The biologic and mechanical testing of carbon scaffolds as a graft substitute for the repair of critical sized tendon defects and their potential use as a biologics carrier for tendon repair and regeneration
Epoxy silane (NEXTERION Slide E) versus Amino-silane Microarray Slides: Which...SCHOTT
Many researchers still use aminosilane coated slides for microarray production by immobilizing the DNA probes on the surface via ionic interactions. However, epoxysilane coated slides, which allow to link probes
covalently, becoming more and more accepted.
The aim of this study was to compare both slides in their performance by using oligonucleotides (probe and target) as test system.
We wanted to discover if there is a difference between both surfaces in terms of
I) Binding capacity and signal intensity,
II) Binding specificity,
III) Background performance
IV) Reproducibility.
We used NEXTERION Slide E (epoxy) and NEXTERION Slide A+ (aminosilane) which are produced using identical production processes and analogous silanes. Therefore, these two slides types represent a suitable model to investigate the questions asked. In addition, epoxy and amine slides from other suppliers were included into the test. We discuss how these differences affect the degree of discrimination and specificity of microarray based experiments.
A PdM technician's daily schedule is outlined, showing inspections, baseline readings, and defect validations for repaired equipment. While providing value through early defect identification, a PdM technician cannot predict exact failure times due to the random nature of failures. Common questions faced include how PdM adds value through planned repairs and what it cannot provide like failure forecasting. The document emphasizes the importance of validation inspections after repairs to ensure defects are eliminated.
1. The study retrospectively reviewed 19 patients who underwent a mini-open Achilles tendon repair technique with early functional rehabilitation between 2002-2009.
2. Patients were non-weight bearing in a short leg cast for 2 weeks, then began physical therapy and progressed to a walking boot over 2-4 weeks with the goal of neutral ankle and running shoe by 6 weeks.
3. Results showed high patient satisfaction, a mean post-op VISA-A score of 92, low complication rate of 11%, and significant pain reduction, demonstrating the benefits of this technique.
The consequences of complacency: managing the effects of unrecognized Charco...Wenjay Sung
This study examined outcomes for patients initially diagnosed with early Charcot neuroarthropathy (stage 0) of the foot at outside facilities but were later referred to two health science centers. The study found that delays in diagnosis were associated with worse outcomes, including progression to more advanced/active Charcot stages and increased risk of complications like ulcers and need for surgery. Specifically, patients with delays in diagnosis of over 4 weeks on average were more likely to progress to active Charcot stages with associated complications compared to those with shorter delays. The results suggest that early recognition and management of stage 0 Charcot may reduce future complication rates.
This document discusses various types of arthritis and their presentation in the foot. It describes rheumatoid arthritis as typically affecting the small joints of the hands and feet in a symmetrical manner, with early involvement of the lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint. Spondyloarthropathies like psoriatic arthritis can show asymmetrical oligoarthritis as well as enthesitis and periostitis. The document outlines four key features - enthesitis, arthritis, tenosynovitis and periostitis - and how they manifest differently in rheumatoid arthritis versus spondyloarthropathies. Imaging modalities like ultrasound and MRI are highlighted for their ability to detect synovitis, bone
Epoxy silane (NEXTERION Slide E) versus Amino-silane Microarray Slides: Which...SCHOTT
Many researchers still use aminosilane coated slides for microarray production by immobilizing the DNA probes on the surface via ionic interactions. However, epoxysilane coated slides, which allow to link probes
covalently, becoming more and more accepted.
The aim of this study was to compare both slides in their performance by using oligonucleotides (probe and target) as test system.
We wanted to discover if there is a difference between both surfaces in terms of
I) Binding capacity and signal intensity,
II) Binding specificity,
III) Background performance
IV) Reproducibility.
We used NEXTERION Slide E (epoxy) and NEXTERION Slide A+ (aminosilane) which are produced using identical production processes and analogous silanes. Therefore, these two slides types represent a suitable model to investigate the questions asked. In addition, epoxy and amine slides from other suppliers were included into the test. We discuss how these differences affect the degree of discrimination and specificity of microarray based experiments.
A PdM technician's daily schedule is outlined, showing inspections, baseline readings, and defect validations for repaired equipment. While providing value through early defect identification, a PdM technician cannot predict exact failure times due to the random nature of failures. Common questions faced include how PdM adds value through planned repairs and what it cannot provide like failure forecasting. The document emphasizes the importance of validation inspections after repairs to ensure defects are eliminated.
1. The study retrospectively reviewed 19 patients who underwent a mini-open Achilles tendon repair technique with early functional rehabilitation between 2002-2009.
2. Patients were non-weight bearing in a short leg cast for 2 weeks, then began physical therapy and progressed to a walking boot over 2-4 weeks with the goal of neutral ankle and running shoe by 6 weeks.
3. Results showed high patient satisfaction, a mean post-op VISA-A score of 92, low complication rate of 11%, and significant pain reduction, demonstrating the benefits of this technique.
The consequences of complacency: managing the effects of unrecognized Charco...Wenjay Sung
This study examined outcomes for patients initially diagnosed with early Charcot neuroarthropathy (stage 0) of the foot at outside facilities but were later referred to two health science centers. The study found that delays in diagnosis were associated with worse outcomes, including progression to more advanced/active Charcot stages and increased risk of complications like ulcers and need for surgery. Specifically, patients with delays in diagnosis of over 4 weeks on average were more likely to progress to active Charcot stages with associated complications compared to those with shorter delays. The results suggest that early recognition and management of stage 0 Charcot may reduce future complication rates.
This document discusses various types of arthritis and their presentation in the foot. It describes rheumatoid arthritis as typically affecting the small joints of the hands and feet in a symmetrical manner, with early involvement of the lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint. Spondyloarthropathies like psoriatic arthritis can show asymmetrical oligoarthritis as well as enthesitis and periostitis. The document outlines four key features - enthesitis, arthritis, tenosynovitis and periostitis - and how they manifest differently in rheumatoid arthritis versus spondyloarthropathies. Imaging modalities like ultrasound and MRI are highlighted for their ability to detect synovitis, bone
This document summarizes a study that treated poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyric-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) porous 3D scaffolds with surface treatments to improve cell-biomaterial interactions. The scaffolds were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or radio frequency oxygen plasma to increase their hydrophilicity. Weight loss measurements and scanning electron microscopy showed that both treatments increased the hydrophilicity of PHB and PHBV scaffolds. NaOH treatment caused greater weight loss and affected scaffold structure more than oxygen plasma. The aim is to identify the most suitable treatment for coating the scaffolds with cells.
This document describes a method for separating and identifying isomeric oligonucleotide adducts using ion-pair reversed phase liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (RP-IP-LC-ESI-MS/MS) and GenoMass software. Polymeric styrene-divinylbenzene monolithic capillary columns were used with various ion pairing reagents and mobile phase conditions to optimize the separation of oligonucleotides modified with carcinogenic compounds. The method allows for identification of adduct position on oligonucleotides. Extracted ion chromatograms and tandem mass spectra are presented to demonstrate structural identification of positional isomers.
Plasma diagnostics for planetary nebulae and H II regions using N II and O IIAstroAtom
This document analyzes plasma diagnostics for planetary nebulae and H II regions using optical recombination lines of N II and O II. It calculates effective recombination coefficients over ranges of electron temperature and density. It fits observed line intensities of several nebulae against theoretical predictions to determine optimal temperature and density. Comparisons with other diagnostics confirm a two-abundance model with a cold, metal-rich component.
This document summarizes a study investigating whether delivering the neuroprotective protein progranulin (PGRN) to motor neurons via lentivirus-mediated gene therapy can prevent motor neuron loss in a mouse model of ALS. PGRN has shown neuroprotective effects in other studies. The researchers injected PGRN-expressing or control lentiviruses into the leg muscles of transgenic ALS mice and wildtype mice before disease onset. Preliminary results show PGRN protects neurons in cell culture and may reduce motor neuron loss when delivered late in disease in mice. Ongoing work will assess effects on neuroinflammation and behavior as disease progresses. The goal is to determine if PGRN gene therapy can prophyl
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The document discusses using an IonCCD pixelated detector as an anode to directly read out electrons from the back of a micro-channel plate (MCP) for imaging applications. Simulations and experiments were performed to assess the performance of an MCP-IonCCD assembly. The IonCCD provides advantages over traditional phosphor screens by eliminating the need for electron-to-photon conversion and associated high voltages. Initial MCP-IonCCD tests showed the MCP provides a gain of 103-104 with little additional noise from the IonCCD. The detector system shows potential for trace analysis, ion mobility, electron spectroscopy, and compact 2D imaging applications.
The document discusses corneal transplants. It begins by explaining the function of the cornea and reasons why people may need a corneal transplant, such as corneal edema, dystrophy, or Keratoconus. It then describes the process of a corneal transplant, which involves removing the damaged cornea and replacing it with a healthy donor cornea. Finally, it notes that a corneal transplant is generally a successful procedure that can restore vision.
Christopher Kalkhof, Director of Alvarez & Marsal's Healthcare Industry Group, will present on assessing clinical integration readiness and global payment considerations. The presentation will cover:
1) Defining clinical integration and providing a regulatory overview.
2) The clinical integration planning and gap analysis process.
3) Considerations for contracting with payers in a clinically integrated network model.
4) Example appendices on clinical integration work planning and pre-ACA integration models.
1. The document is Issue 13 of Big Picture magazine, published in January 2011. The issue focuses on cells and cell biology.
2. It contains articles on the structure and function of cells, how cells divide and develop, how cells interact with their environment, the lifespan of cells and what happens when they die, stem cells and their roles in development and medical research.
3. The issue also includes "real voices" interviews with three people discussing how cells impact their lives.
Demonstration of alternate scanning LCMS for simultanous acquisition of precursor and product ions without precursor mass selection (ie Multiplex LCMS).
We use AppEco to simulate Apple’s iOS app ecosystem and investigate the effectiveness of common publicity strategies such as viral marketing, mass broadcast, targeted broadcast, and recurring broadcast, having your apps appear on the top apps chart, and having your apps appear on the new apps chart.
This document summarizes research on layered models for bridging low-level and high-level vision. It explores this through three problems of increasing complexity: 1) localizing lumbar discs in MRI scans using a two-level model, 2) detecting building facades and estimating parameters, and 3) full scene understanding by inferring a graph structure and semantic labels. The most challenging problem uses a joint model called PS3 to perform parts-based scene labeling at both the pixel-level and object-level simultaneously.
Optometry Admission Test Practice Biology Questionsoatprep
Practice questions for the biology section of the Optometry Admission Test (OAT). For more questions and tips on how to do well on the Optometry Admission Test, please visit us at http://www.ioatprep.com/
This literature review summarizes 24 studies on the health effects of exposure to 7 oil spill accidents between 1989-2008. [1] Most studies used cross-sectional and short-term follow up designs. Acute health effects were physical symptoms in clean-up workers and residents near spill sites. [2] Mid-term studies found effects on pulmonary function, endocrine, immune and genetic systems. [3] Long-term studies are needed to assess chronic health effects from oil spills.
The document provides an overview of Russia's energy future and the potential for biogas as a renewable energy source. It discusses Russia's current reliance on fossil fuels like oil, gas, and coal and labels these as finite, pollutive, and hazardous. The document also contains a diagram mapping out current renewable technology options, highlighting biogas production. It frames shifting Russia's energy supply towards renewable sources as a possible path for the country's future energy needs.
This document discusses the fabrication of porous three-dimensional scaffolds from poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyric-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) with improved thickness as cell growth supporting materials. Specifically, it produced PHB and PHBV scaffolds with thicknesses greater than 4 mm for use in tissue engineering applications. The scaffolds were characterized and evaluated for their ability to support growth of Acute Myeloid Leukemia cells over 14 days, demonstrating their potential as biomimetic scaffolds for culturing leukemia cells ex vivo.
Poster EWEA "Damping Estimation of an Offshore Wind Turbine on a Monopile Fou...Pieter Jan Jordaens
This poster describes a study comparing techniques to identify damping values of an offshore wind turbine on a monopile foundation. Tests were performed on a wind turbine in the Belwind wind farm located in the North Sea. Time and frequency domain analyses were used to estimate damping from accelerometer data collected during overspeed and ambient excitation tests. Results show ambient vibration tests using output-only identification techniques can provide good estimates of damping ratios for the fore-aft and side-side bending modes of the wind turbine structure.
This document proposes a sustainability index model (S) to quantify the sustainability of landscape irrigation design alternatives. S is calculated as the sum of standardized scores for three dimensions: environment (X), society (Y), and economy (Z). The model simplifies irrigation concepts to allow spreadsheet modeling of long-term performance for different design scenarios. Comparing S scores identifies the most sustainable options for minimizing water consumption. The index provides a starting point for optimizing water resource use through irrigation design.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
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This document analyzes plasma diagnostics for planetary nebulae and H II regions using optical recombination lines of N II and O II. It calculates effective recombination coefficients over ranges of electron temperature and density. It fits observed line intensities of several nebulae against theoretical predictions to determine optimal temperature and density. Comparisons with other diagnostics confirm a two-abundance model with a cold, metal-rich component.
This document summarizes a study investigating whether delivering the neuroprotective protein progranulin (PGRN) to motor neurons via lentivirus-mediated gene therapy can prevent motor neuron loss in a mouse model of ALS. PGRN has shown neuroprotective effects in other studies. The researchers injected PGRN-expressing or control lentiviruses into the leg muscles of transgenic ALS mice and wildtype mice before disease onset. Preliminary results show PGRN protects neurons in cell culture and may reduce motor neuron loss when delivered late in disease in mice. Ongoing work will assess effects on neuroinflammation and behavior as disease progresses. The goal is to determine if PGRN gene therapy can prophyl
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Christopher Kalkhof, Director of Alvarez & Marsal's Healthcare Industry Group, will present on assessing clinical integration readiness and global payment considerations. The presentation will cover:
1) Defining clinical integration and providing a regulatory overview.
2) The clinical integration planning and gap analysis process.
3) Considerations for contracting with payers in a clinically integrated network model.
4) Example appendices on clinical integration work planning and pre-ACA integration models.
1. The document is Issue 13 of Big Picture magazine, published in January 2011. The issue focuses on cells and cell biology.
2. It contains articles on the structure and function of cells, how cells divide and develop, how cells interact with their environment, the lifespan of cells and what happens when they die, stem cells and their roles in development and medical research.
3. The issue also includes "real voices" interviews with three people discussing how cells impact their lives.
Demonstration of alternate scanning LCMS for simultanous acquisition of precursor and product ions without precursor mass selection (ie Multiplex LCMS).
We use AppEco to simulate Apple’s iOS app ecosystem and investigate the effectiveness of common publicity strategies such as viral marketing, mass broadcast, targeted broadcast, and recurring broadcast, having your apps appear on the top apps chart, and having your apps appear on the new apps chart.
This document summarizes research on layered models for bridging low-level and high-level vision. It explores this through three problems of increasing complexity: 1) localizing lumbar discs in MRI scans using a two-level model, 2) detecting building facades and estimating parameters, and 3) full scene understanding by inferring a graph structure and semantic labels. The most challenging problem uses a joint model called PS3 to perform parts-based scene labeling at both the pixel-level and object-level simultaneously.
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This literature review summarizes 24 studies on the health effects of exposure to 7 oil spill accidents between 1989-2008. [1] Most studies used cross-sectional and short-term follow up designs. Acute health effects were physical symptoms in clean-up workers and residents near spill sites. [2] Mid-term studies found effects on pulmonary function, endocrine, immune and genetic systems. [3] Long-term studies are needed to assess chronic health effects from oil spills.
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This document discusses the fabrication of porous three-dimensional scaffolds from poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyric-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) with improved thickness as cell growth supporting materials. Specifically, it produced PHB and PHBV scaffolds with thicknesses greater than 4 mm for use in tissue engineering applications. The scaffolds were characterized and evaluated for their ability to support growth of Acute Myeloid Leukemia cells over 14 days, demonstrating their potential as biomimetic scaffolds for culturing leukemia cells ex vivo.
Poster EWEA "Damping Estimation of an Offshore Wind Turbine on a Monopile Fou...Pieter Jan Jordaens
This poster describes a study comparing techniques to identify damping values of an offshore wind turbine on a monopile foundation. Tests were performed on a wind turbine in the Belwind wind farm located in the North Sea. Time and frequency domain analyses were used to estimate damping from accelerometer data collected during overspeed and ambient excitation tests. Results show ambient vibration tests using output-only identification techniques can provide good estimates of damping ratios for the fore-aft and side-side bending modes of the wind turbine structure.
This document proposes a sustainability index model (S) to quantify the sustainability of landscape irrigation design alternatives. S is calculated as the sum of standardized scores for three dimensions: environment (X), society (Y), and economy (Z). The model simplifies irrigation concepts to allow spreadsheet modeling of long-term performance for different design scenarios. Comparing S scores identifies the most sustainable options for minimizing water consumption. The index provides a starting point for optimizing water resource use through irrigation design.
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Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
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- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
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Carbon Scaffolds For Critical Tendon Defects
1. Carbon
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DSc2,3,
PA.
Tsonis
PhD3
1
Perspec@ve
Advantage
Solu@ons,
LLC,
2
University
of
Dayton
Research
Ins@tute,
3
Center
for
Tissue
Regenera@on
&
Engineering
at
Dayton
Purpose:
The
purpose
of
this
study
is
to
inves9gate
the
mechanical
and
biologic
proper9es
of
carbon
fiber
Figure
1:
Reconstructed
Cri9cal
Size
Defect
of
Achilles
Tendon
Figure
5:
Load
to
Failure
of
Carbon
Scaffolds
Figure
9:
Confocal
Microscopy
of
Fibroblast
Adhesion
on
Carbon
Scaffolds
Results:
scaffolds
as
poten9al
graSs
for
repairing
cri9cal-‐size
Achilles
tendon
defects.
Light
Microscopy
Immunoflourescence
1) CF
and
CV
demonstrate
less
variability
in
physical
alributes
(Fig.
2)
and
load
failure
(Fig.
5)
than
the
Microscopy
GJ
controls.
2) CF
and
CV
were
more
porous
than
GJ
and
demonstrated
greater
tensile
modulus
than
GJ
control
(Figs.
* 2,
4).
Regression
analysis
showed
porosity
and
thickness
to
be
a
predic9ve
factors
in
load
failure
of
GJ
Introduc9on:
Surgical
repair
of
cri9cal
size
tendon
defects
associated
with
Achilles
tendon
ruptures
are
Denotes
Sta9s9cal
Significance
Between
Groups
Sample
1
control
but
not
CF
of
CV
(Fig
.
8).
Stress
and
modulus
were
predic9ve
factors
in
carbon
scaffold
load
formidable
challenges
in
reconstruc9ve
surgery.
Cri9cal
defects
occur
when
a
tendon
can
not
be
re-‐approximated
or
failure.
1c
sufficiently
lengthened
to
reconstruct
the
tendon
following
injury.
When
this
occurs,
there
is
a
tendon
gap
that
must
3) Micro-‐CT
imaging
showed
a
more
random
organiza9on
of
CV
fibers
than
CF.
The
fibrous
nature
of
GJ
be
bridged
to
restore
tendon
structure
and
func9on
(Fig
1a).
Tendon
transfers
(Fig.
1b
Flexor
Hallucis
transfer)
and
CV
extracellular
matrix
could
not
be
appreciated
on
Micro-‐CT
(Fig.
3).
tendon
allograSs
(Fig.
1c
Semitendonosis
allograS)
have
been
u9lized
to
bridge
deficits
however
both
techniques
4) Load
to
failure
of
CF
most
closely
resembled
that
of
GJ
controls.
CV
load
to
failure
was
less
than
CF
have
limita9ons
(1,
2).
AllograSs
pose
a
risk
of
infec9on
and
have
no
capacity
for
repair
given
their
acellular
nature
1a
1b
1d
1e
and
GJ
(Fig.
5).
Carbon
modulus
was
greater
the
GJ
control
and
more
closely
resembles
modulus
of
(3,
4).
Tendon
transfers
provide
a
func9onal
muscle
tendon
complex
however
the
strength
and
power
of
commonly
Sample
2
Achilles
tendon
reported
in
the
literature
(Fig.6).
transferred
tendons
are
inferior
to
the
Achilles
tendon.
There
are
no
biologically
ac9ve
graSs
with
FDA
approved
5) Max.
load
to
failure
of
carbon
was
greater
than
GJ
control
and
reported
values
of
load
failure
of
indica9ons
for
use
in
cri9cal
defect
repair
however
several
commercial
scaffolds
such
as
GraS
Jacket
(GJ)
(Fig.
1d)
are
Figure
6:
Tensile
Behavior
of
Carbon
Scaffolds
rou9nely
used
to
re-‐enforce
Achilles
tendon
repair
surgery
(5).
In
the
most
severe
cases,
all
of
the
above
techniques
Figure
2:
Physical
Proper9es
of
Carbon
Scaffolds
and
GraS
Jacket
Controls
Achilles
tendon
(Figs.
5
&6
).
6) Morphology
of
fibroblast
adhesion
on
CF
consistently
demonstrated
cell
clustering
and
diffuse
ac9n
may
be
applied
to
reconstruct
the
Achilles
tendon
(Fig.
1e).
There
are
currently
no
graS
implants
available
that
organiza9on
similarly
observed
with
adhesion
to
the
vascular
surface
of
GJ
controls
while
CV
provide
the
mechanical
strength
,
durability
and
cellular
ac9vity
needed
for
tendon
repair
and
func9on.
Limited
Sample
1
demonstrated
less
clustering
and
focal
filamentous
ac9n
organiza9on
more
similar
to
cell
adhesion
to
studies
have
explored
carbon
as
a
biocompa9ble
structural
graS
for
Achilles
repair
yet
none
have
explored
its
the
epidermal
surface
of
GJ
control.
(Fig.
10).
poten9al
dual
func9ons
as
a
structural
graS
and
vehicle
for
delivering
cells
and
biofactors
(6).
7) Growth
rate
of
fibroblasts
on
carbon
was
less
than
GJ
control
GJ>CF>CV.
Growth
rate
on
CF
Carbon
scaffolds
seeded
with
fibroblasts
or
mesenchymal
stem
cells
may
have
the
poten9al
to
enhance
tendon
healing
through
synthesis
of
anabolic
growth
factors
and
extracellular
matrix
(10,
11,
12).
Although
carbon
is
not
a
CF
8)
approached
that
of
GJ
control
(Fig.
10).
Fibroblast
adhesion
on
carbon
scaffolds
was
significantly
lower
than
GJ
controls
cultures
(Fig.
7).
new
component
of
medical
implants,
technologies
that
enable
nanoscale
engineering
of
carbon
and
its
physical
proper9es
are.
Carbon
scaffolds
can
be
engineered
to
specific
dimensions,
fiber
orienta9on,
porosity
as
well
as
Sample
2
mechanical
strength
and
texture
at
a
nanoscale.
Extracellular
matrix
interac9ons
with
cells
also
occur
on
this
same
scale
to
regulate
cell
morphology.
Fibroblast
morphology
influences
cell
anabolism
and
prolifera9on,
two
key
Conclusions
&
Discussion:
1) Carbon
engineering
has
poten9al
to
yield
tendon
subs9tutes
with
mechanical
proper9es
similar
to
the
process
that
regulate
9ssue
repair
and
healing.
The
organiza9on
of
Poly(D,L-‐lac9c-‐co-‐glycolic
acid)
and
collagen
Achilles
tendon
and
biologic
ac9vity
that
promotes
tendon
healing.
Factors
that
influence
variance
in
meshes
have
been
shown
to
influence
fibroblast
morphology
however
it
is
unknown
whether
carbon
similarly
load
failure
in
carbon
are
different
from
factors
affec9ng
load
failure
in
GJ.
These
differences
may
be
influences
morphology
or
if
carbon
can
be
specifically
manipulated
to
geometrically
stabilize
or
induce
cell
Figure
3:
Micro-‐CT
Imaging
of
Scaffold
Organiza9on
*Achilles
modulus
data
extracted
from:
Abrahams,
M.
Mechanical
Behavior
of
Tendon
IN
VITRO:
A
Preliminary
Report.
Med.
&
Biol.
Eng
1967;5(5):433-‐443
Sample
1
related
to
unique
proper9es
of
carbon
in
comparison
with
9ssue
derived
scaffolds.
morphologies
that
promote
9ssue
repair
and
regenera9on
(7,
8,
9).
In
na9ve
9ssues,
disrup9on
or
loss
of
Dermal
Surface
2) Scaffold
porosity
was
shown
to
have
an
insignificant
affect
on
load
failure
variance
in
carbon
but
did
extracellular
matrix
results
in
9ssue
degenera9on
and
failure
of
9ssue
repair.
The
poten9al
ability
of
carbon
to
account
for
significant
variance
in
GJ
load
failure.
This
suggests
that
carbon
may
have
advantages
support
9ssue
repair
processes
in
an
environment
deficient
of
extracellular
matrix
may
provide
an
unique
opportunity
to
create
a
graS
with
the
strength
of
a
mature
9ssue
without
the
matrix
structure
and
organiza9on
of
Figure
7:
Fibroblasts
Adhesion
and
Survival
to
Scaffolds
In
Vitro
GJ
over
some
natural
9ssue
scaffolds
that
allow
maximiza9on
of
scaffold
porosity
to
promote
graS
vasculariza9on
without
compromising
the
mechanical
strength
necessary
to
restore
Achilles
func9on
mature
9ssue.
Sample
2
* when
repairing
cri9cal
size
tendon
defects.
This
study
compared
the
mechanical
strength,
physical
proper9es
and
biologic
capacity
of
two
carbon
scaffolds
CV
CV
Epidermal
Surface
Denotes
Sta9s9cal
3) Carbon
scaffolds
demonstrate
a
capacity
to
support
fibroblast
growth
and
prolifera9on.
This
makes
against
GraS
Jacket
test
controls.
The
ability
of
carbon
to
support
cell
growth
and
act
as
a
substrate
for
9ssue
repair
(Surface)
(Deep)
Significance
Between
Groups
carbon
a
poten9al
carrier
of
living
cells
for
sustained
delivery
of
growth
factors
and
extracellular
was
assessed
by
examining
fibroblast
adhesion,
survival
and
prolifera9on
on
carbon
scaffolds.
The
ability
of
carbon
matrix
synthesis
to
a
site
of
tendon
repair.
Some
refinement
in
CF
and
CV
proper9es
will
likely
be
to
stabilize
fibroblast
morphology
was
examined
by
confocal
microscopy.
The
physical
and
mechanical
proper9es
of
(Red
=
Ac9n
Filaments,
Blue
=
Nuclei)
necessary
to
op9mize
and
prolong
fibroblast
growth
and
adhesion
proper9es
to
carbon.
carbon
were
examined
by
Micro-‐CT
and
MTS
tes9ng.
GJ
CV
CF
GJ
CF
CF
Future
Studies:
Materials&Methods:
Carbon
Scaffolds:
Two
polyacrylonitrile
(PAN)
carbon
fiber
materials
were
engineered
(Surface)
(Deep)
Figure
10:
Rates
of
Fibroblast
Prolifera9on
on
Scaffolds
In
Vitro
(A 450nm-‐A690nm)
1) Characteriza9on
of
growth
factor
and
matrix
molecule
synthesis
of
fibroblasts
cultured
on
carbon
to
make
a
Carbon
Veil
(
CV)
and
Carbon
Fabric
(CF)
scaffold
by
conven9onal
processing
techniques
of
spinning,
scaffolds
stabiliza9on
and
carboniza9on.
Carbon
scaffolds
were
fabricated
by
combining
PAN
fibers
with
10%
w/w
2) Further
modifica9on
and
design
a
carbon
scaffolds
proper9es
to
op9mize
mechanical
strength
and
polycaprolactone
(14kDa,
SIGMA)
in
acetone
.
CV
is
a
heterogeneous
organiza9on
of
fibers
while
CF
fibers
are
more
ability
to
support
cell
adhesion
and
prolifera9on
homogenously
aligned.
The
sequen9al
processes
of
spinning
and
carboniza9on
were
used
to
make
carbon
scaffolds.
Figure
4:
Rela9onship
of
Carbon
Scaffold
Porosity
to
Tensile
Stress
Mechanical
Tes9ng:
Load
failure,
stress
and
modulus
were
compared
across
hydrated
scaffolds
with
an
MTS
using
a
Disclosure
loading
rate
of
2.54
mm
/min,
(N=10).
Micro-‐CT
Tes9ng:
A
micro-‐ct
x-‐ray
system
(Scanco
Medical,
Switzerland)
was
*Test
Control
Samples
of
GraSJacket
were
donated
by
Wright
Medical
Technology*
used
to
characterize
scaffold
thickness
and
porosity
with
7
um
sec9ons.
Confocal
Microscopy:
Fibroblasts
(CRL
2703
Stepwise
Mul9variate
Regression
of
Carbon
Scaffolds’
Load
Failure
as
cell
line)
were
cultured
on
scaffolds
in
vitro
with
in
DMEM
with
10%
FBS.
Confocal
microscopy
was
used
to
evaluate
Figure
8:
a
Func9on
of
Tensile
Modulus,
Porosity,
Stress,
Scaffold
Thickness
References
cell
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morphology
and
viability
of
fibroblast
cultures
at
several
9me
points
over
a
period
of
96
hrs
using
Carbon
Scaffolds
(Combined
Scaffolds
N=40
)
GraS
Jacket
Control
(N=20)
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P.
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by
fibroblast
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at
450nm
and
690
nm
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u9lizing
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scaffold.
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regression
was
used
to
examine
the
rela9onship
between
scaffold
thickness
and
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J.L.,
A.G.
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and
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with
alpha
of
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(GJ)
control
samples
were
donated
by
Wright
Medical
Technologies.
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X.,
et
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