The document discusses the roles and oral manifestations of various vitamins. It begins by introducing vitamins and their essential functions. It then classifies vitamins as fat-soluble or water-soluble and discusses each group. For each vitamin, the document outlines its functions, deficiency manifestations, recommended daily intake, food sources, and potential oral health impacts such as bleeding gums, ulcers, or enamel defects. In conclusion, it emphasizes the importance for healthcare professionals to understand the oral implications of vitamin deficiencies to provide comprehensive patient care.

2. ROLE OF
VITAMINS
IN
ORAL HEALTH
By: Dr. Zainab Khan

3. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• FUNCTION
• CLASSIFICATON
• EACH VITAMIN WITH ITS ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE

4. INTRODUCTION
• Vitamins are the group of organic compounds that are
essential in small quantities in the diet of higher
animals to perform specific cellular functions.
• Some vitamins are recognized as essential nutrients,
necessary in the diet for good health.

5. FUNCTIONS
•Act as co-enzyme
•Acts as catalyst
•Regulate the metabolism

6. CLASSIFICATION

7. FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
• They are absorbed along with fats in the diet and are
stored in the body's fatty tissue and in the liver.
• They are found in many plant and animal foods and in
dietary supplements.
• Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble.

8. VITAMIN-A
RETINOL
FUNCTIONS-
• Formation of visual purple.
• Diffrentiation of epithelium.
• Promotion of bone remodelling.
DEFICIENCY-
• Night blindness
• Keratomalacia
• Xerophthalmia
• Hyperkeratosis
• Hypoplasia

9. RDA-
5,000 IU
FOOD SOURCES-
vegetables, carrot,
cabbage, spinach,
potatoes.

10. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Inadequate cell differentiation-impaired
healing,
tissue regeneration.
Desquamation of oral mucosa, keratosis,
Increased risk of candidiasis, gingival
hypertrophy and inflammation,
Xerostomia,
Disturbed or arrested enamel development
Irregular tubular dentine formation and
increased caries risk.

11. VITAMIN D Cholecalciferol ‰
FUNCTIONS:
Calcium and phosphorus
absorption
DEFICIENCY:
Rickets and osteomalacia
RDA:
400 IU

13. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
• Incomplete mineralization of teeth and alveolar bone
excess.
• Pulp calcification.
• Enamel hypoplasia
• Clinical studies have attempted to correlate cariogenic
activity and vitamin D; however, no significant
association has been found.

14. VITAMIN E
Tocopherol‰
FUNCTIONS:
• Antioxidant
• Stabilizes cell membrane
• ‰
Prevents fats from decay
RDA:
• 10–20 IU
FOOD SOURCES:
• Cereals, soybean, corn,
meat, milk, egg

15. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
• Vitamin E deficiency is often present among patients with diseases
that prevent the absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble nutrients.
• These diseases include cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis, and cholestasis.
• Vitamin E deficiency is rare in healthy adults and its symptoms had
not been well described.
• When present, it has been associated with loss of muscular mass and
weakness resulting in ataxia, increased infection, anaemia, delayed
growth, and poor outcomes during pregnancy for both the infant and
the mother.
• Its effects on oral health are not as clear as those of other
vitamins.

16. VITAMIN K
Menadione ‰
FUNCTIONS:
• Synthesis of prothrombin
and other clotting factors.
DEFICIENCY:
• Clotting disorders
RDA:
• 70–140 µg/day
FOOD SOURCES:
Lettuce, spinach, cauliflower,
Cabbage.

17. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
• Increased risk of bleeding and
candidiasis.
• Vitamin K has roles in blood
coagulation, bone metabolism
and atherosclerosis prevention.
• Vitamin K deficiency in adults
produces occult bleeding and
abnormal blood coagulation.
• In infants, it is responsible for
haemorrhagic disease of the
new born.

18. WATER SOULBLE VITAMINS
• Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water upon entering the
body. Because of this, humans cannot store excess amounts of
water-soluble vitamins for later use.
• There are nine water-soluble vitamins:
• The B vitamins -- folate, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic
acid, biotin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12.
• and vitamin C.
• Deficiency of any of these water-soluble vitamins results in a
clinical syndrome that may result in severe morbidity and
mortality.

19. VITAMIN B COMPLEX
B1 Thiamine ‰
FUNCTION:
• Coenzyme‰
Helps in DNA, RNA formation.
• ‰
Metabolism of fats, proteins
• Role in neurophysiology
DEFICIENCY:
• Wet, dry, and infantile beriberi
RDA:
• 1 mg/day
FOOD SOURCES:
• Cereals, meat, liver, peas, beef,
nuts, milk, leafy Legumes, pork, vegetables

20. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
• Thiamine deficiency disorders include several forms of beriberi,
Wernicke encephalopathy, and many different
neurodegenerative and inherited metabolic disorders
associated with abnormalities of thiamine-diphosphate (TDP)-
dependent enzymes.
• Thiamine deficiency in children is associated with recurrent
aphthous stomatitis and impaired postnatal amelogenesis,
resulting in enamel hypomineralization.
• In animal studies, a decrease in the serum thiamine of
pregnant mice has been correlated with the development of
cleft lip and palate in their foetuses.

21. B2 Riboflavin
‰
FUNCTIONS:
• Coenzyme
• ATP generation
• ‰
Metabolism
DEFICIENCY:
• Dermatitis,
• glossitis,
• angular stomatitis
RDA:
• 1.5 mg/day
FOOD SOURCES:
• Milk, liver, cheese,
eggs, cereals, whole
grains, vegetables

22. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Angular cheilosis, atrophy of filiform papillae, enlarged
fungiform papillae, shiny red lips,
magenta tongue, sore tongue

23. B4 Niacin
‰
FUNCTIONS:
• Coenzyme
• ‰
Tissue respiration
• ‰
CNS functioning
DEFICIENY:
• Pellagra
RDA:
• 16–33 mg/day
FOOD SOURCES:
• Liver, yeast, meat,
legumes, cereals

24. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Angular cheilosis,
mucositis, stomatitis, oral
pain, ulceration, ulcerative
gingivitis, denuded tongue,
glossitis, glossodynia, tip of
tongue is red and swollen,
dorsum is dry and smooth

25. B5 Pantothenic acid
‰
FUNCTIONS:
• Involved in Kreb’s cycle
• ‰
Component of sterols
DEFICIENCY:
• Paresthesia,
• fatigue
• abdominal stress
RDA:
• 4–7 mg/day
FOOD SOURCES:
• Eggs, cereals, legumes,
milk, potatoes

26. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Pantothenic Acid Deficiency symptoms are difficult to
separate from those found in other B-complex vitamins.
An animal study found that the combination of
pantothenic acid deficiency with low concentrations of
folic acid and thiamine was associated with an increased
cleft lip and palate.

27. Biotin
‰
FUNCTIONS:
• Stimulates growth of yeast
• ‰
Constituent of DNA
DEFICIENCY:
• Dermatitis,
• paresthesia,
• glossitis
RDA
• 100–200 µg/day
FOOD SOURCES:
• Liver, milk, egg Yolk,
yeast

28. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
Animal studies in mouse embryos have found that
deficiency of biotin may directly affect the synthesis of
specific proteins and the formation of palatal processes
resulting in orofacial clefts.

29. B6 Pyridoxine
‰
FUNCTIONS:
• Cofactor for enzymes
• ‰
Synthesis of amino acids
DEFICIENCY:
• Dermatitis,
• glossitis,
• convulsions
RDA:
• 0.3–2 mg/day.
FOOD SOURCES:
• Meat, liver, yeast, legumes,
wheat bran, cereals.

30. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
Recurrent mouth ulcers.
halitosis, severe gingivitis,
soreness and discoloration of the
tongue,
Angular cheilosis, sore or burning
mouth, glossitis, glossodynia

31. B12 Cyanocobalamin
FUNCTIONS:
• ‰
Coenzyme‰
Maintenance of myelin sheath.
DEFICIENCY:
• Atrophic
• glossitis,
• combined system disease
RDA:
• 3 µg/day .
FOOD SOURCES:
• Meat, egg, milk,
cheese, fish

32. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Angular cheilosis, mucositis, stomatitis, sore or burning
mouth, hemorrhage gingiva, halitosis, epithelial dysplasia of
oral mucosa, loss or distortion of taste, ulceration, denuded
tongue, glossitis, “beefy” red, smooth and glossy,
delayed wound healing, xerostomia, bone loss, aphthous
ulcers and atrophy of the lingual papillae.

33. Folic acid
FUNCTIONS:
• Maturation of blood cells
• ‰
Coenzyme
• ‰
DNA synthesis
DEFICIENCY:
• Malabsorption,
• anemia, glossitis, malabsorption
RDA:
• 0.4 mg/day
FOOD SOURCES:
• Liver, dark green leafy
vegetables, nuts,
orange asparagus, soya

34. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
A significant association between deficiencies in haemoglobin, iron, folic
acid, vitamin B-12, and high homocysteine levels has been found in the
incidence of oral lichen planus.
Glossitis: filiform papillae disappears first, but in advanced cases the
fungiform papilla are lost and tongue becomes smooth and fiery red in
color.

35. VITAMIN C- Ascorbic acid
FUNCTIONS:
• ‰
Formation of collagen
• ‰
Wound healing
• ‰
Role in hematology
• ‰
Role in phagocytosis
• ‰
Metabolism of amino acids
DEFICIENCY:
• Scurvy,hemorrhagic skin, follicles, swollen,
and
bleeding gums
RDA:
• 60 mg/day
FOOD SOURCES:
• Pepper, turnip, citrus
fruits, cabbage, beans,
tomatoes, carrot,
tamarind,.

36. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
Scurvy-red swollen
gingivae, gingival friability,
periodontal destruction,
sore burning mouth, soft
tissue ulceration,
increased
risk of candidiasis,
malformed teeth
(inadequate dentine)

37. CONCLUSION
Vitamin deficiencies resultinmultiplesystemic
complications andhavealsobeenlinkedtospecific
oralconditions.
Healthcareprofessionalsneedtobeawareofthese
conditionstoprovidethebestavailableoralcarefor
theirpatients.

38. REFERENCES
The Impact of Nutrition and Diet on Oral Health. Monogr
Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2020, vol 28, pp 59–67
Journal of Dentistry for Children-83:3, 2016 Vitamin D and
caries Seminario and Velan
Shobha tandon paediatric dentistry third edition
Nikhil marwah textbook of pediatric dentistry fourth edition