that people could further

express their feelings without fear of being judged. The
questionnaires remained anonymous, and
the participants were not to include their names on them.
3.2. Secondary data
The book, “Reshaping the female body: The dilemma of
cosmetic surgery”, is written by
Kathy Davis a senior researcher in the PARIS research program
and associate professor in
universities in Europe. She uses the book to explore and shed
light on cosmetic surgery practice
that has become very popular in recent times especially among
women. Her primary focus being
that average cosmetic surgery consumer trying to identify why
women are doing this with such
increasing frequency. Her perspective facilitates the formulation
of ideas based on the topic
hidden effects of cosmetic surgery and helps explain why
people still indulge despite the
associated risks.
The authors of the article, “Autologous fat grafting in
cosmetic breast Augmentation: A
systematic review on Radiological safety, complications,
volume retention, and patient/surgeon

satisfaction. Aesthetic Surgery Journal” are all experts in the
fields of medicine and hence
possess adequate knowledge to give advice on the topic above.
The journal is based on a study
carried out on the effects of autologous fat grafting. They
studied 22 articles that reported on
about 3500 cosmetic surgery patients they recorded the various
side effects to determine whether
5
the procedure was safe to use. The journal gives information
about some of the adverse effects of
cosmetic surgery.
Dr.Veale is a consultant psychiatrist in cognitive
behavior therapy in the Priory Hospital
in London; he specializes in body dysmorphic disorder and
obsessive-compulsive disorder
(BDD) among other disturbances. In the Journal, he points out
the various side effects that
cosmetic surgery can have on a patient with body dysmorphic
disorder (BDD). Not only are

there appearance defects he also shows that psychological harm
occurs too. The primary journal
audience is patient with BDD and especially those who want to
undertake repeated operations as
there is a possibility of adverse side effects to these operations.
The article sheds light on why
undertaking cosmetic surgery is not an ideal process to go
through and warns against it.
This website “http://botchedface.weebly.com/-
negative-effects.html” is based on
article by Jenna Goudreau a business and women leadership
writer for Forbes. The article looks
at the adverse effects of cosmetic surgery based on data from
the American Society of Plastic
Surgeons and Optum health to determine that women make up a
significant number of cosmetic
surgery patients it’s steadily increasing. In the article, those
who would want to have cosmetic
surgery done are warned of the possible side effects which
include psychological effects to add
to the potential health complications.
This article “Plastic surgery: Beauty or beast?” is
based on research by the American
Psychological Association who wanted to find out the

psychological effects of cosmetic surgery.
Its aim was to find out the patient satisfaction, how those close
to the patient are affected by the
operations, effects on kids and teenagers and whether having
cosmetic surgery done is a body
dysmorphic disorder. The psychologists also wanted to find out
how plastic surgeons could
http://botchedface.weebly.com/-negative-effects.html
6
conduct assessments to determine if the patient would be able to
handle the psychological
effects.
4. Findings from the sources of data
4.1. Emotional impact
Once someone has undergone the procedure, it is always
believed that they will feel
better about themselves especially if it was a procedure that was
to improve a deformity.
According to Dr. Joseph Hullett of OptumHealth, patients are
never fully prepared for the mental

and the emotional costs of the surgery. The stress is always
brought about by the pain after the
procedures, sleepless nights. An example of surgery that could
torment the patient thoroughly is
face-lifting surgery. At the end of the procedure the patient
often ends up looking like they have
been run over by a truck or they received a good punch to their
faces.
4.2. Unexpected outcomes
From the above data collected it is evident that those who have
had these procedures may
suffer from unexpected outcomes. Many women undergo breast
enlargement procedures so as to
boost their self-esteem. They may not, however, predict the
impact that such actions will have on
people around them as well as their family and friends. Men
often associate these procedures
with taking undeserved advantage over their sexuality. At the
end of the day, the patient may not
be accepted by the society. For irreversible procedures, it can
result in depression and self-
loathing, and they may not appreciate what they have gone
through.
4.3. Life threatening changes

7
Experts argue that there is a possibility of the procedures
causing damage to the
recipient's nerves. Interviews conducted gave responses with
similar results. The women being
studied reported changes in their sensitivity in areas around
their breasts. According to
Veale(2000), the process of augmentation and breast surgery
deflated the women's sensitivity.
15% of the respondents attested to reduced sensation around the
nipple area. Hematoma also
resulted from breast augmentation. The problem is said to have
developed in one to six percent
of the women who have undergone the procedure. Hypertrophic
scarring occurred in 2-5 % of
the respondents as well. Besides these damages to the nervous
system, increased breast size also
has an impact on the back and chest of the victim. When the
breast is over enlarged, they can
lead to long-term backaches and discomfort in the chest.

4.4. Beauty botches
These are best described as surgeries and procedures that have
gone wrong. They range
from eyes that cannot shut after corrective surgery, and
permanent surprise looks rendered by
facelifts to sagging lips after liposuctions. Botched surgeries
lead to renovated appearances
where the patient looks nothing like they anticipated or nothing
close to what they looked like
before the surgery. The difference is usually horrendous, and
the victim is left depressed with
even more sociological issues than before. Botched surgeries
may be repairable however it is
uncertain as the results are unknown. Most of the time,
however, the operations are not
reversible.
5. Recommendation
Due to these predictable yet harmful effects, it is recommended
that women stay content
with how they look and not seek temporary and ugly solutions
to their problems. As the old

8
saying goes, beauty lies in the eye of the beholder and no
woman should feel compelled to
change their looks for mere satisfaction and aesthetic reasons.
The associated life-threatening
side effects of the surgeries should be the number one factor
that discourages people from getting
involved with these cosmetic procedures. There is no need for
someone to get into a situation
where there is a very high chance of them developing even more
complicated conditions. For
conditions such as back pains and chest pains, they may never
go away and later on in life, and
they may develop into even more unmanageable conditions for
the victims.
Extreme cases of cosmetic surgery have led to death. These
extremes should be analyzed
by women so that they can learn from them and realize just how
much danger they face when
they risk their lives trying to look beautiful. From the case
studies above the research
recommends that women should be content with how they look
as this is the perfect source of

self-esteem on first hand. Finally, the research is extensive
however there is room for further
contribution towards the consequences of cosmetic surgery that
can be explored in the future by
scholar seeking to work on a similar project.
6. Conclusion
Finally, the consequences and the risks of cosmetic and plastic
surgery are not worth the
effort as seen in the study. They are both a waste of time and
money which can be put into other
uses. No one should risk their life for the sake of going under
the knife so as to look good. A
wise woman is one put’s their money in the right investment
channels and not on things that will
ruin their lives and lead them into misery. The positive impacts
are very short lived and should
be outweighed by the adverse effects which help the women in a
dilemma to make useful
9
decisions about their bodies. IN conclusion, the beauty of the
woman is beyond the physical

appearance as it ranges from being smart and wise.
10
References
Adverse effects. Retrieved from
November 8, 2016.
Association, A. P. (2016). Plastic surgery: Beauty or beast?
Retrieved from:
http://www.apa.org/monitor/sep05/surgery.aspx on November 8,
2016.
Davis, K. (2013). Reshaping the female body: The dilemma of
cosmetic surgery. New York:
Routledge.
Groen, J.-W., Negenborn, V. L., Twisk, J. W. R., Ket, J. C. F.,
Mullender, M. G., & Smit, J. M.
(2016). Autologous fat grafting in cosmetic breast
Augmentation: A systematic review on
Radiological safety, complications, volume retention, and
patient/surgeon satisfaction. Aesthetic Surgery Journal,

36(9), 993–1007.
doi:10.1093/asj/sjw105
Veale, D. (2000). The outcome of cosmetic surgery and DIY’
surgery in patients with body
dysmorphic disorder. Psychiatric Bulletin, 24(6), 218–220.
doi:10.1192/pb.24.6.218
http://www.apa.org/monitor/sep05/surgery.aspx
Running head: COURSE PROJECT- ROUGH DRAFT
1
Course project- Rough draft
Weltee Wolo
Rasmussen College
Author Note
This paper is being submitted on November 22, 2016,
for Holli Rich’s B371/GEB3110
Research and Report Writing HSA3110 course

2
1. Introduction
Currently, in the United States and all over the world, women
and men alike are undergoing
procedures to rectify or enhance one part of their body or more.
The industry is a multi-million
dollar one that is reported to generate $10.1 billion each year.
Most of them go into the
procedure without adequate knowledge of the probable
consequences of the surgeries. For those
who are slightly aware, they still go ahead and get the surgeries
done on them and only after the
results have been realized do they start regretting. When such
cases take place is when one sits

down to reflect whether the pain and the features are worth the
effort of cosmetic surgery. The
report below is a compilation of findings from research carried
out to establish just how much
damage the cosmetic surgery has impacted people and expert
opinion on the issue.
2. Background
Women account for ninety-one percent of cosmetic surgery
patients worldwide. As of 2010,
the number of those undergoing surgery had risen by 5 per cent
from the previous years. Many of
the surgeries started off as quick fixes that later on motivated
the women to get into dangerous
forms of operations. According to the American Society of
Plastic Surgeons, the motivation of
undergoing the procedures is fast moving from improving
appearances to look younger. Younger
women are now reported to be undergoing these procedures at
an alarming rate than they were
before ever in history. The Society says that women seeking
cosmetic surgery in their 30s have
risen by 4%, 19 to 34 is the age that prevails among liposuction
procedures at a rate of 30%. The

American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery states that the
new wave of surgeries being seen
in recent years is those of the modern young woman seeking to
trim out unwanted fat to look
3
perfect. It also states that the most common form of aesthetic
surgery is the insertion of breast
implants.
3. Collection of data
3. 1. Primary data
3.1.1. Interviews
For this particular study, a group of patients who had
undergone plastic surgery was
picked. There were a total of 25 patients categorized into the
different form, so procedures have
undergone. For the study to be valid, the women were grouped
together to enhance further
freedom to talk and comfort. The result was that 24 of the
women were not happy with the
results of the surgeries and 20 had their spouses and boyfriend

ditch them after the operations
failed. The other question addressed in the interview was
whether they would think of going for
another procedure to enhance their looks. Only one of the 25
considered doing correctional
surgery again.
3.1.2. Observation
The study involved looking at the physical appearance of the
women who were selected
for the interviews to identify the adverse physical effects of the
surgery further. Only two of the
patients looked ok at face value. The other 23 had notable
appearances. One woman, for
example, had one breast larger than the other which was later
attributed to one implant bursting
as the remaining one was infected. Two younger looking women
had distorted faces which were
attributed to facelifts that went wrong. One woman who had
excessively got Botox injections
had a permanent surprise look on her face and could not show
emotion at all.

4
3.1.3. Open ended questionnaires
There was also the use of open-ended questionnaires that were
distributed among the 25
women under study. The questions asked were those similar to
the ones in the interviews,
however, the fact that they were to be filled individually
ensured that people could further
express their feelings without fear of being judged. The
questionnaires remained anonymous, and
the participants were not to include their names on them.
3.2. Secondary data
The book, “Reshaping the female body: The dilemma of
cosmetic surgery”, is written by
Kathy Davis a senior researcher in the PARIS research program
and associate professor in
universities in Europe. She uses the book to explore and shed
light on cosmetic surgery practice
that has become very popular in recent times especially among
women. Her primary focus being
that average cosmetic surgery consumer trying to identify why
women are doing this with such

increasing frequency. Her perspective facilitates the formulation
of ideas based on the topic
hidden effects of cosmetic surgery and helps explain why
people still indulge despite the
associated risks.
The authors of the article, “Autologous fat grafting in
cosmetic breast Augmentation: A
systematic review on Radiological safety, complications,
volume retention, and patient/surgeon
satisfaction. Aesthetic Surgery Journal” are all experts in the
fields of medicine and hence
possess adequate knowledge to give advice on the topic above.
The journal is based on a study
carried out on the effects of autologous fat grafting. They
studied 22 articles that reported on
about 3500 cosmetic surgery patients they recorded the various
side effects to determine whether
5
the procedure was safe to use. The journal gives information
about some of the adverse effects of
cosmetic surgery.

Dr.Veale is a consultant psychiatrist in cognitive
behavior therapy in the Priory Hospital
in London; he specializes in body dysmorphic disorder and
obsessive-compulsive disorder
(BDD) among other disturbances. In the Journal, he points out
the various side effects that
cosmetic surgery can have on a patient with body dysmorphic
disorder (BDD). Not only are
there appearance defects he also shows that psychological harm
occurs too. The primary journal
audience is patient with BDD and especially those who want to
undertake repeated operations as
there is a possibility of adverse side effects to these operations.
The article sheds light on why
undertaking cosmetic surgery is not an ideal process to go
through and warns against it.
This website “http://botchedface.weebly.com/-
negative-effects.html” is based on
article by Jenna Goudreau a business and women leadership
writer for Forbes. The article looks
at the adverse effects of cosmetic surgery based on data from
the American Society of Plastic
Surgeons and Optum health to determine that women make up a
significant number of cosmetic

surgery patients it’s steadily increasing. In the article, those
who would want to have cosmetic
surgery done are warned of the possible side effects which
include psychological effects to add
to the potential health complications.
This article “Plastic surgery: Beauty or beast?” is
based on research by the American
Psychological Association who wanted to find out the
psychological effects of cosmetic surgery.
Its aim was to find out the patient satisfaction, how those close
to the patient are affected by the
operations, effects on kids and teenagers and whether having
cosmetic surgery done is a body
dysmorphic disorder. The psychologists also wanted to find out
how plastic surgeons could
6
conduct assessments to determine if the patient would be able to
handle the psychological
effects.

4. Findings from the sources of data
4.1. Emotional impact
Once someone has undergone the procedure, it is always
believed that they will feel
better about themselves especially if it was a procedure that was
to improve a deformity.
According to Dr. Joseph Hullett of OptumHealth, patients are
never fully prepared for the mental
and the emotional costs of the surgery. The stress is always
brought about by the pain after the
procedures, sleepless nights. An example of surgery that could
torment the patient thoroughly is
face-lifting surgery. At the end of the procedure the patient
often ends up looking like they have
been run over by a truck or they received a good punch to their
faces.
4.2. Unexpected outcomes
From the above data collected it is evident that those who have
had these procedures may
suffer from unexpected outcomes. Many women undergo breast
enlargement procedures so as to
boost their self-esteem. They may not, however, predict the
impact that such actions will have on

people around them as well as their family and friends. Men
often associate these procedures
with taking undeserved advantage over their sexuality. At the
end of the day, the patient may not
be accepted by the society. For irreversible procedures, it can
result in depression and self-
loathing, and they may not appreciate what they have gone
through.
4.3. Life threatening changes
7
Experts argue that there is a possibility of the procedures
causing damage to the
recipient's nerves. Interviews conducted gave responses with
similar results. The women being
studied reported changes in their sensitivity in areas around
their breasts. According to
Veale(2000), the process of augmentation and breast surgery
deflated the women's sensitivity.
15% of the respondents attested to reduced sensation around the
nipple area. Hematoma also
resulted from breast augmentation. The problem is said to have

developed in one to six percent
of the women who have undergone the procedure. Hypertrophic
scarring occurred in 2-5 % of
the respondents as well. Besides these damages to the nervous
system, increased breast size also
has an impact on the back and chest of the victim. When the
breast is over enlarged, they can
lead to long-term backaches and discomfort in the chest.
4.4. Beauty botches
These are best described as surgeries and procedures that have
gone wrong. They range
from eyes that cannot shut after corrective surgery, and
permanent surprise looks rendered by
facelifts to sagging lips after liposuctions. Botched surgeries
lead to renovated appearances
where the patient looks nothing like they anticipated or nothing
close to what they looked like
before the surgery. The difference is usually horrendous, and
the victim is left depressed with
even more sociological issues than before. Botched surgeries
may be repairable however it is
uncertain as the results are unknown. Most of the time,
however, the operations are not

reversible.
5. Recommendation
Due to these predictable yet harmful effects, it is recommended
that women stay content
with how they look and not seek temporary and ugly solutions
to their problems. As the old
8
saying goes, beauty lies in the eye of the beholder and no
woman should feel compelled to
change their looks for mere satisfaction and aesthetic reasons.
The associated life-threatening
side effects of the surgeries should be the number one factor
that discourages people from getting
involved with these cosmetic procedures. There is no need for
someone to get into a situation
where there is a very high chance of them developing even more
complicated conditions. For
conditions such as back pains and chest pains, they may never
go away and later on in life, and
they may develop into even more unmanageable conditions for
the victims.

Extreme cases of cosmetic surgery have led to death. These
extremes should be analyzed
by women so that they can learn from them and realize just how
much danger they face when
they risk their lives trying to look beautiful. From the case
studies above the research
recommends that women should be content with how they look
as this is the perfect source of
self-esteem on first hand. Finally, the research is extensive
however there is room for further
contribution towards the consequences of cosmetic surgery that
can be explored in the future by
scholar seeking to work on a similar project.
6. Conclusion
Finally, the consequences and the risks of cosmetic and plastic
surgery are not worth the
effort as seen in the study. They are both a waste of time and
money which can be put into other
uses. No one should risk their life for the sake of going under
the knife so as to look good. A
wise woman is one put’s their money in the right investment
channels and not on things that will
ruin their lives and lead them into misery. The positive impacts

are very short lived and should
be outweighed by the adverse effects which help the women in a
dilemma to make useful
9
decisions about their bodies. IN conclusion, the beauty of the
woman is beyond the physical
appearance as it ranges from being smart and wise.
10
References
Adverse effects. Retrieved from
November 8, 2016.
Association, A. P. (2016). Plastic surgery: Beauty or beast?
Retrieved from:
http://www.apa.org/monitor/sep05/surgery.aspx on November 8,
2016.
Davis, K. (2013). Reshaping the female body: The dilemma of

cosmetic surgery. New York:
Routledge.
Groen, J.-W., Negenborn, V. L., Twisk, J. W. R., Ket, J. C. F.,
Mullender, M. G., & Smit, J. M.
(2016). Autologous fat grafting in cosmetic breast
Augmentation: A systematic review on
Radiological safety, complications, volume retention, and
patient/surgeon satisfaction. Aesthetic Surgery Journal,
36(9), 993–1007.
doi:10.1093/asj/sjw105
Veale, D. (2000). The outcome of cosmetic surgery and DIY’
surgery in patients with body
dysmorphic disorder. Psychiatric Bulletin, 24(6), 218–220.
doi:10.1192/pb.24.6.218
http://www.apa.org/monitor/sep05/surgery.aspx

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