At&t v saudi cable case
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This document discusses an arbitration case between AT&T and Saudi Cable Company regarding a $4.5 billion telecommunications project in Saudi Arabia. AT&T and Saudi Cable had partnered to bid for the project but later disagreed on the terms of their final commercial contract. AT&T filed for arbitration claiming the pre-bid agreement was terminated, while Saudi Cable counterclaimed that AT&T failed to negotiate in good faith. Both parties agreed to an arbitrator, but Saudi Cable later challenged his impartiality. Both the ICC and English courts reviewed the challenge and found no evidence of apparent bias by the arbitrator.
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2. Qatl Shibh-i-Amd involves intentionally causing harm but death results from an act not likely to cause death. It is punishable by diyat (financial compensation) and imprisonment.
3. Qatl-i-Khata involves accidentally causing death without intent to harm through mistake of fact or act. It is punishable by diyat and possible imprisonment depending on the circumstances.
4
Hurts and its kinds
This document discusses different types of hurt under Pakistani law. It defines hurt and outlines various kinds of hurt including itlaf-i-udw (dismemberment), itlaf-i-salahiyat-i-udw (impairing an organ), shajjah (injury to head/face), and jurh (injury elsewhere). It describes punishments for hurt caused by rash/negligent acts, by mistake, or with poison. The document also discusses when qisas (retaliatory punishment) does or does not apply for hurt cases and defines compensation (arsh) amounts for different body parts.
The dissolution of muslim marriages act,1939
This document outlines The Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act of 1939 in India. The key points are:
1. The act aims to consolidate and clarify provisions of Muslim law regarding dissolution of marriage by women under Muslim law and remove doubts about the effect of a married woman renouncing Islam.
2. It allows for dissolution of marriage on grounds such as the husband's disappearance for 4+ years, failure to provide maintenance for 2+ years, taking an additional wife illegally, imprisonment for 7+ years, failure to perform marital obligations for 3+ years, impotence, insanity for 2+ years, leprosy or disease, and cruelty as defined in the act.
3. A woman
Punjab rent premises,act,2009
The document summarizes key sections of the Punjab Rent Act 2009 regarding the creation and regulation of tenancies in Punjab. Some important points include:
1. The Act establishes Rent Tribunals to settle disputes between landlords and tenants and regulate their relationships.
2. Tenancy agreements must be registered with the Rent Registrar, who maintains records of agreements.
3. The Tribunals have powers like civil courts to enforce attendance, collect evidence, and issue orders. They must decide cases within 4 months but can extend with daily hearings.
4. Orders can be appealed to the District Judge within 30 days, but interlocutory orders cannot be appealed.
Justice of peace
This document discusses the role and powers of a Justice of Peace (JP) in Pakistan. It notes that a JP performs administrative and ministerial functions, not judicial roles. It outlines the types of complaints a JP can address related to police matters, such as failures to register cases or record statements. However, a JP cannot directly interfere with investigations or transfer cases. When addressing complaints, a JP should gather police comments, ensure remedies are exhausted, and focus on facilitating solutions rather than directly resolving issues. Non-compliance of a JP's directions can result in recommending criminal cases or actions by higher police authorities.
Scheme of code of criminal procedure,1898
This document outlines the scheme and structure of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 in India. It contains 46 chapters organized across 9 parts, covering topics like the constitution of criminal courts, powers of investigation, procedures for prosecution, appeals and special proceedings. The code also includes 5 schedules providing additional details on offenses, powers of magistrates and forms.
Arrest with warrant ( section 75 86-a)
A warrant is a written court order that commands law enforcement to arrest a person and bring them before a magistrate. A warrant must sufficiently identify the person, specify the offense charged, and be signed and sealed. A warrant remains in force until cancelled by the court. The court may direct that a person be released after arrest if security is taken, such as a bond with sureties, to ensure the person's attendance at a specified time. A warrant can be directed to police officers or other persons if there is a necessity for immediate arrest and no police officer is available. Upon arrest, the person must be brought without unnecessary delay before the court requiring their production. A warrant can be executed anywhere in Pakistan.
Summons –as non coercive method to compel appearance
This document discusses summons under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 in India. It defines a summons as a document issued by a court calling a person to appear before a judge. Summonses are used to compel the attendance of the accused, witnesses, or for production of documents or persons. The document outlines the required contents of a summons and the procedures for service, including personal service, substituted service if the person cannot be found, service by affixture if service cannot be affected, and court to court service for persons outside the local jurisdiction. Proof of service requires an affidavit before a magistrate.
Truncated tribunal
A truncated tribunal refers to an arbitration tribunal that is missing one of its originally appointed members. Situations where a tribunal could become truncated include if a member dies, resigns, or fails to attend proceedings. Whether a truncated tribunal can continue to make a valid ruling depends on the applicable arbitration rules or law. International cases have found that a truncated tribunal cannot proceed without authorization from the parties if a member resigns, but may be obligated to continue if a member fails to participate without a valid excuse.
Common wealth coating co v continental casualty co,1968
Commonwealth Coatings Corp. v. Continental Casualty Co. (1968) established that arbitrators must disclose any relationships that could create an impression of bias. The Supreme Court vacated an arbitration award because the presiding arbitrator did not disclose that one of the parties was a regular customer, even though the lower court found the arbitrator was impartial. While the Court found no actual bias, it set aside the award due to the failure to disclose all facts that could create the appearance of bias.
Section 9 of Code of Civil procedure,1908-jurisdiction of Civil Court
The document discusses various types of jurisdiction of courts in Pakistan. It explains that civil courts have the jurisdiction to try all civil suits unless expressly barred. It classifies jurisdiction into four types - subject matter jurisdiction, pecuniary jurisdiction, territorial jurisdiction, and personal jurisdiction. It provides details on each type of jurisdiction and the rules regulating them. The document also discusses various absolute bars, conditional bars, and special bars upon the jurisdiction of civil courts in Pakistan.
Chapter 7
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
01 lew mistelis-kr-oll,-pp_1-15
This document provides an overview of arbitration as a dispute settlement mechanism. It defines arbitration as a private process where disputes are resolved by impartial arbitrators based on rules and procedures selected by the parties. Key features of arbitration identified include that it provides an alternative to national courts, is a private mechanism controlled by the parties, and results in a final and binding decision. The document also contrasts arbitration with national courts, noting arbitration allows more flexibility in procedures and is not bound by a single country's laws.
Qso
The document discusses the rules of evidence in judicial inquiries under Qanun-e-shahdat. It defines Qanun-e-shahdat as the system of rules for determining factual questions in courts. The main objective of the Order is to prevent inconsistent admission of evidence by establishing a uniform practice. It aims to admit only relevant facts that assist in discovering the truth, rather than obscuring it. The key principles are that evidence must be limited to the matter at issue, the best evidence must be provided, and hearsay evidence should be excluded.
Unpublished record
Unpublished official records relating to state affairs are privileged documents under Article 6 of the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order. The head of the relevant government department has sole discretion to decide whether disclosure of information from such documents would harm public interest and therefore withhold or grant permission to present the evidence. Only records whose disclosure would injure public interest due to reasons such as harming national defense, diplomatic relations, or proper government functioning are protected. It is up to the courts to determine if a document relates to state affairs, and then the head of the relevant department decides whether privilege applies or permission to disclose is given.
Hostile witness
This document discusses hostile witnesses under Indian law. It defines a hostile witness as one who is not desirous of telling the truth to the party that called them or who has an animus against that party. The term originated in common law to protect against witnesses who willfully provide hostile evidence against the party that called them. A hostile witness can be someone who is biased, unwilling to testify, or aligned with the adverse party. While a hostile witness's testimony is still admissible, it requires close scrutiny and corroboration rather than being totally rejected. The document analyzes several landmark cases involving hostile witnesses in India.
Constitution
The document provides the full text of the U.S. Constitution along with explanatory notes. It begins with an introductory essay that discusses the historical context for the creation of the Constitution, including the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the events leading up to the Constitutional Convention, the debates and compromises that occurred, and the ratification process. It then presents the full text of the Constitution along with annotations to explain the meaning and intent of its provisions. The document serves as a reference for understanding both the original Constitution and its continued relevance today.
Summary of-the-us-constitution
The document summarizes the US Constitution, beginning with the Preamble outlining the reasons for independence and establishing a more perfect Union. It then describes the 7 original articles that established the three branches of government and their powers, as well as how the Constitution can be amended. Finally, it lists the 27 amendments added to the original Constitution, including those guaranteeing rights like freedom of speech and abolishing slavery.
Doctrine of separability
The doctrine of separability recognizes an arbitration clause as a separate and independent contract from the main contract. The validity of the arbitration clause is unaffected by any illegality or termination of the main contract. According to the doctrine, the obligation to resolve all disputes through arbitration remains even if the main contract expires or is vitiated. This protects the parties' intention to arbitrate disputes from being easily defeated and ensures the arbitration tribunal maintains jurisdiction.
More from Judicial Intellects Academy (20)
Summons –as non coercive method to compel appearance
Summons –as non coercive method to compel appearance
Common wealth coating co v continental casualty co,1968
Common wealth coating co v continental casualty co,1968
Section 9 of Code of Civil procedure,1908-jurisdiction of Civil Court
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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留信网认证的作用:
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◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Search Warrants for NH Law Enforcement Officers
Training aid for law enforcement officers related to search warrants, the requirements needed, drafting, and execution of the search warrant.
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
Presentation by Justin Ordoyo
University of the Philippines College of Law
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
原版定做(sheffield学位证书)英国谢菲尔德大学毕业证文凭证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(sheffield学位证书)英国谢菲尔德大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
在线办理(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Pedal to the Court Understanding Your Rights after a Cycling Collision.pdf
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From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
Pim Betist's presentation about generative AI in the legal sector at Lexpo.com '24
It's the Law: Recent Court and Administrative Decisions of Interest
2024 Idaho Water Users Association, Sun Valley, Idaho - June 11, 2024. Presented by Payton Hampton and Garrett Kitamura
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Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
Learn more on how to obtain the work permit for self-employed persons in Italy at https://immigration-italy.com/selfemployment-work-permit-in-italy/.
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At&t v saudi cable case
- 2. AT&T v. Saudi Cable is an interesting illustration of both “independence” and “impartiality”.
- 3. At beginning of 1990, the Gov of Saudi Arabia tendered for bids for improvement of the country’s telecommunication system The project was worth around US$4.5 billion. Among the bidders was a Canadian company called NORTAL as well as AT&T jointly with Saudi Cable Company and several other telecommunication companies AT&T and Saudi Cable Company won the contract
- 4. In their pre bid agreement they had agreed to negotiate a final Commercial Contract if and when project was awarded to them However once AT&T obtained the contract but he partners fell out because they could not agree on the terms of final contract.
- 5. In 1995 AT&T filed an arbitration claim under ICC Rules against Saudi Cable Company demanding pre bid agreement be declared terminated and that it had no further obligations towards Saudi Cable
- 6. Saudi Cable counter claimed alleging that AT&T had violated its duty to negotiate in ‘good faith’
- 7. Tribunal was constituted and chairman appointed by agreement between parties. The chairman a highly respected arbitrator and lawyer filed a statement of independence as well as a CV, in which he listed his past and present achievement, directorships and other personal information he believed to be relevant
- 8. Two years after the arbitration had commenced and the tribunal had issued two partial awards First award on applicable laws Second AT&T had violated its duty to negotiate in good faith.
- 9. First challenge against the Chairman of the arbitral tribunal of the ICC before the ICC International Court of arbitration for lacking independence Then an application before English court to remove the chairman and to set aside an award for apparent bias and misconduct under section 23 of the English Arbitration Act,1950
- 10. As the issue arose out of an ICC arbitration and under the ICC Rules, the ICC's decision on the challenge was “final”.
- 11. The High Court had, thus, first to decide whether it had jurisdiction to review the matter. The court found that, since the ICC was concerned only with “independence”, it could review the facts to determine whether there was “apparent bias” or misconduct on the part of the arbitrator
- 12. The Court of Appeal did not agree that English courts had to defer to the decisions made by an arbitral institution And held that they could freely review whether the arbitrator was impartial or had misconduct himself in such a manner as to warrant replacement and setting aside of the awards. However, on the substance of the matter, both courts agreed that there were no grounds for a finding of “apparent bias” or misconduct on the part of the Chairman.