Cellphone technology has both positive and negative impacts on health, behavior, and relationships. Regarding health, cellphone radiation can potentially cause issues like tumors, eye strain, and chronic pain from excessive use. Cellphones also spread germs if not cleaned regularly. On behavior and relationships, overreliance on cellphones can inhibit social and communication skills. Constant connectivity also makes separating work and personal life difficult. Excessive social media use allows people to say things without consequences and share private information widely. Children are especially vulnerable to health risks from radiation and behavioral issues from excessive screen time.

1. Running head: CELLPHONE TECHNOLOGY: HEALTH,
BEHAVIOR & RELATIONSHIPS 1
CELLPHONE TECHNOLOGY: HEALTH, BEHAVIOR &
RELATIONSHIPS 19
All over the world, technology has received great embracement
and perceived as a move towards a more automated world. The
common is a term that the world is just a village on one's palm.
The claim has been affected by the rise of cell technology with
mobile industries and companies growing each new day like
bush fire. New applications and operating systems are joining
the market aimed at reaching new markets and simplifying
things for mobile phone users. Developers are working
tirelessly to identify any flaws in the use of technology and

2. return to provide a suitable solution. Network coverage in the
different parts of the world has been boosted to enable everyone
to enjoy the device they got to hit customer satisfaction. The
mobile phones have impacted peoples' lives at greater depth.
The effects of cell technology are very much evident all over
and profoundly felt. Efforts have been made by researchers to
examine in the broader stance the impact of mobile phones on
people's lives. The results from those researchers indicated that
cell phone users portrayed majorly positive implications of the
cell phone technologies, but also some adverse effects linked to
the constant use of the cell phones were raised. Every individual
can see how cell phone technology has changed their way of life
with the effects spreading to groups, companies, governments,
and generally different life sectors. The impacts can thus be
looked at from sector levels for relaxed discussion and analysis.
Positive and negative effects of cell phone technology have
been witnessed on behavior, social behavior, relationship, and
health sectors.
In today’s life, cell phones have become a big part of our daily
lives. Throughout this paper, we will discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of the use of cell phones and the effects it has on
society and specifically health, how it affects humans’ behavior
and the impact that it has on a relationship. Some of the key
points for this discussion is the exposure of children to this
technology and the effect that it has on them, privacy, decrease
in social interaction, and environmental impact. We cannot deny
the benefits that the cellphones/smartphones have brought to
our lives. Also, the benefits came with a cost. Nowadays 44
percent of cellphone users admit sleeping next to their phone to
ensure they do not miss any important message or phone call.
The later habit is affecting sleeping patterns, quality of sleep
and people’s productivity. Furthermore, people can stay
connected 24 hours with work posing a distraction from family
and personal activities
First, we will start talking about the health effect of cell phones
on humans. Cell phones depend on electromagnetic radiations to

3. receive and transfer data. During data transmission, the device
gives off harmful radiation, which affects human health. The
radiation cannot be felt and when released, the radiation
penetrates the body affecting the DNA and structure of the
human cell. (Borelli, 2013). The radiations are of different
frequencies and wavelengths. Several diseases are induced by
radiations such as infertility, hearing impairment, and brain
tumors. Hearing impairment cans result from loud disturbance.
Tumors result when the tissues of the body grow abnormally.
Cell phone radiations lead to the death of somebody cells and
during replacement by other cells, tumors may develop. Some
tend to be cancerous such as the malignant brain tumor while
others are non-cancerous like the benign tumor.
Besides, Cell phones not only carry important personal data but
also germs, which are harmful to the heath of a person. Most
people who use cell phones tend to place them in different
places where they may collect germs. A report from researches
indicated that one in every six cell phones is contaminated with
some sort of fecal matter. (Elsevier Health Sciences, 2011).
This is probably because the owners of the phones do not wash
their hands thoroughly with soaps after leaving the toilet. The
bacteria found in some of the cell phones was the E. coli
bacteria, which is normally found in the fecal region. Ingestion
of the bacteria leads to severe health problems such as diarrhea,
vomiting, and fever. Dirty hand also has different kinds of
bacteria, which can contaminate the phone. Thus, upon sharing
the phone with another person, the bacteria may be transferred
leading to health problems if the person fails to clean his or her
hands thoroughly.
Bright screens and small texts also affect the health of the
eyes. Since most cell phones are handheld which means that
their viewing is at a close range, the user is required to
constantly focus and reposition the device to process the text
and graphics on the screen. According to the Vision Council,
most people in the United States spend six to eight hours a day
glued to their smartphones. As the frequency and length of

4. usage time increases, the greater the potential of getting vision
problems. (Borelli, 2013). Irritation and redness of the eye
result from eyestrain. Blurred vision, neck pain as well as
headaches are also associated with the too much use of cell
phones. Other than vision problems, cell phones also increase
the risk of chronic pain. In most cases, the device is required to
be in our hands when in use like when sending an email or a
text message. The phone is normally held between the neck and
the shoulder. Rapid responses to text messages in that position
may result in the inflammation of the joints causing pains. Back
pain is the most common for frequently mobile users. (Naeem,
2014). In extreme cases, cell phone usage can cause a person to
arch the neck or develop a strange relaxation posture.
Secondly, we will discuss the effects of cell phones on humans
and the social impact it carries. People have become very
dependent on cell phones, which has made people stop
developing skills since they rely on cell phones for these tasks.
For example, nowadays most of us do not even know our cell
phone number nor the cell phone number of our family
members, and it does not stop here, we have stopped looking at
the street names and we rely on peoples review to make a
simple dinner reservation (Boylan, 2014). Another issue that
cell phones have caused is the increase in stolen individual’s
data due to phone hacks or the use of applications that gather
information from our cell phones without our knowledge. Cell
phones are so central to our lives that we do not stop to think
about how much personal information our cell phones have. Cell
phones not only have our birth date blood type, height, weight,
house address, work address, credit, and debit card information,
fingerprints/face recognition; it also has our daily routines as
locations, where do we work, where do we go after work, it
knows what we read and what we listen, etc. With all this
information added in our cell phones, it is extremely easy for
hackers or applications to have access to all this sensitive
information. Also, when we download applications to our cell
phones, we are giving them access to some of our data. Which

5. leads the application developers to sell this information to
companies without the individual’s knowledge. Our cell phones
have more information about us than we acknowledge, and
companies can make a profit from it. If you notice on most
applications, they want access to your camera or/and
microphone. This leads up to hackers getting access to photos or
ear dropping on the conversation through the microphone. There
has been an increase in the application that big companies such
as Walmart, Target, and Best Buy make it seem so convenient
by saying “you can scan the product to see the price by using
the application” which required the individual to allow access to
the camera and photos (Deutsche, 2017). These little sneaky
moves open the doors to hackers and immoral photos that may
be of an individual’s phone to be stolen.
Understanding that within society there are two types of human
beings, the ones that make decisions based on practicality and
the ones that make decisions based on the thought process an
ethics values (Boylan, 2014). Nowadays, all our decisions have
larger implications than they used to have; by buying a product
we tend to support a way of farming, a way of employment, an
ideology, etc.
Sadly, the use of social media has enabled users to express their
opinions without thinking of the consequences. Using the
applications within our cell phone, social media is available 24/
7. The reason behind this is that people hide behind an “avatar”
and they feel that they can make any statement regardless if it is
moral or not. Social media helps individuals to hide and express
themselves as if they were face to face with someone. The
individual would have to think about the consequences that
come with words and actions. There is a misconception that we
can have another personality on the internet and social media,
like if its social media there were not social rules (Hyman,
2014). As we see today, there is an increase of posts or
comments that celebrities and politicians have made in their
past and it is coming back to haunt them and, in some cases, has
ruined their careers.

6. Further, when we share information through social media, the
owner of the content loses control. Once the information is
loaded in the system, the content can be shared or exploited
without the owner realizing it. Besides, social interactions may
not be as straightforward as they use to be. Nowadays our
primary means of communication is a text message, we do not
use the cell phone to talk as we use too. It seems that today’s
technology has eliminated our skills to talk and communicate; it
is more convenient to send a text message or an email than to
grab the phone and talk in real-time. This type of
communication can lead to misunderstanding. When texting
sometimes things are taking out of context and may appear to
some as flirting, but the individual may just be a nice person.
That is the difference when interacting with people in the
society; you can see body language and facial expression while
talking. This leaves no room for assumptions and from anything
to be taken out of context.
As for individuals, socializing and getting to interact with new
people has decreased significantly due to cell phones. Today, at
your fingertips they have applications that you can look for
people you are compatible with, share the same interests and
hobbies. Before all this technology, people would go interact
with others through school, parties, get together, and just
hanging out with friends. I would like to add to this that in
today’s time everyone is busy which makes interaction with
other limited. Also, in new school models and work models
(where you can study and work from home), the social
interaction is non-existent, causing that most of our
communication with the outside world is through technology
(Boylan, 2014). Cell phones have given us access to social
networks such as Twitter, Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, these
applications allow us to interact with the world by posting
pictures or statuses of what people are doing. These
applications are a good way to communicate with friends and
family that may be abroad and when communication is not easy
due to time differences. On the other hand, if the above issues

7. are not a problem, I see these applications as a disadvantage
because it can cause jealousy or envy among people you share
these precious moments. In addition, several comments can be
taken out of contexts, not to mention that companies are using
social media to determine the type of person you may be before
they hire you, even the immigration office of the US is using
the social media as means to gather data from people coming to
the US under a VISA (Geser, 2005).
Cell phones are having a negative influence on social
interaction in today’s environment. Some interesting question
has arisen from this topic. Would you break up by sending a
text message? How much of your social life do you conduct
through text messages? Do you schedule face-to-face time? Do
you track where your friends are by texting? Do you have
conversations with text messages (Hyman, 2014)? In recent
studies that have taken place about cellphones, usage in
different age categories reviles some interesting information.
The study analysis individuals from ages 18-24, 25-34, 35-49,
and 50-68. The research concluded that young adults use
cellphones in many ways. Such as text-messaging adults are the
mean of communication with others as for older adults, they
may average 10 text messages per day. As for calling, it is
surprisingly almost the same. About 90 percent of both age
groups got less than 10 calls per day (Hyman, 2014). Therefore,
the quick message is that younger adults are texting in more
situations, using it to contact friends and see texting as
acceptable. On the other hand, some people try to explain young
adult’s behavior as they are socially interacting by using their
cell phones and it is not an addiction. Older adults should not
make judgments about cell phone use in younger adults, we
should withhold the negative evaluations of people constantly
checking their cell phones. Perhaps instead we can respect the
cell phone and internet natives. These young adults have grown
up using cell phones and the internet (Hyman, 2014).
Throughout this paper, we will relate to children and the effect
it has on them from a health, social behavior, and a relationship

8. aspect. Young children are at a greater risk than adults are
because their skulls and neural systems are not fully developed.
Have you ever let your child use your cell phone just to keep
them entertained? If you are a parent, I am sure you are guilty
of doing just that. Have you ever stopped to think of the
potential harm that you may be doing though? With the rapid
advancements in technology, kids these days are being exposed
to smartphones increasingly at a younger age. Doctors Maja
Ružić-Baf and Andrea Debeljuh are professors at the University
of Juraj Dobrila of Pula, Faculty of Educational Sciences in
Pula, Croatia (Ružić-Baf, Rajović, Debeljuh, 2017). Their
associate, Ranko Rajović, is a professor at the University of
Primorska, Faculty of Education in Koper, Slovenia (Ružić-Baf,
Rajović, Debeljuh, 2017). Together they have published many
peer-reviewed papers recorded in the Croatian Scientific
Bibliography Database (CROSBI) concerning early childhood
development and the effects of smartphones thereof (Ružić-Baf,
Rajović, Debeljuh, 2017). Their research proves that children
are spending more time online using smartphone devices
(Ružić-Baf, Rajović, Debeljuh, 2017). This type of behavior,
they argue, promotes a sedentary lifestyle and an overall
decrease in movement altogether (Ružić-Baf, Rajović, Debeljuh,
2017). This may lead to certain types of disorders such as
dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia, especially among
children starting the first grade (Ružić-Baf, Rajović, Debeljuh,
2017 It is not uncommon to see children that are barely old
enough to hold a cellphone, let alone operate one. I know most
parents do not see a problem with this practice, especially if the
child is learning something new Cell phones increase the rate of
absorption of the electromagnetic waves into their body. During
the installation of the WLAN, a network is created using a
router and the connected devices communicate through the
network. During data transmission, electromagnetic radiations
are emitted, and the presence of a child around may result in a
major impact on the human physical structure of the child. The
effect of a cell phone on children at a young age is a very big

9. topic in today’s time. Just as cell phones affecting young adults
and older adults, we must not forget nor ignore the major effect
on children at a young age. Children have become able to
operate a cell phone at a very young age. This is mainly to the
fact that in most cases for a family to obtain a good life, they
require that both parents work, which leads to kids getting less
attention from their parents. After long days at work, some
parents give their kids' cell phone/iPad to play a game or watch
videos to make them stop crying or keep them occupied (Sagoff,
2008). These behavior habits are creating an addiction to
children. This has created many effects today, children are
having health issues because they do not stay active, they would
rather play video games or any device. This has caused an
increase in obesity and medical conditions occurring in children
at young ages. For example, low vitamin D due to lack of doing
outdoor activities. Anger issues because they are not interacting
with others at a young age, they always think everything must
be there way and once it does not happen, they have a tantrum
(Sagoff, 2008).
The use of smartphones by children can have tremendous effects
on their behavior because smartphones are directly linked with
the development of Attention Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
The use of smartphones by children has also been attired to the
development of dyslexia, various sleeping disorders, and
problems mimicking that of an addiction. The Centers for
Disease Control (CDC) have published two studies in recent
history concerning children and smartphones (Edwards, 2017).
The first study, conducted in 2011, showed a direct correlation
between the increases in ADHD diagnosis with the increase in
reported screen time by the parents (Edwards, 2017). They
conducted a follow-up study in 2016 that, not only confirmed
their original data but showed the largest increase in ADHD
cases reported to children that are born into lower-class families
(Edwards, 2017). Putting all this information together, it is
reasonable to conclude that smartphone use by children is
potentially dangerous. Not only does it increase the likelihood

10. of developing issues with attention, but it is also increasing the
likelihood of developing additional behavioral problems in the
future.
To understand the link between smartphone technology and
the development of childhood behavioral, we investigate the
published works of Doctor Hosokawa and Doctor Katsura of
Japan. Throughout their research, Doctor Hosokawa and Doctor
Katsura were able to establish a link between childhood
behavioral issues and the duration of time spent on smartphone
devices (Hosokawa, Katsura, 2018). The study concluded that
children who spend longer durations of time on smartphones
have a significantly higher chance of developing short or long-
term emotional problems (Hosokawa, Katsura, 2018). Unusual
mood swings, extreme lows followed by extreme highs are all
common side effects of prolonged use (Hosokawa, Katsura,
2018). Reports of short-term outbursts where more prevalent in
children who reported using smartphones with longer durations
(Hosokawa, Katsura, 2018). On a good note, however, the
emotional outburst was found to dissipate once the usage of
smartphones was removed, and the child no longer had access to
the device (Hosokawa, Katsura, 2018). While this part of the
study is good news for parents, some problems that may develop
that just will not go away.
(Ružić-Baf, Rajović, Debeljuh, 2017). Other areas of concern
may be a difficulty with spelling and/or the inability to translate
their thoughts to paper (Ružić-Baf, Rajović, Debeljuh, 2017).
The use of smartphones by children may also affect their
quality of sleep. According to a recent study, adolescents that
own smartphones will sleep less on school days than their peers
(Schweizer, Barrense-Dias, Akre, Suris, Berchtold, Schweizer,
2017). In addition to sleeping less than non-owners, long-term
smartphone owners will sleep less than new owners of
smartphones will as well (Schweizer, Barrense-Dias, Akre,
Suris, Berchtold, Schweizer, 2017). Parents may be able to
identify whether their child is getting enough sleep by looking
out for the signs (Schweizer, Barrense-Dias, Akre, Suris,

11. Berchtold, Schweizer, 2017). Signs may include problems at
school, low grades, difficulty in concentrating, and unusual
daytime drowsiness (Schweizer, Barrense-Dias, Akre, Suris,
Berchtold, Schweizer, 2017). While most parents would see the
obvious cure to these problems as simply taking their
smartphone away, they may find that easier said than done
(Schweizer, Barrense-Dias, Akre, Suris, Berchtold, Schweizer,
2017). If your child has been using their smartphone device for
many years, addiction-like symptoms are likely to occur.
According to a 2016 study conducted by the World Health
Organization (WHO), children spend 3.3 hours daily with their
smartphone, and 85% of them treat their smartphone as the most
important thing in their lives (Marieta, Melinda, Monika, Csilla-
Júlia, & I., 2016). In today’s modern society, it seems that
smartphones have become a part of our everyday lives.
However, in the case of children and smartphones, it may just
have negative consequences (Marieta, Melinda, Monika, Csilla-
Júlia, & I., 2016). In the case of 256 school-aged children, with
age between 9-16 years, this just may prove to be the case.
Also, traffic hazards are associated with cell phone usage. Some
people do not realize the dangers accompanying with using a
cell phone while driving. In most countries, almost 60 drivers
talk once on their phones within a week when driving. The
usage may be receiving a call, sending a text message or
replying to an email. Such activities hold the attention of the
driver more than any other distractors. The driver ends up
paying less attention to the road, which is dangerous. (Borelli,
2013). Younger drivers who are around their early and late 20s
pose the highest levels of cell phone distractions leading to a
high rate of fatal accidents. The blame does not only fall on the
drivers but also pedestrians who are always on their phones
Third, the communication aspect of cell phones is what
influences the relationship between teens and their parents.
Parents often struggle with communication between their
adolescent children and themselves. Teenagers and their phones
are often inseparable. Teenagers use their phones for

12. everything. That is how they are easily reached by anyone. In
2008, it was reported that 79% of teens owned a cell phone
(Weisskirch, 2011). This allows for more parents to
communicate and keep track with their teens. That is important
because many times, as children get to certain ages, they began
to go places without their parents, and this can cause parents to
worry about their safety. Cell phones serve as a portable means
of communication. Parents will not have to worry about their
child or their whereabouts. They can simply pick up the phone
and call their child and make sure that everything is okay.
Being able to contact your child whenever you want is a great
thing for parents but doing it excessively will cause teens to
become agitated and secretive. A survey was done, and it was
determined that parents experienced greater communication and
closeness when the teens initiated the calls and the calls were
more about social topics. Teens found greater conflict when
their parents contacted them about schoolwork or to track their
locations (Weisskirch, 2011). Teens would rather contact their
parents and talk about what they want to talk about instead of
their parents contacting them about what they deem as a
negative topic. This can be difficult for parents because their
main thought is to contact their child when they believe that
they need to either get information or tell them some
information. Teens want to initiate the conversation on their
terms. This does build a better relationship between parents and
teens.
Cell phones also allow families to become more organized.
This is done by making sure that everyone is on the same page
when it comes to important events. Many families have started
to create group text messages. This helps with making sure
chores get done and knowing who will perform what task. If a
parent sends their child to the store to pick up some groceries,
they can send them a text with a grocery list and their teen will
know what to get. This can take the place of notes being left
around the house and it ensures that any message is received
and seen by their teen.

13. There is always a fight between teens and being socially
accepted by their peers. In Japan, students have become very
dependent on their Keitai, which is a Japanese phone. Many of
the students reported that being able to email on their Keitai
was useful for their friendships (Kamibeppu & Sugiura, 2005).
Many students that participated in the survey stated that they
found themselves not being able to live without their Keitai and
send emails to their friends more than 10 times a day. Even
though this was done in Japan, many of our teenagers
experience the same affects. Cell phones are used to keep in
contact with friends outside of school. This is how teens build
relationships when school is out, including weekends and
summer break. This is their main source of communication.
They can get to know people, and in return, they feel more
socially accepted.
Teens also struggle with peer relationships. They are very
dependent on the relationships between them and their peers.
They want to build friendships with others. This can cause them
to become dependent on their phones. If teens feel that their
peer relationship attachment is poor, they will look for ways to
satisfy that need. They will do this by establishing and
maintaining peer relations via social networking services
activities on their cell phones (You & Lim, 2019).
Cell phones have become a huge distraction between
couples. Many times, couples are together physically, but not
mentally due to one or both being on their cell phones. This is
known as phubbing in the article, and it has an impact on the
satisfaction of the relationship. A relationship is considered
satisfying when both parties are physically and mentally
available to their partners. This means that when they are
together, they are giving each other their undivided attention.
Phubbing causes problems in relationships (Roberts & David,
2015). People do not want to feel ignored when they are in the
presence of someone else. This causes a negative feeling within
those relationships. People allow their phones to be more
important than the people that should matter most. This is where

14. the problem comes in. The phones are not the issue, but the
constant use and dependency on them are what causes the
issues. This can make your significant other not feel wanted or
needed. The use of cell phones causes conflict within the
relationship.
Relationships can be negatively impacted by cell phones
because they can allow the trust to be broken by individuals.
Many times, cell phones can be used to be unfaithful to your
partner. It also can serve to be accused of things that you are
not doing. If your significant other feels that you are spending
too much time on your cell phone, it can cause issues within the
relationship. This will cause couples to place restrictions on the
usage of them. Many couples like to dictate who their
significant other can and cannot communicate with on their cell
phone. They also like to establish what they feel is appropriate
use and what they feel is not. Many couples set rules in place
and this helps them to avoid the repercussions of monitoring
calls and texts that may be considered inappropriate (Miller-Ort,
et al, 2012). This can help eliminate issues that may arise from
a lack of trust. If couples do not set the rules in place, they can
end up doing things that can cause conflict within their
relationship. There is a direct correlation between satisfaction
with cell phone usage and the relationship (Miller-Ort, et al,
2012). If couples are satisfied with how they are using their cell
phones, their relationship will be in good standings. If they are
having problems with their cell phone usage, then they will
have issues within their relationship. This is a major impact on
their relationship.
Finally, one of the most critical impacts is environmental. It is
believed that by 2040 the cellphones will have the biggest
carbon footprint in the tech industry. According to research, the
smartphone components such as the motherboard and the chip
require the most amount of energy to be produced. While these
phones consume little energy to operate, 85% of their emissions
are generated during the manufacturing process. Not to mention
that they have a short shelf life and users constantly upgrade

15. their phones for a marginal change. It is worth to mention that
the network companies also consume a significant amount of
energy to operate. Humans must understand their relationship
with the environment to move forward with technological
advancements while using resources rationally and preserving
nature. This will require a complete renovation of our current
economic and political structure. If we continue to encourage
development and expansion, we will see major effects not only
in the climate change and in ecosystems, but also in societies
and in the way, we relate to each other (Boylan, 2014). The cell
phone has many effects on society and the most affected is the
environment. On the topic of cell phone and environment, it has
many effects that many may not be aware of. For example, a
recyclable cell phone contains battery and carbon footprints
(Boylan, 2014).
Nowadays, cell phones carry an important status in society.
People always want the most up to date cell phone out there. In
today’s market, cell phones cost a lot of money with most
starting at $999. These companies are introducing cell phones
along with many other electronic devices every year. Cell
phones can impact all of us through our health, social
behaviors, and relationships. Through proper monitoring, we
can use cell phones so that we see the positive impact versus
what can be deemed as a negative impact. Cell phones are a
great source of communication and they can benefit us in our
daily lives. Discovering the effects that cell technology have on
our lives can help us to better understand how we can turn all
the negative impacts into positive impacts. Our health,
behaviors, and relationships are important to us and the
environment around us.

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Running head: impact of cellphone technology 1
impact of cellphone technology 2Impact of Cellphone
Technology on Health, Behavior and RelationshipsHistorical
Timeline and Predecessor Assessment
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Series 1 Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
Category 4 4.3 2.5 3.5 4.5 Series 2 Category 1
Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 2.4
4.4000000000000004 1.8 2.8 Series 3 Category 1
Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 2 2 3
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