2. Dr Naeem Rabeh 2022
The function of iron is the production of
hemoglobin in the blood, which transports
oxygen to the cells of the body, enters the
oxidative processes in the body, strengthens
immunity.
Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow and
this process is controlled by the hormone
erythropoietin, which is secreted in the kidneys.
3. Anemia is the state in which it is attributed:
- Decrease in the size or number of red blood cells
- Or the lack of hemoglobin in it
This leads to a decrease in the rate of exchange of oxygen
and CO2 between the blood and the various tissues of the
body.
The classification of anemia depends on:
The size of the red blood cell :
1- Normocytic
2- Macrocytic
3- Microcytic
The amount of hemoglobin in it to
1- Normochromic
2- Hypochromic Dr Naeem Rabeh 2022
4. Most cases of anemia are caused by:
1- Nutritional deficiency of iron, vit B12, and folic acid
required to manufacture red blood cells.
2- Hemorrhage, genetic defect, or chronic disease
conditions such as kidney failure or drug poisoning.
Anemia resulting from a lack of food is called anemia or
nutritional anemia.
3- some factors that precent the absorption of Fe (fiber,
oxalate, phytic acid)
Dr Naeem Rabeh 2022
5. Iron Deficiency
Anemia
IDA: is characterized by small erythrocyte size and low hemoglobin
level (Microcytic hypochromic anemia)
Causes of iron deficiency anemia:
1- The insufficient intake of iron in meals, as in the case of complete
dependence on plant foods (vegetarian) and without eating iron from
animal sources Heme Iron
2- Inadequate iron absorption from the intestine (diarrhea,
decreased production of HCL acid in the stomach, chronic
inflammatory bowel, or the removal of a large part of the intestine, or
taking anti-inflammatory) , ulcers, Tannic acid and fiber
-3 An increase in the body’s needs of iron, (during pregnancy,
lactation and adolescence) , bleeding , increased menstrual bleeding.
4- excessive drinking of tea and coffee,
Dr Naeem Rabeh 2022
6. Causes of
Childhood anemia
1. As a result of continuing breastfeeding for a long period (about
a year) without further nutritional support.
2. In premature babies who are born less than the normal weight
of 1.5 kg, they often have less iron stores than normal.
3. In the case of severe anemia in a pregnant mother, the iron
stores of the fetus (although it is parasitized to the mother) may
be low and the baby will be born vulnerable to anemia.
4. In the case of internal parasites and some infectious diseases
that may affect the efficiency of the bone marrow.
5. In some hereditary diseases that result in the inability of the
intestine to absorb iron, and in the case of childhood anemia
Dr Naeem Rabeh 2022
7. Pernicious anemia:
a deficiency in the production of red blood
cells through a lack of vitamin B12 or folic
acid or both.
The size of RBC is normal, while the amount
of hemoglobin is low
Dr Naeem Rabeh 2022
Why vegetarian suffer from pernicious anemia:
Vitamin B12 is combined with a protein called intrinsic
factor in your stomach. This mix of vitamin B12 and
intrinsic factor is then absorbed into the body in part of the
gut called the distal ileum
take vitamin B12 supplements
or eat foods fortified with
vitamin B12
8. Symptoms
- The inability to do any effort
- Difficulty breathing when performing any activity
- Feeling tired
- Headache and loss of appetite
- Cracked and inflamed corners of mouth
- brittle nails تقصف , prominent longitudinal lines appear on the nails
- Pallor of the face
- Disorders of heart beating
- dizziness, fatigue, hair loss and pallor of the face.
- The occurrence of Odema in advanced cases
Dr Naeem Rabeh 2022
10. Dr Naeem Rabeh 2022
Female: 15 mg
Male: 10-12 mg
Pregnant: 30 mg ( Fe the
production of the
placenta, fetal tissues).
Deficiency of Fe
among pregnant may
cause (premature
birth, low birth
weight)
11. Iron-rich foods:
animal sources: Liver- red meat - egg yolk - oyster –
plant sources: Dark green leafy vegetables- legumes -
lentils - whole grains (quinoa) - cooked spinach
Fruit: Strawberry- pomegranate - tomato - watermelon -
beet juice- Dried fruits: dried apricotsالمشمش , raisins, dates,
Spirulina is a blue and green algae.
Dark chocolate, Peanuts, Pumpkin seeds
Eating foods containing Vit C helps absorb iron
Eating iron from an animal source
Dr Naeem Rabeh 2022
12. Dr Naeem Rabeh 2022
Factors increase the absorption of iron:
1- Protein: makes the medium acidic and is suitable
for absorption
2- Vitamin C: convert it to the form that is easily to
absorped (ferrous).
3- Animal iron is absorbed more (22%) than
vegetable iron (3-8%).
13. Dr Naeem Rabeh 2022
Factors that decrease iron absorption:
1- Phytic acid (fiber)
2-Tannic acid (tea, coffee)
3- Oxalic acid (spinach)
4- Decreased secretion of HCL acid in the stomach for
any pathological reasons
5- diseases that lead to diarrhea,
6- infection with parasites
