This document contains a seminar presentation on the lifestyle and nutritional profile of patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The presentation includes an introduction stating that diabetes is increasing worldwide and is linked to obesity and inactivity. It then outlines the objectives, methods, results and discussion. The results show that most patients had high blood glucose levels at diagnosis, which decreased after lifestyle changes. Their diets were generally high in calories, carbohydrates and fats. The conclusion is that controlling diabetes requires modifying one's diet and lifestyle through exercise, traditional foods and potentially medicine.
Sarcopenic obesity is a chronic condition, which is due to progressively aging populations, the increasing incidence of obesity, and lifestyle changes. The increasing prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in elderly has augmented interest in identifying the most effective treatment. This article aims at highlighting potential pathways to muscle impairment in obese individuals, the consequences that joint obesity and muscle impairment may have on health and disability, recent progress in management with attention on lifestyle management and pharmacologic therapy involved in reversing sarcopenic obesity. Recent findings: It has been suggested that a number of disorders affecting metabolism, physical capacity, and quality of life may be attributed to sarcopenic obesity. Excess dietary intake, physical inactivity, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and hormonal changes may lead to the development of sarcopenic obesity. Weight loss and exercise independently reverse sarcopenic obesity. Optimum protein intake appears to have beneficial effects on net muscle protein accretion in older adults. Myostatin inhibition causes favourable changes in body composition. Testosterone and growth hormone offer improvements in body composition but the benefits must be weighed against potential risks of therapy. GHRH-analog therapy is effective but further studies are needed in older adults. Summary: Lifestyle changes involving both diet-induced weight loss and regular exercise appear to be the optimal treatment for sarcopenic obesity. It is also advisable to maintain adequate protein intake. Ongoing studies will determine whether pharmacologic therapy such as myostatin inhibitors or GHRH-analogs have a role in the treatment of sarcopenic obesity.
Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in patients with moderate obesity and ...Apollo Hospitals
Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in patients with moderate obesity and type 2 diabetes: Analysis of a randomized control trial comparing surgery with intensive medical treatment
Sarcopenic obesity is a chronic condition, which is due to progressively aging populations, the increasing incidence of obesity, and lifestyle changes. The increasing prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in elderly has augmented interest in identifying the most effective treatment. This article aims at highlighting potential pathways to muscle impairment in obese individuals, the consequences that joint obesity and muscle impairment may have on health and disability, recent progress in management with attention on lifestyle management and pharmacologic therapy involved in reversing sarcopenic obesity. Recent findings: It has been suggested that a number of disorders affecting metabolism, physical capacity, and quality of life may be attributed to sarcopenic obesity. Excess dietary intake, physical inactivity, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and hormonal changes may lead to the development of sarcopenic obesity. Weight loss and exercise independently reverse sarcopenic obesity. Optimum protein intake appears to have beneficial effects on net muscle protein accretion in older adults. Myostatin inhibition causes favourable changes in body composition. Testosterone and growth hormone offer improvements in body composition but the benefits must be weighed against potential risks of therapy. GHRH-analog therapy is effective but further studies are needed in older adults. Summary: Lifestyle changes involving both diet-induced weight loss and regular exercise appear to be the optimal treatment for sarcopenic obesity. It is also advisable to maintain adequate protein intake. Ongoing studies will determine whether pharmacologic therapy such as myostatin inhibitors or GHRH-analogs have a role in the treatment of sarcopenic obesity.
Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in patients with moderate obesity and ...Apollo Hospitals
Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in patients with moderate obesity and type 2 diabetes: Analysis of a randomized control trial comparing surgery with intensive medical treatment
PATIENT-GENERATED SUBJECTIVE GLOBAL ASSESSMENT (PG-SGA): A REVIEW Neeleshkumar Maurya
The present investigation, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and its different variants are being widely used as a nutritional status or risk assessment tool in clinical and hospital practice for myriads of disease including life-threatening one such as cancer, chronic kidney diseases. SGA is based on measurement and observation of several parameters such as weight change, dietary intake change, gastrointestinal symptoms, functional capacity, co morbidities related to nutritional condition and physical examination. However, the tool is not devoid of limitation and is being constantly improved for the optimization of its use in various other diseases. Therefore, clinicians need an easy to use and interpret, low cost, reliable tool to assess nutritional status. The PG-SGA is a more sensitive tool than other versions of SGA and is successfully being used as a screening tool in diseases like cancer, tuberculosis, HIV and chronic kidney disease (CKD) etc. According to the theory of “reverse epidemiology”, a patient with better nutritional status is supposed to have increased scope of survival. Therefore, it is increasingly being used patients who are at the pre-dialysis stage or being treated with dialysis. The review will summarize the basics of the nutritional assessment tool, its indications, and limitation of use in clinical practice etc. Moreover, the review will summarize the recommendations for use of PG-SGA in CKD and a brief review of existing literature to understand the scope of use and future perspective of the application of this tool for using in CKD patient population. Key Words: SGA, PG-SGA, Chronic kidney disease, Dialysis, nutrition
Presentation by Prof. Francesco Rubino, Chair of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery King's College London Consultant (Hon) Surgeon, King’s College Hospital during ECIPE Roundtable: Fighting the Burden of Obesity, Brussels 07/02/2017
Effect of fruit restriction on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabe...Runa La-Ela
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is still rising and has reached epidemic proportions in most countries.
The importance of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is recognized as one of the cornerstones in the treatment of T2DM.
Most guidelines recommend eating a diet with a high intake of fiber-rich food including fruit as it has many positive effects on human health.
Evaluation of the Glycaemic Index of some Staple Foods of South Eastern NigeriaPremier Publishers
Excessive release of glucose into the blood from food substances associates with metabolic disorders like diabetes. This study assessed the Glycaemic index (GI) of some staple carbohydrates foods consumed in Calabar and Southern part of Nigeria. Sixty (60) healthy volunteers aged 16 to 70 years. The test diets consisted of five food samples: Fried ripe plantain with stew and meat (FPSM); unripe plantain porridge with meat (UPPM), Garri and afang soup with meat (GASM), Fufu afang soup with meat (FASM), Abacha and fried groundnut (AFG). Fasting blood glucose, GI and available carbohydrate were estimated using standard methods. Results show that GASM and FASM had the highest GI, while FPSM had the least GI relative to glucose. The glycaemic load (GL) measured in 2 hours was highest in AFG, while FPSM had least GL. After 30 minutes, AFG had significantly (p<0.05) higher GI (6.74 ±0.12) compared with other subjects. But 120 minutes after, FPSM consumers recorded the lowest GI (4.829 ±0.10), while GASM (7.61 ±0.12) and FASM (7.34 ±0.14) were the highest. In conclusion, garri and fufu diets (AFG, FASM and GASM) have very high GI, yielding high levels of blood glucose compared with plantain diets (FPSM and UPPM) consumed in Calabar, Nigeria.
Dr Anna Campbell's keynote speech 'The Importance of Staying Active after a Cancer Diagnosis' at the SCPN's 'Be Active Against Cancer' conference, Tuesday 4th February 2014.
A Study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aero...iosrjce
Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India with more than 62 million diabetic
individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world with the highest
number of people with diabetes mellitus followed by China (20.8 million) with the United States (17.7 million)
in second and third place respectively. The prevalence of diabetes is predicted to double globally from 171
million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 with a maximum increase in India..In addition to this, the complications
associated with diabetes is also in the higher rate .
4
The Management of diabetes is most critical part, Lifestyle modifications like dietary modifications, physical
activity like aerobic exercise, some major drugs of diabetes management, insulin therapy, foot care of diabetes
and annual screening. Most of the patients are economically poor. So the researcher found that aerobic exercise
is economical and have lot of health benefits on diabetic patients.
Aim: The aim of study is to check the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise and
practice to maintain blood glucose level among diabetes.
Methodology: The research approach adopted for the present study is an Quantitative research approach and
the design adopted was quasi experimental design. The setting for the study was Crescent Hospital,
Alathur .Palakkad, Kerala. The sample size of the present study was 50, simple random sampling technique was
used to select samples.
Finding: The pre test and post mean value of blood glucose among experimental and control group was
173.2,149.96 &153.16 ,148.92 .The pre test and post mean score of knowledge on practice among
experimental and control group was 11.4,15.08 and 11.04,11.68 .In experimental group the obtained ‘t’value
for the blood glucose was 2.347 and obtained ‘t’value knowledge on practice was 8.742 .The demographic
variables had no association with the post blood glucose value . Conclusion: The present study result shows
the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise in reduction of blood glucose level
among diabetes.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF SOYA BEAN CHUNKS SUPPLEMENTION DURING HEMODIALYSISNeeleshkumar Maurya
The present study was conducted during the year 2016-17 on 30 ckd-5 patients on hemodialysis admitted in various medical wards of the MLB, Medical College, Jhansi (U.P.) India. The primary data were obtained from all CKD patients 30 days intervals and three times first time proper medication with hemodialysis therapy and second time same condition patients with additional dietary counseling. The data was collected in all the patients, thorough anthropometric measurement, dietary history and blood are collected for analysis of Hb, serum albumin, blood urea, cholesterol and cretonne. The Proper dietary counseling along with high biological protein (20 gm) given during hemodialysis superior the nutritional value of undernourished chronic kidney disease patient. About proper diet counseling of the patients showed significant statistical positive (<0.005) response in a various nutritional factor like BMI, MUAC, Serum Albumin, hemoglobin, total calorie intake while the only medication and dialysis therapy showed an undergoing undernourished in their nutritional value. The patients undergoing hemodialysis often develop protein-energy malnutrition which is related to mortality and morbidity rate increases. Special nutritional care is required for the dialysis patient to improve the net protein anabolism. The nutritional value of soya bean chunks in patients on HD requirements more attention providing one-to-one nutrition psychotherapy could be improvements in the patients. Key words : Dialysis, malnutrition, soybean chunks, high biological protein.
PATIENT-GENERATED SUBJECTIVE GLOBAL ASSESSMENT (PG-SGA): A REVIEW Neeleshkumar Maurya
The present investigation, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and its different variants are being widely used as a nutritional status or risk assessment tool in clinical and hospital practice for myriads of disease including life-threatening one such as cancer, chronic kidney diseases. SGA is based on measurement and observation of several parameters such as weight change, dietary intake change, gastrointestinal symptoms, functional capacity, co morbidities related to nutritional condition and physical examination. However, the tool is not devoid of limitation and is being constantly improved for the optimization of its use in various other diseases. Therefore, clinicians need an easy to use and interpret, low cost, reliable tool to assess nutritional status. The PG-SGA is a more sensitive tool than other versions of SGA and is successfully being used as a screening tool in diseases like cancer, tuberculosis, HIV and chronic kidney disease (CKD) etc. According to the theory of “reverse epidemiology”, a patient with better nutritional status is supposed to have increased scope of survival. Therefore, it is increasingly being used patients who are at the pre-dialysis stage or being treated with dialysis. The review will summarize the basics of the nutritional assessment tool, its indications, and limitation of use in clinical practice etc. Moreover, the review will summarize the recommendations for use of PG-SGA in CKD and a brief review of existing literature to understand the scope of use and future perspective of the application of this tool for using in CKD patient population. Key Words: SGA, PG-SGA, Chronic kidney disease, Dialysis, nutrition
Presentation by Prof. Francesco Rubino, Chair of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery King's College London Consultant (Hon) Surgeon, King’s College Hospital during ECIPE Roundtable: Fighting the Burden of Obesity, Brussels 07/02/2017
Effect of fruit restriction on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabe...Runa La-Ela
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is still rising and has reached epidemic proportions in most countries.
The importance of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is recognized as one of the cornerstones in the treatment of T2DM.
Most guidelines recommend eating a diet with a high intake of fiber-rich food including fruit as it has many positive effects on human health.
Evaluation of the Glycaemic Index of some Staple Foods of South Eastern NigeriaPremier Publishers
Excessive release of glucose into the blood from food substances associates with metabolic disorders like diabetes. This study assessed the Glycaemic index (GI) of some staple carbohydrates foods consumed in Calabar and Southern part of Nigeria. Sixty (60) healthy volunteers aged 16 to 70 years. The test diets consisted of five food samples: Fried ripe plantain with stew and meat (FPSM); unripe plantain porridge with meat (UPPM), Garri and afang soup with meat (GASM), Fufu afang soup with meat (FASM), Abacha and fried groundnut (AFG). Fasting blood glucose, GI and available carbohydrate were estimated using standard methods. Results show that GASM and FASM had the highest GI, while FPSM had the least GI relative to glucose. The glycaemic load (GL) measured in 2 hours was highest in AFG, while FPSM had least GL. After 30 minutes, AFG had significantly (p<0.05) higher GI (6.74 ±0.12) compared with other subjects. But 120 minutes after, FPSM consumers recorded the lowest GI (4.829 ±0.10), while GASM (7.61 ±0.12) and FASM (7.34 ±0.14) were the highest. In conclusion, garri and fufu diets (AFG, FASM and GASM) have very high GI, yielding high levels of blood glucose compared with plantain diets (FPSM and UPPM) consumed in Calabar, Nigeria.
Dr Anna Campbell's keynote speech 'The Importance of Staying Active after a Cancer Diagnosis' at the SCPN's 'Be Active Against Cancer' conference, Tuesday 4th February 2014.
A Study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aero...iosrjce
Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India with more than 62 million diabetic
individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world with the highest
number of people with diabetes mellitus followed by China (20.8 million) with the United States (17.7 million)
in second and third place respectively. The prevalence of diabetes is predicted to double globally from 171
million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 with a maximum increase in India..In addition to this, the complications
associated with diabetes is also in the higher rate .
4
The Management of diabetes is most critical part, Lifestyle modifications like dietary modifications, physical
activity like aerobic exercise, some major drugs of diabetes management, insulin therapy, foot care of diabetes
and annual screening. Most of the patients are economically poor. So the researcher found that aerobic exercise
is economical and have lot of health benefits on diabetic patients.
Aim: The aim of study is to check the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise and
practice to maintain blood glucose level among diabetes.
Methodology: The research approach adopted for the present study is an Quantitative research approach and
the design adopted was quasi experimental design. The setting for the study was Crescent Hospital,
Alathur .Palakkad, Kerala. The sample size of the present study was 50, simple random sampling technique was
used to select samples.
Finding: The pre test and post mean value of blood glucose among experimental and control group was
173.2,149.96 &153.16 ,148.92 .The pre test and post mean score of knowledge on practice among
experimental and control group was 11.4,15.08 and 11.04,11.68 .In experimental group the obtained ‘t’value
for the blood glucose was 2.347 and obtained ‘t’value knowledge on practice was 8.742 .The demographic
variables had no association with the post blood glucose value . Conclusion: The present study result shows
the effectiveness of video assisted teaching regarding aerobic exercise in reduction of blood glucose level
among diabetes.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF SOYA BEAN CHUNKS SUPPLEMENTION DURING HEMODIALYSISNeeleshkumar Maurya
The present study was conducted during the year 2016-17 on 30 ckd-5 patients on hemodialysis admitted in various medical wards of the MLB, Medical College, Jhansi (U.P.) India. The primary data were obtained from all CKD patients 30 days intervals and three times first time proper medication with hemodialysis therapy and second time same condition patients with additional dietary counseling. The data was collected in all the patients, thorough anthropometric measurement, dietary history and blood are collected for analysis of Hb, serum albumin, blood urea, cholesterol and cretonne. The Proper dietary counseling along with high biological protein (20 gm) given during hemodialysis superior the nutritional value of undernourished chronic kidney disease patient. About proper diet counseling of the patients showed significant statistical positive (<0.005) response in a various nutritional factor like BMI, MUAC, Serum Albumin, hemoglobin, total calorie intake while the only medication and dialysis therapy showed an undergoing undernourished in their nutritional value. The patients undergoing hemodialysis often develop protein-energy malnutrition which is related to mortality and morbidity rate increases. Special nutritional care is required for the dialysis patient to improve the net protein anabolism. The nutritional value of soya bean chunks in patients on HD requirements more attention providing one-to-one nutrition psychotherapy could be improvements in the patients. Key words : Dialysis, malnutrition, soybean chunks, high biological protein.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
This Journal publishes original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in pharmacy.
Dietary guidelines are accused to be the key reason for obesity and diabetes epidemic. This slide deck shows why they are not. Junk food diet is the key reason.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
My STSH Scholary Article about TREATMENT of PRE-DIABETES with SSDDDr. Sutanu Patra
I had done research on "Scope of Individualistic treatment with Serially Succussed and Diluted Drugs in treating Pre-diabetic condition: an Open-label Exploratory trial – in search of Prevention of Diabetes" and this was got awarded in Short Term Studentship in Homeopathy (STSH) 2014 by Central Council for Research in Homeopathy (CCRH), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.
Microalbuminuria And Serum Creatinine Levels In Diabetic And Non Diabetic Gro...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
DIETARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTSNeeleshkumar Maurya
This study was conducted on 50 CKD-5 patients during the year 2016-17, considered stable from, 3 months of regular dialysis at least 2 times in a week dialysis centre in MLB, Medical College Jhansi. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour recall and analysed after 30 days three times the average dietary intake of 1580.5±164 kcal/day; carbohydrate 204.3±19.0 gm/day; lipid, 49.0±4.6 gm/day, protein 54.0±4.8 gm/day. The significant prevalence was observed for the inadequacy of calories intake and other nutrients. Hemodialysis patients had a lower intake of fruit (77%), vegetable (56%) and dairy products (70%) exchange whereas they had normal intake of oils/fats (95%) and sugars/sweets (97%). This study the reveals that the patient suffered from CKD with dialysis phase were observed loss of appetite and inadequate dietary intake than the recommended, lead to malnutrition, susceptible to various life style diseases and high risk of morbidity.
Keywords: Dialysis, inadequate, dietary intake, malnutrition, morbidity.
2. Seminar Presentation
Title: Life Style and Nutritional Profile of Non-Insulin Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) Patients.
Kaur, I. P. and Kalra, R.
Govt. College for Girls, Patiala-147001, Punjab, India
Name : Runa La-Ela
Examination Roll : 114
Reg. No. : 6294
M.S. Examination : 2011
Course No. : FN-508
Session : 2010-2011
Bangladesh Home Economics College, Dhaka
4. Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most
burdensome chronic diseases that are increasing in
epidemic proportion throughout the world.
Obesity and physical inactivity constitute part
of the risk for NIDDM because of their propensity
to induce insulin resistance.
Food and dietary pattern of an individual have
an important role to play in the development,
treatment or prevention of NIDDM.
5. Rationale of the TopicRationale of the Topic
NIDDM is a common disease and increasing in
epidemic proportion in the world and our
country.
Cardiovascular diseases to be the most prevalent
form of complications among diabetics.
Type 11 Diabetes may also occurs from obesity.
For this reason urgent need to create awareness
amongst the population for prevention of
diabetes.
6. ObjectivesObjectives
To observe life Style and Nutritional Profile
of Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
(NIDDM) Patients.
General objective:
7. Specific ObjectivesSpecific Objectives
To observe Life Style and Nutritional
Profile of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus (NIDDM) Patients.
To modify diet and life style one can
maintain fair control over diabetes.
To raise general awareness regarding
control of diabetes.
8. Methods and MaterialsMethods and Materials
A representative group of 60 respondents
(40 male and 20 female) belonging to
different cities of punjab was selected.
General information, dietary information,
diabetic history and activity pattern was
noted.
Information about consumption of traditional
food adjuncts was collected.
9. MethodsMethods
Anthropometric measurements of height, weight
and BMI were taken.
Food intake was recorded by “24 hour recall
method.
Fasting blood glucose levels were noted from
reports of clinical and diagnostic laboratories.
10. ResultsResults
Fasting blood glucose level
(mg/dl)
Subjects (n=60)
Number Percentage
<200 18 30
200-300 28 47
300-400 9 15
>400 5 8
Table 1: Fasting blood glucose levels at the time of diagnosis
11. Table 2: Daily food intake by NIDDM subjectsTable 2: Daily food intake by NIDDM subjects
Food
groups
g/day
Female
(n=20)
Male (n=40)
Lacto-vegetarian (n=9) Non-vegetarian (n=31)
Mean ±
S.D.
Suggested
intake*
adequacy Mean
±S.D
Suggested
intake*
adequacy Mean
±S.D.
Suggeste
d intake*
Adequacy
Cereals 193.3±
12.2
150 12.8 260.0±
18.1
225 115.5 285.0±
20.8
250 114.0
Green
leafy
vegetables
143.3±
40.2
200 71.7 165.0±
28.1
200 82.5 185.0±
38.6
200 92.5
Fruits 94.0± 8.4 100 94.0 112.5±
18.0
100 112.5 98.0±
15.1
100 98.0
Milk and
products
397.5±
28.3
300 132.3 485.0±
72.4
300 161.0 198.5±
34.1
150 132.3
Fats and
oils
22.5± 4.54 10 225.0 23.5±
7.0
15 156.6 32.7± 8.4 20 163.5
Sugar and
jaggery
- - - - Na - 0.47±
1.68
Na -
13. Table 4: Current fasting blood glucose levelsTable 4: Current fasting blood glucose levels
Fasting blood
glucose levels
(mg/dl)
Degree of control Subjects (n=60)
Number Percentage
<110 Good 11 18
110-130 Fair 20 33
>130 Poor 29 49
14. DiscussionDiscussion
Majority of the subjects had fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in the
range of 200-300 mg/dl and a few of them had FBG level more than 400
mg/dl at the time of diagnosis of disease (Table 1) and all of them were
put on medicine.
A few of them discontinued medicine after sometime and they
controlled diabetes by following other practices like walking, yoga and
use of traditional food adjuncts while rest of the subjects (77 per cent)
continued with oral hypoglycemic drugs.
The anthropometric data showed that the average weight of both
male and female subjects was more than ideal body weight .
Majority of them fell in overweight/obesity category according to
WHO (2000) classification of BMI .
15. Table 2 shows that average intake of cereals, milk and milk products,
fats and oils was more than the suggested intakes for diabetic subjects.
Here also average intake of fruits was just adequate and that of
vegetables was less than the suggested intakes.
Table 3 shows that mean daily intakes of energy and other essential
nutrients except iron were adequate.
Table 4 shows that About 51% maintained fair to good control over
diabetes. Data showed a definite decrease in their FBS levels.
16. Conclusion
The study has revealed that rate of prevalence of diabetes
is more among overweight/obese people and by modifying
diet and lifestyle, doing exercise regularly and by
consumption of traditional food adjuncts one can control
diabetes without or with minimum dose of medicine.
Diabetes is not curable; one has to live with it. Living with
diabetes is like living with diabetic lifestyle.
17. ReferencesReferences
American Diabetes Association 2004. Physical Activity/Exercise and
Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27: S58-S62.
Gopalan, C., Ramasastri, B.V. and Balasubramaniam, S.C. 1989. Nutritive
value of Indian foods, NIN, ICMR, Hyderabad.
Jelliffe, D.B. 1986. The assessment of nutrition status of the community.
World Health Organization Monograph Series No. 53, Geneva: 50-84.
Kelly, D.E. 2003. Sugars and starch in the nutritional management of
diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 78(8): 58S-64S.
Mageshwari, U., Joseph, S. and Minitha, S. 2004. Pattern of cardiovascular
complications among diabetics. Ind. J. Nutr. Dietet., 41: 507.
Raghuram, T.C., Pasricha, S. and Sharma, R.D. 1993. Diet and diabetes.
NIN, ICMR, Hyderabad.
Vandam, R. M. and Hujb 2001. Diet and risk of type II diabetes: the role of
types of fat and carbohydrate. Diabetologia., 44: 805-817.
WHO (World Health Organization) 2000. The Asia-Pacific perspective
redefining obesity and its treatment. International Diabetes Institute.
Health Communications Australia Pvt. Ltd. Geneva. levels.