This ppt is for pharmacology students of MBBS UG&PG and other healthcare persons who needs basic science like BDS, Nursing Ayurveda unani homeopathy etc.
Know About Your Drug ,,, Part - II ( Route of Drug Administration) for study purpose pharmaceutical professional such as students and other specialized field. Presentation for "LEARN & EARN KNOWLEDGE" based.
Thanks all of you for your support...Part-I success and your comments.
Definition and Classification of routes of drug administration. Along with an explanation of it. Advantages and Disadvantages of different routes of administration. Intravenous routes give faster onset of action than any other route. 100% bioavailability is possible in the case of IV. The choice of route depends upon the patient condition.
03.(LEC 3) ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINSTRATION.pptAyush Chavhan
routes of drug administration
1 / 49
Routes of Drug Administration
Jul 31, 2014
• 1.08k likes • 2.81k Views
Routes of Drug Administration. The “Right” ways of administering drugs. Right patient Right drug Right dose Right route Right time Right documentation. Significance of Drug Administration. Input of drug in the Human body.
artery route
dependent carrier system
right time
splanchnic blood flow
gastric motility e g
fully ionized
sema
sema
+ Follow
Download Presentation
Routes of Drug Administration
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Routes of Drug Administration
The “Right” ways of administering drugs • Right patient • Right drug • Right dose • Right route • Right time • Right documentation
Significance of Drug Administration • Input of drug in the Human body. • Permits entry of the therapeutic agent either Directly or Indirectly into the Plasma. • A drug once taken in any form has to be then distributed, metabolized and finally eliminated from the body.
How do we choose the right route of administration • The route of administration is determined primarily by the properties of the drug (such as water or lipid solubility, ionization, etc.) and by the therapeutic objectives • (for example, the desirability of a rapid onset of action or the need for long-term administration or restriction to a local site). • The route of administration (ROA) that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts.
Enteral/paraentral Oral Buccal Rectal Sublingual Topical Transdermal Inhalant Ophthalmic Intranasal Otic Vaginal Intradermal Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intravenous Intraosseous Intrathecal Routes
Enteral routes • Drug placed directly in the GI tract: • Oral - swallowing • Sublingual- placed under the tongue • Buccal route • Rectum- absorption through the rectum (suppositories, anemas) • GI tubes (e.g. nasogastric, gastrotomy)
Oral Route
Oral Route • Giving a drug by mouth is the most common route of administration but it is also the most variable , and requires the most complicated pathway to the tissues. • Little absorption occurs until the drug enters the small intestine.
Drugs are absorbed by: • Passive Diffusion: • Determined by the lipophilcity of the drug compound • Ionized drugs are poorly absorbed (Strong bases of pKa 10 or higher are poorly absorbed, as are strong acids of pKa less than 3, because they are fully ionized) • Active Diffusion: • By carrier proteins • Example: ca+2 is carried by V.t-D dependent carrier system
Why most of the drugs are absorbed from the small intestine? • Small intestine has a much larger surface area for absorption (~200 m2) as compared to the stomach (~1-3 m2). •
...............
This is the second part of my presentation. It is all about the review on Routes and rights of drug administration. The slide also covers IP & Drug Laws too.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
This ppt is for pharmacology students of MBBS UG&PG and other healthcare persons who needs basic science like BDS, Nursing Ayurveda unani homeopathy etc.
Know About Your Drug ,,, Part - II ( Route of Drug Administration) for study purpose pharmaceutical professional such as students and other specialized field. Presentation for "LEARN & EARN KNOWLEDGE" based.
Thanks all of you for your support...Part-I success and your comments.
Definition and Classification of routes of drug administration. Along with an explanation of it. Advantages and Disadvantages of different routes of administration. Intravenous routes give faster onset of action than any other route. 100% bioavailability is possible in the case of IV. The choice of route depends upon the patient condition.
03.(LEC 3) ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINSTRATION.pptAyush Chavhan
routes of drug administration
1 / 49
Routes of Drug Administration
Jul 31, 2014
• 1.08k likes • 2.81k Views
Routes of Drug Administration. The “Right” ways of administering drugs. Right patient Right drug Right dose Right route Right time Right documentation. Significance of Drug Administration. Input of drug in the Human body.
artery route
dependent carrier system
right time
splanchnic blood flow
gastric motility e g
fully ionized
sema
sema
+ Follow
Download Presentation
Routes of Drug Administration
An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link.
During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Routes of Drug Administration
The “Right” ways of administering drugs • Right patient • Right drug • Right dose • Right route • Right time • Right documentation
Significance of Drug Administration • Input of drug in the Human body. • Permits entry of the therapeutic agent either Directly or Indirectly into the Plasma. • A drug once taken in any form has to be then distributed, metabolized and finally eliminated from the body.
How do we choose the right route of administration • The route of administration is determined primarily by the properties of the drug (such as water or lipid solubility, ionization, etc.) and by the therapeutic objectives • (for example, the desirability of a rapid onset of action or the need for long-term administration or restriction to a local site). • The route of administration (ROA) that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts.
Enteral/paraentral Oral Buccal Rectal Sublingual Topical Transdermal Inhalant Ophthalmic Intranasal Otic Vaginal Intradermal Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intravenous Intraosseous Intrathecal Routes
Enteral routes • Drug placed directly in the GI tract: • Oral - swallowing • Sublingual- placed under the tongue • Buccal route • Rectum- absorption through the rectum (suppositories, anemas) • GI tubes (e.g. nasogastric, gastrotomy)
Oral Route
Oral Route • Giving a drug by mouth is the most common route of administration but it is also the most variable , and requires the most complicated pathway to the tissues. • Little absorption occurs until the drug enters the small intestine.
Drugs are absorbed by: • Passive Diffusion: • Determined by the lipophilcity of the drug compound • Ionized drugs are poorly absorbed (Strong bases of pKa 10 or higher are poorly absorbed, as are strong acids of pKa less than 3, because they are fully ionized) • Active Diffusion: • By carrier proteins • Example: ca+2 is carried by V.t-D dependent carrier system
Why most of the drugs are absorbed from the small intestine? • Small intestine has a much larger surface area for absorption (~200 m2) as compared to the stomach (~1-3 m2). •
...............
This is the second part of my presentation. It is all about the review on Routes and rights of drug administration. The slide also covers IP & Drug Laws too.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
2. Most of the drugs can be
administered by different routes.
Drug- and patient-related factors
determine the selection of routes
for drug administration.
Route of administration
7. A. Oral
It is the most common
and acceptable route for
drug administration.
Dosage forms are
tablet, capsule, syrup,
mixture, etc.
Paracetamol tablet
for fever,
Omeprazole capsule
for peptic ulcer are given
orally.
9. Disadvantages
Not suitable for emergency as onset of action of
orally administered drugs is slow.
It is not suitable for/in:
Unpalatable and highly irritant drugs.
Unabsorbable drugs (e.g. amino glycosides).
Drugs that are destroyed by digestive juices (e.g.
insulin).
Drugs with extensive first-pass metabolism (e.g.
lignocaine).
Unconscious patients. Uncooperative and unreliable
patients.
Patients with severe vomiting and diarrhea.
10. B. Sublingual
The preparation is kept
under the tongue.The
drug is absorbed through
the buccal mucous
membrane and enters the
systemic circulation
directly.
nitroglycerin for acute
angina attack .
buprenorphine for
myocardial infarction.
11. Advantages
Quick onset of action.
Action can be terminated by spitting out the
tablet.
Bypasses first-pass metabolism.
Self-administration is possible.
12. Disadvantages
It is not suitable for:
Irritant and lipid-insoluble drugs.
Drugs with bad smell and taste.
14. Advantages
Quick onset of action.
Dose required is very less, so systemic toxicity
is minimized.
Amount of drug administered can be
regulated.
19. Injection
a. Intramuscular (I.M.) (into skeletal muscle)
b. Intravenous (I.V.) (into veins)
c. Subcutaneous (S.C.) (into subcutaneous
tissue)
d. Interadramal (I.D.) (into skin)
e. Intra-arterial (I.A.) (into arteries)
f. Intrathecal (I.T.) (cerebrospinal fluids OR Back bone)
g. Intra - articular (Synovial fluids OR bone
joint)
25. f. Intrathecal
Drug is injected into the SUBARACHNOID space.
at 90 degree.
spinal Anaesthetics,
lignocaine
antibiotics
amphotericin B etc
26. g. Intera - articular
Drug is injected directly into the
JOINT SPACE
Eg -hydrocortisone
injection
27. Inhalational
An inhalational anesthetic is a
chemical compound possessing
general anesthetic properties that can
be delivered via inhalation.
28. Inhalational
They are administered
through a face mask,
laryngeal mask airway or
tracheal tube connected to an
anaesthetic vaporiser and an
anaesthetic delivery system.
29. Transdermal
Transdermal is a route of administration wherein
active ingredients are delivered across the skin
for systemic distribution
Examples include transdermal patches used for
medicine delivery.
30. Drugs administered by this route
do not direct enter blood and
produce systemic effects.
Local Route