DOMINICAN REPUBLIC IN DEFENSE OF THE DEMOCRATIC SECURITY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 2000-2010 (LAST PART)

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IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIC STUDIES
(FUNDEIMES)
TITLE:
ROLE OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC IN
DEFENSE OF THE DEMOCRATIC SECURITY
IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
2000-2010
(LAST PART)
AUTOR:
LIC. VÍCTOR B. MERCEDES CRUZ FABIÁN
MASTER IN DEFENSE AND NATIONAL SECURITY
SANTO DOMINGO, DN
YEAR 2014

TITLE
ROLE OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC IN DEFENSE OF THE
DEMOCRATIC SECURITY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE
CARIBBEAN 2000-2010

CLARIFICATION
"The views expressed in this research report are the
sole responsibility of the author and the institution will
not necessarily reflect the opinions issued."

CONTENTS
Introduction i
Problem ii
General Purpose vii
Specific Objectives vii
Ideas to defend viii
Methodological framework of the research ix
CHAPTER I - BACKGROUND OF THE DEMOCRATIC SECURITY IN LATIN
AMERICA CARIBBEAN YEL.
1.1. Origin of democracy 1
1.2 -. History of the Democratic Security in Latin America and
The Caribbean 3
1.3.-Chronology of Democratic Different State Governments
In Latin America and the Caribbean 7
1.4 -. Evolution of Democracy in the Dominican Republic 29
1.5 -. Principal approaches of democratic security and validity in
Latin America and the Caribbean 35
1.6 -. Organic concept of democracy and security 37
1.7 -. Democracy and Political Institutions in Latin America and the
Caribbean 42
1.8 -. Political Institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean 44
1.9 -. Acceptance level of democracy in Latin America and
The Caribbean 46
CHAPTER II -. DEMOCRATIC SECURITY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE
CARIBBEAN.
2.1 -. Geopolitics and Security in Latin America and the Caribbean 49
2.2 -. Geopolitical Analysis of Latin America and the Caribbean 51
2.3 -. Organization of American States (OAS) in safety
Democratic Latin America and the Caribbean 54
2.4 -. Economics and Globalization in Latin America and the Caribbean 58
2.5 -. Features of the situation of globalization in Latin America and
The Caribbean 60
2.6 -. Democratic Security and Human Rights 63
2.6.1 The relationship between democracy and human rights 64
CHAPTER III -. INCIDENCE IN DEFENSE OF THE DEMOCRATIC
SECURITY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN BY DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
3.1 -. Overview of public policy for Security
Democratic 67
3.2 -. Incidence of security and defense in the democratic security
Latin America and the Caribbean 69
3.3 -. Role of regional bodies for safety
Democratic 70
3.4 -. Democratic security in Latin America and the Caribbean 72
3.5 -. Perspective of Public Safety in the Republic
Dominican 76

3.6 -. Contributions from Dominican Republic to defend safety
Democratic in Latin America and the Caribbean 80
3.6.1 -. Conventions and treaties democratic security 84
CONCLUSION 89
RECOMMENDATIONS 93
GLOSSARY OF TERMS 95
REFERENCES 98

INTRODUCTION

Introduction
This research is based on the role of the Dominican Republic in defense of
democratic security in Latin America and the Caribbean, with reference to the
events that have marked the freedom of the peoples fighting for a better future, in
which underpinned by the fundamental rights recognized peaceful coexistence and
the rule of law.
Elements in the Dominican Republic, assuming its role in the defense of
democratic security is drawn, the political evolution of each state in Latin America
and the Caribbean. A number of important events in the political life of the region is
analyzed. Geopolitics in the hemisphere is Latin America as a key element for the
existence of a climate of harmony and good diplomatic relations between states,
which have concluded agreements and meetings with very beneficial results for
democracy in the region is also described.
The prospect that the Dominican Republic has over other governments in the
region in political, trade and security issues, world order posed by globalization, the
effects produced by different social changes that persist in the world is observed.

CHAPTER II. -
DEMOCRATIC SECURITY IN AMERICA
AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

CHAPTER II. -
DEMOCRATIC SECURITY IN LATIN
AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN.
2.1 -. Geopolitics and Security in Latin America and the
Caribbean.
Our starting point is that geopolitics in the Western Hemisphere has been
determined by the interests of the United States of America (USA) who in turn
replied to its powerful global interests. The countries of Latin America and the
Caribbean focus on the post-cold war period. It begins by giving an overview of the
inter-American context in the more general framework of the international system
as unipolar key.
Analyze changes in the geopolitics of Latin America as a result of the
evolution of the concept of security is to answer the question how up democratic
security in the region?, Identify factors that indicate the generality binding
international relations, and integration regional to maintain a climate of peace and
security.
The geopolitical position of Latin America and the Caribbean, there is no
denying that the region moves towards new scenarios related to globalization and
the new world order. Sustained potential in natural resources, and human, makes it
more interesting and strategic linkages with its major economic powers of the
world. This forces you to hold positions with a multidisciplinary defense strategic
foresight.
Most governments in Latin America and the Caribbean are democratic, the
geopolitics of the region provides a guideline to the integration of the States, which
have already merged their democratic security policies, through the signing of
agreements such as the case of American Center "Framework Treaty on
Democratic Security in Central America," which seeks to consolidate as a
region of peace, freedom, democracy and development.
The practice of moving towards social and economic development is the
responsibility of all States to achieve a safe climate, the rule of law, a stable
economy, which will lower the illiteracy, infant mortality, extreme poverty, crime,
violence , trafficking and smuggling and drug trafficking. All are considered as
threats to democratic security and should be treated globally because it affects the
entire region.
To attain democracy stabilize the region has appealed to contain
subordinating the military to the civil power, promote the military profession, with

the strengthening of the colleges of defense and security, building security white
paper and reducing or maintaining the same security budget ie instead of
increasing it maintained and that the mission of the military. These decisions
concern dissipating at least those streams characterizing coups years.
The geopolitical chess defined by the United States in its international
political influence having enhanced democracy in Latin America, as it has
significantly reduced investment in security for the region as their interests are
critical about other axes in the world like this Asia and the Middle East, leaving the
area of Latin America and the Caribbean free from any influence, therefore it has
influenced the emergence of other threats relate to international crime.
The development of a democratic political culture prevents new authoritarian
regime that puts at stake the stability of democracy we now enjoy. It basically
depends on the major political elites, military, business, and religious are the new
institutional bodies that characterize this crucial stability in the political world.
The economic factor that has generated major global crisis could be a threat
but it is not independent, democratic security remains, what has changed is the
decision of the people to demand through large peaceful movements, governments
policy changes Economic leaving high unemployment in the region. But yet today
unemployment rates have been fluctuating in the United States causing economic
imbalance are trying to handle it.
The region has unemployment as "Panorama Laboral 2012 in Latin America
and the Caribbean," says the regional urban unemployment is 6.4% at the end of
2012, and that trend will continue downward. Having this background it is making
an effort to consolidate democracy through good diplomatic relations and humble
decision to current political leaders who head the major governments of the region
based on climate geopolitics has been playing an increasing factor .
2.2 -. Geopolitical Analysis of Latin America and the
Caribbean
Geographical factor.
The space occupied by the Latin American and Caribbean countries in the
world, is limited to the central and southern part of the American continent,
bordered by the, Atlantic, Pacific, Antarctica, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and
oceans.
Composed of the following independent countries: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia,
Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, Guyana, French
Guyana, Peru, Surinam, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, Nicaragua, El

Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti and
Jamaica.There are three official languages: Spanish, Portuguese and French are
widely spoken languages. According to studies published in the biographical
website http://www.profesorenlinea.cl/geografiagral/U200_4MHyGeog.htm .
South America has a surface area of 17,819,100 km ². With a population of
about 400, 000,000 inhabitants.
http://www.profesorenlinea.cl/geografiagral/U200_4MHyGeog.htm
Central America has an area of 522.7601 km ². Population of approximately
45,739,000 inhabitants.
The Caribbean has a total area: 2, 754,000 - Area of land, 239.681 km
². Population about 36 314.0001 bed.
The strategic areas identified in Latin America and the Caribbean are
identified as geostrategic elements for the region include: the Panama Canal,
administered by the Government of Panama, the large reserves of water in most of
the mainland oilfields, and strategic areas of biodiversity and environmental
protection. The geopolitical positioning has become a vital aspect of democratic
security. In the case of Latin America and the Caribbean, there have been a
number of tensions that are expressed more concern of the bourgeoisie of the
region by the geopolitical aspects, forcing some to reaffirm and strengthen in this
area, and others to create certain alignments where economic, ideological and
geopolitical interests are combined.
Political Factor
The political system in almost all countries of the region is democratic
presidential government, or elected by free elections, with the exception of Cuba is
under a dictatorial regime.
The Latin America and Caribbean projects a global political and economic
order. There have been changes in the political and institutional democratization of
these countries since the element of the transition is complete. Air breathed
political integration in the region with the creation of international bodies able to be

cohesive, with the example of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean
States (CELAC).
Economic factor
According to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the
Caribbean (ECLAC), which frequently publishes economic indicators in the region,
the following information is extracted from the internet, I quote: "By far the region has
had an annual growth of 3.1 percent in the last ten years, but said big vulnerabilities in the economy
persist. This growth is the result of an increase in trade of raw materials and consumption than
investment. " 1
Latin America and the Caribbean is based economy mainly in secondary
and / or tertiary, has production of oil, natural gas, coal, wine, fish production,
industrial products, mining production, etc..
States with the highest GDP in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina, have an
economic integration with UNASUR, NAFTA. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Nicaragua and Dominican Republic have in place a free trade
agreement with the United States (DR-CAFTA).
Military Factor
The armed forces of the region are medium and large, professional armies
gifted in their generality of modern equipment and ammunition. These armies are
mainly specialized in peacekeeping missions of the United Nations, and conducting
joint work with other armies on the continent or the world. 2
2.3 -. Organization of American States (OAS) in democratic
security in Latin America and the Caribbean.
The Organization of American States (OAS) was founded to establish
international relations policies to increase security among democratic states in the
region, promote institutional development based on democratic systems of
government and meets the requirements of peacekeeping.
The agency has been busy since its inception to be observant of the various
general elections were held and sometimes their involvement in mediating political
crisis. After a long time this organization has been losing credibility in some rulers
for their criticism of the international organization.
The Organization of American States (OAS) was described as being a body
serving the interests of the United States, since its headquarters is located in that
country and the poor performance has had on the Honduran crisis, the threat of
closure of media in Venezuela, ongoing violations in several countries at the Inter-
American Democratic Charter and disclosure of praise for the alleged illegitimacy

of the regime of Fidel Castro Cuba, have placed it under a shower of criticism. In
the '60s, Cuban President Fidel Castro accused the OAS of being then "a ministry
colony" of the United States. Despite these harsh criticism is considered as a body
representing the democratic countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, making
great contributions to the economic, social and political development of peoples
and their pending challenges in the current global scenario, between them
overcoming inequality and the need for political consensus that will allow countries
to advance social issues.
According to the LETTER OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES (OAS),
it was created in 1948 with the purpose of strengthening peace and security in the
continent. Try the peaceful settlement of disputes between States or outside
groups and promotes the economic, social and cultural development. It is a
regional organization whose purposes are to:
 To strengthen the peace and security on the continent
 Promoting and consolidating democracy
 Prevent and ensure peaceful solution of n or conflicts arise between
the States of the regi
 Organize solidarity action or n é hese aggressive or if n
 To promote, through the cooperative action or n, economic
development or economic, social and cultural development;
 Eradicate poverty í cr tica, which is an obst ass to the full democratic
development of the peoples to Mod hemisphere, and
 To achieve an effective limitation of conventional weapons or n
The mission of the Secretariat for Political Affairs (SPA) is to contribute to
strengthening the political processes of the Member States, in particular to support
democracy as the best option to ensure peace, security and development. The
SPA focuses on strengthening the role of the organization as the core of the
American system in the political field and to contribute actively to maintain
democracy in the Member States.
The OAS has a structure comprising:
 The General Assembly;
 Or the Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs;
 The Councils (the Permanent Council, the Inter-American Council for
Integral Development);

 The Committee é í Jur American physician;
 The Interamerican Commission or Human Rights;
 Í The Secretariat General;
 The Specialized Conferences;
 The Specialized Agencies.
This information was compiled by the author on the website of the International
organization ( http://www.oas.org/es/ ).
How the OEA oversees elections in Latin America?
The agency sends the Electoral Observation Mission made up of delegates
from the various countries of the region, almost all elections held in the Member
States. The OAS brings fifty (50) years observing elections in Latin America. It sent
its first mission in 1962 to Costa Rica. He has observed elections in 26 of its 34
member states. Observations have mainly contributed to consolidate hemispheric
democracy because one of the essential pillars on which it is based is the
legitimacy derived from the genesis of the political process, ie free, transparent and
inclusive elections.
In their reports highlight the participation of citizens during election days, the
behavior that showed the population to express their preferences through voting,
issues of access, equity, gender, campaign finance, media, transparency and
general support to electoral institutions in each country. Upon completion of the
counting of votes and elected officials, the election observer mission of the OAS
delivers relevant recommendations noted during the event in order to give a
substantive step in the consolidation of democracy. 3
Inter (2001) Democratic Charter.
This letter was adopted at the twenty-eighth special session September 11,
2001 Lima, Peru, whose purpose is. ¨ Art. 1 - The peoples of the Americas have a right to
democracy and their governments have an obligation to promote and defend. Democracy is
essential for the social, political and economic development of the peoples of the Americas ¨
With this statement the agency ensures that governments implement all
legal or regulatory measures to maintain political stability, which have achieved the
States of Latin America and the Caribbean. Democratic security is maintained with
such international instrument covering the political and strategic security
objectives.
This international instrument commits States to pay attention to democracy
and human rights issue, comprehensive development, poverty eradication,
institutional stability, etc.. Other documents such as Resolution 1080 and the

Protocol of Washington, among others, are manifestations of wanting to ensure
democratic security including human rights and guarantees, such as the separation
of powers. 4
So once rated the systemic and contextual challenges that countries
assume their effective implementation, it is necessary to reflect not only on his
philosophical-political mark, its actual capacity to serve and lead institutional
changes demanded by the region in terms of projection legal development of the
United Nation, from the local social cohesion and strengthening the multilateral
coexistence, while in favor in principle. 5
2.4 -. Economics and Globalization in Latin America and the
Caribbean
The economy -. Might be framed within the group of social sciences and
dedicated to the study of production and exchange procedures, and analysis of the
consumption of goods (products) and services. The word comes from Greek and
means "management of a household or family."
In 1932, the British brought another Lionel Robbins definition of economics,
considering it as the branch that analyzes how humans satisfy their unlimited low-
resource needs that have different uses. The role of economics is to provide
rational criteria for the allocation of resources as efficient as possible.
Globalization -.'s A modern phenomenon that can be analyzed from
different angles. The term comes from English globalization, where global or
overall equivalent to globalization would be more appropriate. The growing
interdependence between states and societies globally implies that decisions and
activities of a part of the globe have significant consequences for societies in
distant parts of the world (Mc Grew and Lewis, 1992, p.22)
Broadly speaking, one could say that globalization is the integration of
various international companies in a single world capitalist market. Therefore, the
phenomenon is defended from economic theories as neoliberalism and institutions
like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. 6
Globalization has
created an economic impact in Latin America, which results in the creation of the
free market as an example the region has a free trade agreement with Central
America, the Caribbean, and the United States.
While the foregoing, we can say that both economic factors and
globalization have impacted significantly on democratic security in Latin America
and the Caribbean. The economic climate has led some states have to rely on

external funds to cover the budget deficits of governments in their policies of state
investment.
This has been possible through multilateral financial agencies are available
to those countries with democratic physiognomy. Mention the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund.
2.5 -. Features of the situation of globalization on
Latin America and the Caribbean
Latin America and the rest of the world have a relationship that is not the
same as it competes with more powerful countries a security environment
characterized as a zone of peace and economic context marked by neoliberal
inheritance and trade openness. In this context, Latin America has taken several
different ways: first, openness, economic integration second and third joint free
trade agreements with the United States. However, the area lacks a strategy for
insertion in the globalized world. 7
Latin America has had several alternatives that are the result of combined
processes, globalization, regionalization and nationalism-which must be
understood and studied to extract the result they have now organized in the States
that compose UNASUR Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile,
Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina, Suriname and Guyana. Created as a means
of uniting integrationist forces seeking the development of the peoples of the region
in the field of political, economic, social and cultural. Search multilateralism,
reducing the asymmetry with the rest of the developed world.
Latin America is a region with great opportunities, one must refer to the new
scenario between Latin American countries and increasing its links with other
regions such as Asia led by China, in the broader context of globalization. For
example, the globalization of markets has encouraged Latin American countries to
diversify their contacts outside the region, and even beyond the Western
Hemisphere. 8
In addition, each Latin American sub-region receives differently U.S.
influence, that after the end of the Cold War has adopted different strategies. He
has made agreements with Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, and
countries such as Chile and Colombia.
Brazil and Chile have achieved an enviable economic growth, are examples
for the rest of the area. Asymmetry is a common theme throughout Latin
America. Mean that other regions such as Europe, Asia and North America are
more attractive for AL than for herself. 9

The global economy is in transition, with North America and the European
Union in crisis and a key economic hub that is geared increasingly towards
Asia.Although Latin America, with just 8% of the gross world product can not
change position abruptly.
The security context
It is relevant to understand the strategies adopted by Latin American
countries in international relations. There have been important changes in the
relations between the countries of the region in relation to the traditional concerns
for peace and security.
A broad concept of security means also include problems such as increasing
unemployment and poverty, marginalization of many sectors of the population,
human rights violations, environmental degradation, threats to democratic
development and economic welfare, and economic and political instability.
Terrorism and drug trafficking pose new challenges for sub-regional security
plans, as are attempts to develop within the framework of Mercosur. The new
threats that countries do not perceive its neighbors as potential enemies, but
prevent create a clear perception about who is the common external adversary and
how it must face.
Economic Context
Latin America and built a neoliberal policies related to globalization. As a
result of this decision, built strong relationships with market economies, it became
more dependent and closely integrated into the global economy. Tariffs were
reduced, exports were promoted, are invited foreign investors to bid to purchase
state enterprises and free trade agreements were promoted.
The effects of globalization have not had good results or damage. Economic
liberalization brought results, generated more dependence on economies,
increased vulnerability of global capital markets and reduced political autonomy.
The emergence of a new populist left in countries like Ecuador, Venezuela
and Bolivia can be interpreted as a policy response to the economic integration in
globalization. 10
Today, regionalism emerges as another powerful force of globalization that
continues to be the same effect as the latter has left.
The important thing is that the region is strengthened in any economic
environment, the exploitation of their wealth, fostering competitive exports,
supported by integrationist policies, the benefits of multilateral agencies, is the
case of Petrocaribe, MERCOSUR, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT , THE

AGREEMENT OF LOME, Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas, ALBA, SOUTH
BANK, driving the engine of productivity and the development of peoples. 11
2.6 -. Democratic Security and Human Rights.
Understanding what is actually meant by democratic security, it is clear that
its development and has sought to advance outlining depending on the clause of
the rule of law and the effective exercise of fundamental freedoms and human
rights. Thus democracy much use in the correlation of effective policies framed
rules governing society.
A society must grant the sovereignty of self determination without any
interference of a Foreign or domestic, to which must be strictly applied the
Constitution of the State.
The social state emerged in the early twentieth century as a response to the
lack of legitimacy was going through the capitalist state, which had plunged into a
deep crisis. The labor movement and socialist doctrines inspired by communists,
constituting one of the most significant expressions that could be placed in hard to
own the whole structure of the productive apparatus of the liberal state situation
arises then.
At that time, the state was characterized by observing a condition of non-
intervention in the most important areas of society development. It starts to change
the perception and understanding of what were the rights. Rights and disclosed in
the French Revolution, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789),
inspired by the American Declaration of Independence of 1776 and the
philosophical spirit of the eighteenth century, marks the end of the Old Regime and
the beginning of a new era.
At the end of World War II, the United Nations on October 24, 1945 is
created with the signing of the charter of the United Nations by 51 countries, in
order to maintain international peace and security. Subsequently, the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on 10 December 1948. And Latin
OAS also adopted the OAS Charter and the American Convention on Human
Rights, adopted in San Jose is created , Costa Rica on November 22, 1969.
Now they should be guaranteed beyond approval but had to sign them to
ratify and publish. Thus human rights are part of the rule of law and the
constitutionality of the signatory as the same cover Civil, Political, Economic, Social
and Cultural rights.
Democratic security is also related to human rights, otherwise it is not
effective application of public security policies. All plans are based on democratic

security guaranteeing citizens' rights enshrined in the civil and political, social,
economic and cultural agreements covenants.
2.6.1 The relationship between democracy and human rights
In its contemporary conceptualization, democracy has been closely linked to
the respect of human rights, because certain political regime can not be described
as democratic if within the same gross and systematic violations of human rights
occur. It can be argued that at least it is possible to find a field in which the
projection of democratic values is unquestionable.
Thus democracy, as noted D. Beetham, understand, today, as one of its
components, recognition and respect for civil and political rights also equal rank,
such rights.
To understand, in its effects, these two aspects together should define the
content thereof in the international order and note that in regional areas of law,
have become legitimate force democracy.
In the American system the recognition and protection of human rights has
expressed a clear link established between rights and democratic society, as
interpretive identifying the limits of the rights recognized in the Covenant on Human
Rights Inter. In this regard, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has stated
that "the concept of rights and freedoms and, therefore, of their guarantees, is also
inseparable from the system of values and principles that inspire. In a democratic
society, the rights and freedoms inherent in the person, the guarantees and the
rule of law form a triad of components each of which is defined, complete and
makes sense in terms of the others. " In regard to Latin American integration, the
relationship between democracy and human rights is of particular relevance, since
the democratization of Latin America and the Caribbean is an undeniable fact that
emerged from new RIAs.

CHAPTER III. -
IMPACT ON THE DEFENSE OF THE DEMOCRATIC
SECURITY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BY

CHAPTER III. -
IMPACT ON THE DEFENSE OF THE DEMOCRATIC
SECURITY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN BY
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.
3.1 -. Overview of public policy for democratic security.
In several countries in the region have implemented public policies for
democratic security in order to guarantee the fundamental rights of citizens, the
formation of programs to preserve and strengthen the political climate based on
democracy has been a task set countries enjoying over 30 years in democracy.The
policies are grounded in the rule of law, security of persons and property, and
regional security organization and institutionalization, according to "democratic
security treaty framework of Central America."
On this case the Dominican Republic has adopted a stance of joining this
international agreement, in order to take a geostrategic commitment to tackle crime
and transnational organized crime because relations between countries are very
good and there is a great degree of cooperation .
The objective of this intervention is to provide the experience that Central
American countries have accumulated in the development of collaborative
processes among states for public policy for the defense sector and identify
possible strategies for future collaboration.
Despite how it appears in recorded programs, these policies have a vital
task in several topics characterized treaties.
Possible collaboration between States and some sectors of society, in this
context usually expression was directly or indirectly a confrontation with other
sectors of society. Authoritarian form of government and armed conflict as a
political phenomenon that occurred in the region for decades dictated logic
relationship with the idea of "collaboration" not responding to the needs of public
policy for the common good, but survival needs of a question that sought political
enforcer to social protest. This prevailed in the Cold War era, the episode ends and
we find another drama with prevailing alternatives, is only the case of the
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). 12
But now the picture has changed. The States of Central America have been
able to exorcise the ghost of regional conflict, have been able to put an end to
internal armed conflicts that had developed in her womb, and representative

democracy have adopted as a standard for the regulation of relations of power
within society.
This is a process still underway, democracy is established in the region, as
evidenced by compliance in each of the countries of the basic conditions of all
electoral democracy. However, the consolidation of democracy depends not on the
survival of these minimum conditions that serve the political sphere, but the
extension of the principles and values that democracy provides for regulating
power relations at all areas of social life: economic, social, occupational, familial,
etc..From this point of view, the construction of democracy is an ongoing process,
with diversity of scale and scope and under different conditions, companies in Latin
America face the limitations and shortcomings of the young to advance democracy
and its consolidation, both the development of political institutions, such as the
democratization of all social relations under consideration; Bernardo Arévalo de
León in his publication ¨ public security policies and democratic governance: elements for building
intersectoral collaboration in Central ¨ . 13
3.2 -. Impact of the security and defense of democratic
security in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Security and defense are the prerogative of States to make a commitment to
having a military force ready to provide national security and defense of their
territory from any threat no matter its nature. Historically, military forces have been
present in all manifestations of the Free States. As is the case in Latin America and
the Caribbean, their presence has been outstanding, but have participated in
sounded against the constitutional order, it looks like your part and negative in one
case and not in others have advocated a constitutional government.
Yet the Armed Forces are part of the democratic security policy,
subordinate to the civil power, to be able to defend national sovereignty and
popular will preserve democracy as the only way to peace and social stability.
In the last thirty years have seen progress in the area of civil-military
relations by changes internally in our Armed Forces, with the doctrinal addressing
a new mission. Democracy has become a target, at least the declared across the
region.
Most analysts of this issue of Armed Forces agree that these institutions are
inherently conservative. The armed forces in a democracy are, in many respects,
and beyond all, different from an authoritarian regime. It is vital for the maintenance
of a democratic government in Latin America that security and defense are part of

the strategic policies of the nation, the military forces fulfill their role or duties in the
context of democratic values. 14
3.3 -. Role of regional bodies for democratic security .
In the region there are several agencies political, social, economic and
cultural, are linked to the same democratic security. agencies What are
these?Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLAC, the Central American
Integration System (SICA) the Organization of American States (OAS), the Andean
Community (CAN), the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), the Caribbean
Community (CARICOM), the Association of Caribbean States (ACS), Community
of Latin American and Caribbean (CELAC), the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples
of Our America (ALBA) Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Central American
Parliament (PARLACEN) and other integration schemes worldwide and
international institutions.
What has been the contribution of these organizations to democratic
security? Aiming to strengthen international relations between states of Latin
America, these bodies make a significant contribution to the consolidation of
democracy, the development of peoples, because they need mutual aid,
cooperation in various screeds public policy of a country, and that is achieved
progress in regional integration through these agencies with a permanent presence
in the history of diplomatic relations.
To encompass the economic, political and social lines has had to resort to
such bodies to understand that it takes a body balance which is used when there
are some conflicts or crises between countries whose interests are violated by
those with greater force to worldwide. The countries of the region and of these
summits held agreements and treaties arise; in the area of democratic security the
free trade agreement with the United States, Petrocaribe, CELAC in Caracas
Declaration, Declaration of the Heads of State of the member countries of the
Forum of Latin American Pacific Basin is signed is highlighted.
The reduction of poverty is seen as a political goal, their presence in the
region prevents the development of peoples, that is why bodies dealing with this
subject as millennium goal. Another contribution of international organizations is
through the funding and how to access soft loans, resources for the purpose of
being able to carry out the development of investment programs.
As part of international policy in the region has benefited from the
Interamerican Development Bank (IDB) created in 1959, which provides funding to
the poorest countries in the region as a contribution to its democratic security.

Another program created in January 1962 by the government of the United
States is THE ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS, which established priorities for
improving economic conditions in some countries in the region. The aid is targeted
technical assistance to reduce poverty and strengthen democratic ties with the
United States.
These regional and international bodies have been instrumental in Latin
America and the Caribbean achieved boost development, maintain political stability
in the democratic framework and overcome the setback meant the existence of
dictatorial governments, internal conflicts and revolutionaries, now turn to enjoy a
peace that took much effort and sacrifice of men and Latin women.
3.4 -. Democratic security in Latin America and the Caribbean
Democratic security in Latin America and the Caribbean to be approached
on two criteria: first : the functionality of the democratic system, and second : the
factors of perceived security and respect for human rights. Democratic security is
not only political stability, free elections, or absence of coups, but rather safety-
related conditions; in this region have adopted policies with efforts to ensure it
several agreements. The safety initiative the Caribbean Basin under the leadership
of the United States poses a strategic security perspective hemisphere directed to
strengthen their capacity to address common challenges such as illicit trafficking,
enhance public safety and promote social justice.
Common problems of security in the Caribbean require common responses,
more interregional coordination. For some time, CARICOM and the Organization of
Caribbean States (OEC) have attempted to boost cooperation mechanisms.
Hemispheric region faces several threats that becomes a vulnerable area,
although their democratic governments to ensure respect for human rights, is
considered the most violent in the world with high levels of insecurity becoming a
social problem more than 140,000 homicides a year and great loss of human and
economic resources, not less than 14% of annual GDP, causing an erosion of
democratic institutions. There are regional differences: the Andean region is the
most complex, then follows Central America and finally the Southern Cone.
Democratic security in Latin America and the Caribbean has been the
subject of several reports on the progress achieved. Governance is one of the
indices that point which has been his stay and outcomes experienced an
accelerated process of political, economic and social changes since the 1980s in
the third wave, the new democracies called technocrats have been able to play its
role on some States characterized by neoliberal economic policies. The democratic

populism has been confronting the neoliberal and producing changes in
acceptance of the voters, democracy also faces the problem of administrative
corruption wearing governments to commit such acts.
The neoliberal economic policies often become blamed for the decline of
democratic security, that is why it is assumed even by the lack of political
stability.While obviously the technocratic strata loaded with guilt. The application of
the law, the rule of law and equality before the law are garantistas rights that must
be protected in democratic governments, however the topic more justice in Latin
America has created a culture of inequality before the law, producing a adverse to
democracy because it increases poverty, corruption and cronyism characterized by
the inability of institutions to respond to social demands, under a free regime, with
regular and transparent elections to show that the democratic system is
legitimately accepted factor.
In effect based Latino Barometer 2010 indicates that 70% of citizens
surveyed in Latin America and the Caribbean believes that democracy has
problems, but is a good system; 66% say it is the best system to get to do a
developed country; 62% say that in no circumstances would support a military
government, 53% believe that democracy is preferable to any other form of
government; 59% believe that there can be no democracy without a parliament,
while 54% believe that there can be no democracy are political parties; 53%
believe that democracy can solve the problems that have as a country. There are
11 of the 18 countries where more than 60% of the population says that voting is
effective and in 13 of the 18 countries more than 50% believe in the efficacy of the
vote to change things.
This study shows that the majority of the population is sympathetic to
democracy, are the people who are empowered to maintain democratic
governments and stay for more than 30 years and even demand better social and
economic conditions for the rest of the population, which when making any
decisions at the political level must be approved by the people as the star of the
reality of Latin America and the Caribbean.
Democratic security tends to citizenship dela nation in which project leaders
seeking innovative ideas to improve social welfare and reject any solution by
military means. This is the case of Venezuela when it declined to give a coup
President Hugo Chavez and another case of Honduras when the legislature
associated with military power took the government of José Manuel Zelaya

Rosales, acts that were rejected by other countries of the Organization of American
States (OAS).
According to a report published by UNDP in 2004 established the levels of
democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean, among them are included as the
most democratic Cost Rica, Chile, Dominican Republic and Uruguay, this is due to
the civic culture of the exercise of rights and levels of support for democracy.
In the case of Dominican Republic, the country has played a role or role in
democracy to the rest of the other countries identified with excellent diplomatic
relations, marked by over 30 years of democracy makes this country as a defender
of the rights citizens and promoting the maintenance of peace in the region, is
included in the 3rd wave according to Samuel Huntington.
The defense of the country to democratic security in Latin America and the
Caribbean necessarily related to foreign policy with the United States, provided
these relationships significantly influence the political position of the Dominican
State regarding this issue.
The Carter administration had an effect on the political developments in the
region and then the Carter center influences how choice policies of governments,
provided this was contrary to the dictatorial currents enthroned in the region.
The Dominican Republic took advantage of this policy of human rights
proclaimed by Jimmy Carter in the midst of the Cold War was a strong ideological
difference versus socialism or communism.
Very few achievements that can be presented in the Dominican Republic by
the defense of democratic security in Latin America and the Caribbean because we
have to face several challenges in the economic, political, and social.
Economic openness and foreign investment in Latin America and the
Caribbean has been the only source of funding able to curb domestic inflation and
shift to moderate growth. The macro-economic policy paid off positive and tourism
development permit growth for bigger jobs and achieve economic levels according
to ECLAC in 1980 Latin America the richest 10% of the population owned a volume
of income 21 times higher the income of the poorest 40%. For 1990, 10% more
privileged absorbed 27 times more income by receiving 40% less favored this is a
sign of poverty presented by ECLAC. These figures influence human development
scheme in the region and therefore in democratic security
So far in the region the Organization of American States (OAS) is not
considered that it has provided both in terms of nature of security, political, and
democratic security, has only obeyed external pressures in order to maintain its

leadership in the region . Their missions are limited and very questionable,
focusing on a new agenda based face new threats: drug trafficking, terrorism,
immigration, smuggling and trafficking in persons and smuggling of weapons.
3.5 -. Perspective on Citizen Security in the Dominican
Republic
The Dominican Republic made in the year 2005 the first public safety plan
called DEMOCRATIC SECURITY PLAN (PSD) , in order to maintain public
tranquility and peace, as well as guarantees of citizens' rights. This plan included
the implementation several sub-programs: reform of the national police, safe
neighborhood, safe town, village public safety, food network, protecting victims of
violence, health and safety, alcoholic beverage control, control firearms, control
and regulation of fireworks, roadside assistance, immigration program
regularization of foreigners, naturalization, called 911, and interagency
coordination committee micro strategies against drug trafficking and sorting fire
departments. Each sub-program had its objective and the actions to take.
NATIONAL POLICE REFORM : Adapt to the institution in the organizational
order to be effective, and to ensure the exercise of the rights of citizens in a
democratic state.
SAFE NEIGHBORHOOD: empower neighborhood leaders to the issue of
security and link with state agencies in cooperation to seek peaceful solutions to
conflicts generated within the most vulnerable society solutions.
MICROENTREPRENEURS FINANCING DISTRICT OF ME . Facilitating
microcredit portfolio to the most deprived persons operating as small businesses in
the targeted neighborhoods. Financing business was achieved 2,747 total 12,813
direct beneficiaries.
A ROOF FOR MY NEIGHBORHOOD . Help facilitate the improvement of
the poorest households to enjoy a decent roof people.
Before applying a diagnosis was made in the National District and neighborhoods
Santiago, indicating very high crime rate, and a high perception of insecurity which
placed the country at a high risk of crime.
Other programs implemented as social assistance, arms control, and limiting
the hours of sale of alcoholic beverages, came to bring a complement that affected
the decrease violent acts. The effectiveness of the Democratic Security Plan had
its positive and negative effects for years after crime rates soared.

This shows that democratic states have to adopt public policies on citizen
security, the rule of law is preserved and that the citizen has no protection if
nothing had better enjoy a government that claims to be a guarantor of freedom.
Crime rate in the Dominican Republic (2000-2010).
Years old Homicide Rate
2000 14.6
2001 12.8
2002 14.9
2003 21.8
2004 25.2
2005 26.3
2006 23.6
2007 22.1
2008 24.8
2009 25.02
2010 25.01
Source statistics department of the national police
A report on the violence in Dominican Republic: nature, recent developments and
prospects Control * by Dr. Mayra Brea Edylberto Dr. Cabral Cabral of the Autonomous
University of Santo Domingo said: "That the assessments made by the same official sector
Safe Neighborhoods program highlights however, three weaknesses:
1. The inability of state institutions to respond to permanent and growing to multiple social and
economic causes of violence and marginality way.
February. Failure of Police for lack of human and material resources, to expand in its task of
prevention.
March. Limitations neighborhood organizations to integrate prevention. "
Graph of violent deaths in years 1991-2008 RD
Source uasd.edu.do / IPSU /
Perception of Public Safety. Crime rates have increased in Dominican
Republic in the last 10 years despite the figures, and statistics are not very
accurate, the offense has been associated with the most populated cities Santo
Domingo, Santiago and San Cristobal another factor to micro-traffic affecting any
citizen transiting through the city streets. The levels of perceived insecurity in the

region exceeds the 53.8% in Dominican Republic varies by 46.5% this percentage
gives the country where the perception of crime is among the highest in the region
because in recent years has had to implement programs of crime control to bring
calm to the population and minimize this perception.
This scenario demonstrates that public policies on citizen security properly
implemented still positive for democratic security.
3.6 -. Contributions of the Dominican Republic to the defense
of democratic security in Latin America and the Caribbean.
From the government of Juan Bosch, (1963) the Dominican Republic, a new
stage in the democratic construction that required a constitutional
amendment.Several institutional changes that was just emerging from a
dictatorship over thirty years were given. President Juan Bosch to take over the
government, urged the people to throw fear to fight for maintaining a democratic
society, with civil liberties and social justice with these words there was a strong
interest of sustaining democracy with the support of the people, though seven
months after military groups produce a hit State constitutional government.
This government in only seven months evinced a nationalist and
progressive, seeking political and economic development of the nation. But social
groups disagreed with that freedom and openness of the political ideal
transformers confused government with socialist ideals. Democratic security was
absent at that time was not known as such because it is a modern trend practiced
in the absence of global ideological bipolarity.
The defense of democratic security in Dominican Republic was historically
manifested in the revolution of April 1965, where the return to constitutional
government, which brought the consequences of a second military intervention by
the United States to impose geopolitical interests were required Empire North.
This event led by the Constitutionalists including Colonel Francisco Alberto
Caamano, were forced to negotiate the international conflict with the Organization
of American States (OAS) and the National Reconciliation Act was signed. The two
governments agreed to step down and choose a provisional Civil
Government.Other agreements were the holding of elections in 1966, the
declaration of a general amnesty, disarmament of civilians and the withdrawal of
the U.S. military. This agreement is another element that has to do with democratic
security in Dominican Republic . 15
Since 1966-1978 the Dominican Republic on a democratic basis transited
very challenged by the opposition, it was a very difficult period for the country, the

desire for continuity politically affected his administration Dr. Joaquín Balaguer
Ricardo, had to face opposition iron, even to the extent of political persecution,
political prisoners and the occurrence of alleged killings of opposition leaders, trade
union, university students, journalists etc., perpetrated by uncontrollable
government groups, generating many questions against the government
considered by many critics as an opponent of democracy.
Democratic security begins to be taken into account in the latest wave of
democratization in 1978 when the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) won the
elections in that year as the main opposition party the Reform Party. (Rosario
Espinal political scientist) said the following: " The attempt of electoral fraud in the vote
count generated an internal political crisis that resonated internationally, and both the Socialist
International and the United States, expressed their opposition to fraud, thus facilitating the process
of political transition in 1978 . " About this event suggests that governments in the
region were concerned that the popular will expressed at the polls was respected
even if necessary take all achievable measures of democratic security, military
forces are not resisted those claims although the heat of the elections openly
supported the continuity and only subjected to the civil power.
From this change democracy has endured for over 30 years, accompanied
by three constitutional reforms. It has prevailed alternative presence of three
political parties (PRD, PLD and PRSC) that have alternated power on several
occasions, but persists political patronage drawing sideways democratic power
and participation of citizens in politics.
Courting democracy has been achieved through the efforts of many people
who sacrificed for freedom this people should not abandon any particular
interest.Democratic institutions must be strengthened to obtain the support of the
people. The defense of democratic security is embodied in two scenarios: one
doctrinal and legal (rule of law) nature and other classroom-based (national
security) resting on security and national defense.
Democracy in the Dominican Republic has been strengthened, and so
indicate the surveys conducted by Latino barometer as to the confidence of
citizens in the political system, and as an example the measurements made in the
year 2010 are described.
Support for democracy in the region
Despite the economic crisis, democracy has continued to be supported by
the population. Between 2008 and 2010 in our country that confidence ranges
between 68% and 74%. Our findings revolve around the maintenance of the

citizenry is able to maintain a democratic security has made significant contribution
in the region.
System Support
Although democracy has strong support does not mean that governments
have a good performance and support of the population, in this case the political
system is highly contested and that does not meet the expectations of the agent
and this generates little system support Dominican Republic indicators show that in
2008 with a 57.6% and 53.9% in 2010.
Satisfaction with democracy
Around this indicator variable is common in supporting democracy, ie people
sometimes feel not feel satisfied in the best way with government, as to Dominican
Republic values are 2008 54.0% and 2010 50.7% . With the conclusion that the
population has a slightly lower satisfaction perception of how the government
handled economically and politically, making it clear that there is a social debt.
Support for Military Coups
Although the region in such actions no longer occur there is the conviction
that the economic crisis led to military groups banging United but once taken over
the same economic crisis prevents them continue to exercise
government. Respondents would support a coup with different conditions: high
unemployment, high crime, and high corruption in Dominican Republic in 2008 to
31.7% in 2010 32.2%. These findings demonstrate the low percentage of the
population to support a military coup no matter the conditions that exist certain
threats that disrupt democratic security. 16
3.6.1 -. Conventions and treaties on democratic security .
In Latin America have created various regional agreements are made
Framework Treaty on Democratic Security in Central America , including the
States of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama,
and then adhered the Dominican Republic. This agreement is a management
model of international partnership in order to integrate these countries for the
consolidation of democracy, development and hemispheric security.
This document has been instrumental defense of democratic security in the
region where all countries assume that commitment. A similar document is the
Democratic Charter of the Organization of American States (OAS). The treaty
framework components are based on the rule of law, the guarantee of fundamental
economic freedoms, social justice, and democratic values.

It also serves to resolve situations that violate the peace and affect the
security of any state. To the extent that has consolidated democracy countries
have made much progress in the quality of life for residents and exceeded internal
armed conflict. The current liberal democracy today is affected by crime, youth
violence, gangs, terrorism and narco activity.
Has been appointed as a Democratic Central American Security model that
supports the strengthening of civilian power, ensure public safety, overcoming
poverty, protecting the environment, controlling violence, trafficking in arms and
persons and facing the problem of illegal immigration.
Basically the treaty protocol comes Tegucigalpa containing cooperation for
democracy, rule of law, the principle of the subordination of the armed forces and
the police, face public or private corruption. Recognize the importance of those
security forces guide their actions in the resolutions of the United Nations. Maintain
mutual respect among nations parties where required not to allow their territories
destabilizing any action or task that threatens peace in the region.
All these conditions will allow the consolidation of democracy held by
governments maintaining good governance bailing equal fundamental rights of
people and systematic decisions opt potential economic and social policy impact.
Within this context, the Dominican Republic plays a role in defending
democratic security, as a free and sovereign State is actively involved in diplomatic
or political relations with other neighboring nations that are committed to make the
same commitment.
We can describe the role played by the country in defense of democratic
security in the XX Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Rio Group, on
March 7, 2008 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, in which governments of
Colombia and Ecuador were able to make peace, generated an international
conflict between two nations, President of Colombia Alvaro Uribe accused the
President of Ecuador Rafael Correa to cover in their country groups of the FARC,
and he accused Uribe of that his country's troops raided his territory after attacking
and killing several fighters including one of their leaders Raúl Reyes.
The participation of the president of the host country Dr. Leonel Fernández
Reyna, in this peace agreement was significant with the call for "unity of America"
because it could save the stability of international relations between democratic
governments serving space to discuss on the diplomatic crisis that pitted Ecuador
with Colombia and Venezuela , and that led to a harsh exchange of accusations.

Another case that is highlighted is the coup in Honduras, on June 28, 2009
the constitutional government of President Manuel Zelaya, who won the rejection
of the other countries in the region, the Dominican Republic condemned the coup
and maintained a diplomatic balance address this political event hosting as a
political exile Manuel Zelaya, and continued to play a conciliatory role in the
crisis. The OAS suspended Honduras as a member of the organization until the
country "restore democratic government."
The election of the Secretary General of the Organization of American
States (OAS), José Miguel Insulza, in May 2005, was produced with the support of
the vast majority of States parties including the Dominican Republic, the country's
mission to the OAS, held a strong position regardless of the interest shown by the
United States in another candidate. The coalition of states that supported
democratic Insulza maintained security in the region.
As for international relations and its link with the democratic security in Latin
America and the Caribbean, the Dominican Republic supports the various
initiatives to maintain regional security. Is the case of Inter-American Treaty of
Reciprocal Assistance, also known as the Rio Treaty or Treaty of Rio, and the
American Treaty on Pacific Settlement Pact of Bogotá.
In 1991, the Santiago Commitment to Democracy and the Renewal of the
Inter-American System which states "the need to promote representative
democracy as an indispensable condition for the stability, peace and development
in the region" was approved. This commitment, along with Resolution 1080,
constituted collective action mechanisms of the organization through which they
could deal with situations of threat to democratic institutions in some Member
States. This resolution was put forward by the Member States of the OAS on four
occasions: Haiti (1991), Peru (1992), Guatemala (1993) and Paraguay (1996).
The Organization of American States (OAS) has been for several years a
series of political interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean, where the
Dominican Republic held a position of political balance in the sphere of external
relations.
OAS intervention in Latin America and the Caribbean
YEAR COUNTRY SITUATION APPLICATION
1991 Haiti Coup President Jean B Aristides 1080
1992 Peru Government of Alberto Fujimori, stroke institutional 1080

status
1993 Guatemala President Jorge Serrano Elias, ordered the
suspension of several articles of the Constitution.
1080
1996 Paraguay The resistance of General Oviedo to abide by the
presidential Wasmosy
1080
Year Country Juncture Application
2002 Venezuela Coup against
President Hugo Chavez
Article 20
2003,
2005
a
nd 2008
Bolivia Successive political crises and violent street
demonstrations
Invocation
Generic
2004 Peru Clashes between the
branches of government
Invocation
Generic
2004
and
2005
Nicaragua Clashes between President Enrique Bolaños
and Parliament
Article 18
2005 Ecuador President Lucio Gutiérrez removed in the Supreme
Court and appointed new members unconstitutionally
2009 Honduras Coup against President Manuel Zelaya. Honduras I
remain suspended from participating in the OAS
Articles 20 and 21
Data compiled by the author

CONCLUSION
In the present investigation has been reported chronology of democracy in
Latin America, seen as a system in the early twentieth century began to produce
political changes in the different States, however international politics influenced
the presence of government characterized by despotism, warlordism, and long
dictatorships, who obeyed the moment tempered by the geopolitical world order
divided into two bipolar currents that marked the Cold War.
This ideological struggle between capitalism and communism prevailed
permanently in the region, most of these governments were supported by one of
these streams, represented by the U.S. and the USSR. Another phenomenon
occurred in Latin America, were the various revolutions or internal armed conflict,
which sought to impose their ideologies against imperialism. The common enemy
represented communism.
Elapsed the Cold War, leads to international organizations, with a
commitment to establish political stability in the region, gradually disappearing
dictatorships, and emerge a new security policy in the region. Democracy is a
symbol of development, cultural, economic and political development of institutions
capable of responding to the needs of the people in education, food, housing,
health, culture, work, other fundamental rights.
Democracy is focused on another nature, which makes it more important,
plays a decisive role in the future of Spanish-speaking peoples. The governments
of national concentration, liberalism, democratic security, democratic socialism, is
what we are experiencing today.
Is achieved by producing public policies that strengthen democratic security,
in the fight for social equality in poverty reduction and macroeconomic
equilibrium. A threat to democracy is foreign debt, which in many cases has been
the collapse of democratic governments in Latin America and the Caribbean. The
economic factor measures the perception of people about their government, if a
weak economy is high perception of insecurity and conversely if a strong economic
policy society values their rulers well with a high perception of security.
In each country under review is a common component that makes the policy
of the various governments, facing a crisis, dictatorial regimes under the leadership
of the military arise. Moreover, the popular will as a result of any group seizes
power at will and manage the country's destiny is imposed. International relations
in the defense significantly influenced the maintenance of democratic systems that
prevail in the region today.

With harmonize conditions between the states of Latin America has been a
phenomenon in particular that despite the difficulties faced by the region, as a
crisis of political, economic, and ideological, countries have faced bravely with such
threats, without the support of the most powerful nations, Latin America has
achieved many successes and different lines already identified.
The economy in the last ten years has been in the context of
macroeconomic stability, experiencing a slight increase. Seeking to maintain
connections with the various regional bodies that relate to the economy, trade and
productivity. But however this has failed, reducing extreme poverty, illiteracy, infant
mortality, crime, drug trafficking, violence, unemployment, immigration, lack of
opportunities, hunger, and the violation of human rights . These threats
endangering democratic security so much effort has cost the Latin American
people.
The Dominican Republic, in the defense of democratic security in LA and the
Caribbean, has played a central role because of its geographical location in the
region, only participated in all meetings and summits of heads of state and their
representatives presented good proposals to address the threats identified above
with a view to contributing to peace and development of the Caribbean and
continental peoples, is not much that can be said about the achievements obtained
in the country in defense of democratic security, His example says it all.
Democracy is the product of wills emanating from the majority to decide the
fate of a nation free. Security is a faculty that keeps belongings safe state those
that are acquired by people. In this case it is the democratic security is an abstract
security is not physical, not touched, is similar to the legal certainty applies to
preserve the application of laws in a state, so it is the democratic security not seen
is not a person or thing but it relates to people living in an organized society
represented by a nation or state.
The term of democratic security is new, is associated with security in general
term is typical of the conditions prevailing in a State, for its sovereign
conservation. System of government to promote flying characteristics guarantees
fundamental rights of citizens the enjoyment of civil and political, economic, social
and cultural rights that vision puts governments in a complex and responsible
situation, once allows the conquered people such powers can not violate those
rights, so there assume the defense of democratic security is in the hands of
everyone.

In short, the Dominican Republic has excellent diplomatic relations with all
State of Latin America and the Caribbean including Cuba for special reasons to
retaining different to other countries in the region socialist system. This paper
shows how Dominican Republic is a democratic path, how to assume their role in
relation to other countries and their links. In this perspective the role of the
Dominican Republic in defense of democratic security in Latin America and the
Caribbean is analyzed.
The space left by the end of the Cold War, Perestroika, bipolarity, the union
of Germany and the near disappearance of coups, what comes to occupy the
democratic order itself attracts other challenges of capitalism, the rapid growth
Asian economies, the creation of the European Union, neoliberal governments,
globalization, social democracy, social exclusion, extreme poverty, world hunger,
terrorism, drug trafficking, arms trafficking, illegal migration or immigration, makes
the States come together to seek an appropriate solution to these new threats that
do not cause more damage to the democratic system.
Bodies worldwide UN has established resolutions, conventions and treaties
that regulate processes in 193 countries worldwide political, economic, and
social; equally regional bodies such as Latin America have had a significant
presence in the same order, seeking integration, development, peace and security
of the peoples of Latin America. Democratic security depends categorically effort to
make all institutions of the State, so that citizens can fully enjoy a citizens'
democracy is more democracy to use democracy constitutions of advanced
societies, laying down a State law outlines that for many the ideal of democracy.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
1 -. As a contribution to society and those scholars safety, we recommend
that it be continued research from another perspective. Considering that is very
widely from different points of view, for a contribution to the political system of the
power groups that only through democracy people manage development.
. 2 - Create strategic plans to maintain the democratic security of the country
and the rest of the region, to maintain security and defense.
3 -. Reorient the fight against new threats, such as drug trafficking,
organized crime, youth violence, illegal immigration, arms trafficking, smuggling
and trafficking in persons, as the only way to maintain peace, democracy and
social life in Latin America and the Caribbean.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1. Sustainable development -. sustainable development here is
called é l development that is able to meet current needs without
compromising the resources and possibilities of future
generations. Intuitively a sustainable activity is here é call that can be
maintained. (ccqc.pangea.org / cast / sustainable / soscast.htm)
2. Democr to cia -. 's a system that allows you to organize a collection
of individuals, in which power does not reside in one person but distributed
among all citizens. Therefore, decisions are made u n s Eye View of a
majority or y. 17th
3. Matches í pol ticos -. The set of individuals who re u nen and work
together in order to gain power and achieve their proposals for the
organization or social n. 18
4. Globalization or n -. means reconnecting the human
community. Defined by Webster as a process that converts various activities
and aspirations "global in scope or application things or n ".
5. Socialism - A system of social organization or economic or mica n
and based on the ownership and administration or collective or state n of the
means of production or ny is proposed which gradually walks away. Í theory
raised by Karl Marx in the mid-nineteenth century.
6. War fr t . a - Finali Zado conflict b é lico Second orld War or the War
inici Fr í a, which maintained two opposing ideologies í world as: capitalist
and socialist until mid d é each of 1980. 19
7. Econom í world. - The set of social productive business
relationships, financial, monetary, and pol t policies that make the order or
global econ mico, under which forms of production or between ny
cooperation or n t pa are structured ses. www.definicion.org/

8. Human security -. means protecting vital freedoms of individuals
exposed to certain situations and threats. Creating systems that give people
the elements b musicians to survival, dignity and livelihood.
9. To democratic security policy -. pol í is a government policy paper
proposing a m to s active society, inside of the struggle of the state and its
organs or security against the threat to the occurrence of violence, and
criminal actions.
10. Narcotr to fico. - The narcotr to trafficking is the illegal drug trade
t or xicas in large quantities. The process begins with the cultivation of
substances continues with the production or ny or ends with the distribution
and sale is usually conducted by various posters that specialize in a certain
part of the chain.
11. Insecurity -. C oncept public safety é n can also refer to the
practices of pr ny defense or protection of citizenship í to by the state or
government, in pursuit of transforming an insecure one stage or socially
violent arm or mail.
12. Human rights -. those rules and prerogatives are inherent to human
beings, which serve as protection or n to freely exercise such powers,
universally recognized.
13. Homeland Security -. intr í n Function or nseca state that seeks to
protect its people, institutions or territory against any internal or external
threat. 20
14 -. Defending National -.'s action to maintain security objectives, the first
responsibility lies with the military. 21

REFERENCES
CONTENIDO LIBROS
Pared Pared, Silgfrido, A. Seguridad, defensa e identidad nacional, editora
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Círculo Militar. Primera jornada sobre defensa nacional. RD. 1997
Hendrihck, William C. Los Derechos Humano en Europa y América. España.
2004.
Alcaide Fernández, Joaquín. Las actividades terroristas ante el derecho
internacional contemporáneo 2000.
Ramón Chornet, Consuelo. Derecho y libertades ante las nuevas amenazas a la
seguridad global año 2005.
Metre Chust, José Vicente. La necesidad de la educación en el derecho humano
año 2007
Aufrert, Philippe.- Informe sobre la pobreza en la Rep. Dom. la pobreza en una
economía de alto crecimiento año 2002.
Brea, Ramonina, Duarte Isis, Tejada Ramón, Báez Clara. Estado de situación de
la democracia Dominicana (1978-1992) PUCMM. 1995 EDITORA CORRIPIO.
Dos Santos, Theotonio.- La crisis norteamericana y América latina año 1997
Serbin , Andrés. América latina y el Caribe anglófono año 1997.
Marret Serrano, Nicolás. Metodología de investigación científica, guía para
redactar trabajo de investigación año 2008.
Riezc Antonio Cuerda Jiménez García Francisco. Nuevos desafío del derecho
penal internacional, terrorismo crimen internacional y derecho fundamentales año
2009
Wolf, Grabendorff. La Seguridad Regional en las Américas enfoques críticos y
conceptos alternativos. Bogotá 2003 fondo editorial cerec.
B) Metodológicos
•Cea D´Ancona Ángeles, Métodos y Técnicas de Investigación cuantitativa”,
Editorial Síntesis Madrid 1997.

•Festinger y Katz. “Los Métodos de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales”. Piados
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•Flórez Ochoa, Rafael y Alonso , Tobón Restrepo. Investigación Educativa y
Pedagógica. Bogotá: McGraw Hill. 2001
•Grawitz M. “Métodos y Técnicas de las Ciencias Sociales I-II.” Editorial Mexicana
1984, México
•Hernández, Fernández Baptista. “Metodología de la Investigación”. McGraw Hill
1994. Colombia.
•Made Serrano, Nicolás. “Metodología de la Investigación”. Santo Domingo, 2006
•Padua J. “Técnicas de Investigación” FCE-Colegio de México 1982, México.
•Sabino, Carlos A. El Proceso de Investigación. Buenos Aires: Edit. Lumen.1996.
•Salkind, Neil J. Métodos de Investigación. México: Prentice Hall. 1999.
•Sierra Bravo R. Técnicas de investigación Social Teoría y ejercicios, Décima
edición, Editorial Paraninfo 1995 Madrid.
•Taylor, S.J. y R. Bogdan. Introducción a los métodos cualitativos de investigación.
Barcelona: Paidós. 1987.
•Tesis e Investigaciones de Internet.
C) Tesis
Romero Portuando Rafael Reynaldo. La relaciones dominico haitiana incidencia en
la defensa y seguridad nacional 1994-2004. Optar por la maestría en defensa y
seguridad nacional año 2010.
Acevedo Santo Erick Antonio PérezGarcía Leandro Ernesto. Participación de la
Fuerza Aérea Dominicana en la seguridad pública 2005-2010. Optar por la
licenciatura las ciencias militares aeronáutica 2011.
Arias Campusano Manuel B. Causa y consecuencia de la amenaza emergente y
su impacto en las fuerzas armadas. Año 2011. Escuela de graduados de estudios
superiores navales M.G.D. año 2011.
Santos Sánchez Peter Antonio B. Rol del Tratado Interamericano de asistencia
reciproca (TIAR) como mecanismo para la preservación de la democracias en
América. Escuela de graduados de altos estudios EGAE. Año 2011.

Manuel Arias Campusano B. Cause and consequence of the emerging threat and
its impact on the military. Year 2011. Naval school graduates higher education
MGD 2011.
Antonio Sánchez Peter B. Santos Role of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal
Assistance (Rio Treaty) as a mechanism for the preservation of democracy in
America. Graduate school of higher learning EGAE. Year 2011 .

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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC IN DEFENSE OF THE DEMOCRATIC SECURITY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 2000-2010 (LAST PART)