This document is an annotated bibliography focusing on diabetes care and includes summaries of multiple scholarly articles that discuss patient empowerment, lifestyle intervention, psychosocial care, and the importance of self-management education for diabetic patients. It also details a case study of a 35-year-old male patient, James Anderson, who suffers from type 1 diabetes and various psychological and social challenges exacerbated by his condition. The document emphasizes the significance of counseling, self-exploration, and comprehensive care in managing diabetes effectively.

1. Running Head: Annotated Bibliography on diabetes care 3
Annotated Bibliography- patient recommendation Plan
Introduction
Just like any other patient e.g. the cancer patients, diabetic
patients require a lot of care and support not only from medical
personals but also their families and the community at large.
Recent studies have shown that diabetic cases are increasing in
the country, this mean that a lot of attention has to be focused
on how the patient can get maximum care and control measure.
This paper present scholarly articles that can help in developing
SMART care plan for diabetic patients.
Castro, E. M., Van Regenmortel, T., Vanhaecht, K., Sermeus,
W., & Van Hecke, A. (2016). Patient empowerment, patient
participation and patient-centeredness in hospital care: a
concept analysis based on a literature review. Patient education
and counseling, 99(12), the article evaluates the basis of patient
care basing on three concept which revolve around effective
patient care which are the concept of patient care as being
patient centered, patient participation and patient
empowerment.. According to the authors, this three concept
despite being introduced within the medical field, their precise
meaning and understanding remains unclear. The article
concludes that concept of empowering patients is more
important and wide more than participation and being centered.
Chen, L., Pei, J. H., Kuang, J., Chen, H. M., Chen, Z., Li, Z.
W., & Yang, H. Z. (2015). Effect of lifestyle intervention in
patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-
analysis. Metabolism, 64(2), 338-347. The authors look at the
factors associated with the current life and how they relate
directly or indirectly to patients suffering from diabetes. They
also analyze the impacts of changing life on clinical aspect as
far as diabetic care is concerned. The articles through Meta -
analysis concludes that intervention on life has important

2. benefit in controlling factors that are associated diabetic and
other cardiovascular diseases.
American Diabetes Association. (2015). 4. Foundations of care:
education, nutrition, physical activity, smoking cessation,
psychosocial care, and immunization. Diabetes
care, 38(Supplement 1), S20-S30.: the website outlines key
factors that are important in successful care for patient with
diabetic issues, the association focuses on self-care, support and
education on diabetes. According to the website, diabetes self-
care (management) education, (DSME), together with DSMS
(diabetes self- management support) should be given to diabetic
patients.
Simmons, L. A., Wolever, R. Q., Bechard, E. M., & Snyderman,
R. (2014). Patient engagement as a risk factor in personalized
health care: a systematic review of the literature on chronic
disease. Genome medicine, 6(2), 16. The article thoroughly
reviews the connection that is between the engagement of
patients and results on health care in relation to chronic issues,
the authors try to understand if there is need for patient’s
engagement classified as a critical factor in health care as a way
of controlling risks and improve individualized medical
practice. The author conclude that quantification of patient
engagement as one of the inclusive health risk evaluation is
important because of its effectiveness in assisting patients.
Young-Hyman, D., De Groot, M., Hill-Briggs, F., Gonzalez, J.
S., Hood, K., & Peyrot, M. (2016). Psychosocial care for people
with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes
Association. Diabetes care, 39(12), 2126-2140. The article gives
a guideline to diabetic care through psychological evaluation
together with care for PWD including their families, the
recommendation by the authors focus on clinical methods, the
consensus of experts together with interventions that have been
tested, considering resources that are available, the burden on
practitioners and patterns of practice. The authors conclude that
basing on the life duration associated with chronic diseases, it
is important to consider psychological factors in medication.

3. References
Young-Hyman, D., De Groot, M., Hill-Briggs, F., Gonzalez, J.
S., Hood, K., & Peyrot, M. (2016). Psychosocial care for people
with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes
Association. Diabetes care, 39(12), 2126-2140.
American Diabetes Association. (2015). 4. Foundations of care:
education, nutrition, physical activity, smoking cessation,
psychosocial care, and immunization. Diabetes
care, 38(Supplement 1), S20-S30.:
Castro, E. M., Van Regenmortel, T., Vanhaecht, K., Sermeus,
W., & Van Hecke, A. (2016). Patient empowerment, patient
participation and patient-centeredness in hospital care: a
concept analysis based on a literature review. Patient education
and counseling, 99(12),
Chen, L., Pei, J. H., Kuang, J., Chen, H. M., Chen, Z., Li, Z.
W., & Yang, H. Z. (2015). Effect of lifestyle intervention in
patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-
analysis. Metabolism, 64(2), 338-347.
Simmons, L. A., Wolever, R. Q., Bechard, E. M., & Snyderman,
R. (2014). Patient engagement as a risk factor in personalized
health care: a systematic review of the literature on chronic
disease. Genome medicine, 6(2), 16.
Running head: DIABETIC PATIENT
1
DIABETIC PATIENT
1

4. Counseling Session: 1-Diabetic Patient
Diabetic Patient
Names: James Anderson
Age: 35 years old
Gender: Male
Race: white
Marital status: Divorced
Occupation: Unemployed
Sexual orientation: heterosexual
Language: English
Religious: Christianity
Location: Brooklyn, NY, USA
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Recently, Mr Anderson has been complaining of his stomach
after every meal. The patient has a breathing problem. He
indicates that he has difficulty in breathing. Besides, his breath
always smells like fruit. Additionally, Mr Anderson has been
sweating more often even in cold days and urinates a lot. He
also has a flushed face, and his mouth and skin are always
scaly. Mr Anderson has a higher blood sugar level. He has 8%
A1C level. The blood sugar level of this patient is 205mg/dl.

5. Psychological Factors
Three years ago, Mr Anderson divorced his wife due to
interpersonal differences. The wife complained he had increased
his alcohol intake. Also, Mr Anderson was frequently getting
into a war with his wife while drunk. Besides, last year, this
patient was restricted from ATD disease/ his doctor also
reported that he had been suffering from BA and vitiligo. Last
month, I treated Mr Anderson for autoimmune thyroid disease.
Additionally, Mr Anderson has lost hope in life and is suffering
from psychological and low self esteems. The patient's mother,
Mrs Jordan, who brought him to the hospital, has indicated that
his son has passed through a stressful life event. His father
abandoned them while he was six years old, and he was usual
bullied as a teenager.
Special Consideration
Mr Anderson has been suffering from heart disease form three
years now besides he can’t see clearly and seem to have lost his
gearing capability. He has a wound on his feet that has refused
to heal. He is also a heavy drinker, and he relies on alcohol to
relieve his depression regarding the loss of his family and lost
his job. Mr Anderson is an introvert person who has no friends
and always lives lonely lives. The only friend he had was his
dog that his son killed. Mr Anderson his jobless because he lost
his job six months ago. His house got burnt with all of his
properties four months ago after electric default in his home.
Currently is leaving with his mother and stepfather who despise
him.
Assessment
Mr Anderson is aware of his low self-esteem, and that is why he
indicated that he consumes alcohol to gain confidence.
However, he does not know that he has developed type one
diabetes. He noted that he had a kidney problem due to his
heavy drinking and frequent sweating and urinating; however,
after I conducted a diagnosis in him, I told him that he has type

6. one diabetes. At first, he was confused, and he thought it was
the end of the world for him. However, after the counseling
process, he promised to stop his alcohol consumption, increase
his interactions with people in a social setting, and take his
insulin to help him live a healthier life.
Brief Transcript
COUNSELOR: Hello, I am Neicey, I’m am your counselor
CLIENT: Hi, I'm James.
COUNSELOR: How are you feeling today?
CLIENT: I’m feeling okay, I guess.
COUNSELOR: It’s alright to feel okay. How are you feeling
about this new experience of being able to speak with someone
that is only here to help guide you through those okay days and
get you to more days that are great?
CLIENT: I am actually quite nervous. I’m not used to sharing
my thoughts or feelings with anyone.
COUNSELOR: Well I am here not to tell you what to do, how to
feel, or what to think. I am here to help you process things,
make healthy decisions for yourself, and teach you how to cope
with everyday issues/decisions that you may struggle with. Are
you okay with that?
CLIENT: Yes, I guess.
COUNSELOR: Okay great. So, what has your day been like so
far today?
CLIENT: Well I woke up and didn’t really see the point in
getting out of bed but I did. I had a few drinks before coming
here to see you.
COUNSELOR: Thank you for sharing that with me and for
filling out the self-assessment questionnaire before meeting
with me today. Well that is a great thing that you chose to get
out of bed even though you didn’t feel like it. Why did you
choose to drink before coming here?
CLIENT: Well, it makes me feel less sad and helps me deal with
everything.
COUNSELOR: So to start off with for our next session, try to
have a glass or two of water when you wake up instead of

7. alcohol. I mean you have already taken much effort to come and
see me today. So, I’m going to challenge you to that for our
next session.
CLIENT: Okay I can try to do that.
Importance of Primary Counselling Skills
Applying necessary counseling skills helped me in interacting
with this patient. It enables me to create a conducive
atmosphere for Mr. James to be free and open with me. It is
essential to lead the client and address assumptions initially and
plan for the termination in the initial sessions. This allows the
patient to build trust leading the client to help a counselor to
prioritize his questions and look for a particular answer during
the counselling process (Dollarhide, Shavers, Baker, Dagg, &
Taylor, 2012). Additionally, counsellors are required to address
assumptions to allow them to come up with a proper medical
diagnosis.
Health Behavior Measurement
I used a self-report model to gather information regarding the
client overall wellness and health. I used this model because he
allowed me to conduct a poll administer questionnaire and
survey by asking the client to tell me about his believes,
attitudes and well-being (Kessler & Alverson, 2013). I use a
specific format to facilitate client self-exploration. I began by
asking the patient about his demographic, skill, behavioral
factors, environmental factors and health factors (Kessler &
Alverson, 2013). This method was essential in the self-
exploration of the patient.

8. References
Dollarhide, C. T., Shavers, M. C., Baker, C. A., Dagg, D. R., &
Taylor, D. T. (2012). Conditions that create therapeutic
connection: A phenomenological study. Counseling and Values,
57(2), 147-161.
Kessler, T. A., & Alverson, E. M. (2013). Influence of lifestyle,
health behavior, and health indices on the health status of
underserved adults. Journal of the American Association of
Nurse Practitioners, 25(12), 674-681.