RNA processing 1. Pretend the following string of letters is a seque.pdf
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RNA processing 1. Pretend the following string of letters is a sequence of DNA his sequence has introns and exons in which the exons are actual English words In the example below, find the exons and introns A) Underline the exons and circle the introns THEQRASTRVAFATORASTRVACATQRASTRVAATEQRASTRVATHEQRASTRVARED QRASTRVAWETQRASTRVAR AT B) What do you notice about the introns? C) In the sentence we made before by removing the introns, which words can you leave out and still make a sentence that makes sense? Write all the possible alternatives. Solution a.Exons: THE, FAT, CAT, ATE, THE, RED, WET, RAT Introns: QRASTRVA: b. All the introns present in DNA possess same sequence. c. Other alternative sence words are: THE FAT CAT ATE RED RAT; THE FAT CAT ATE WET RAT; THE CAT ATE RED RAT; THE CAT ATE RED WET RAT etc.
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Congestive heart failure is a common condition. What would be an ini.pdf
Congestive heart failure is a common condition. What would be an initial investigation which
points to the possibility of congestive heart failure, and which then may lead to blood tests, and
further diagnostic measures?
Solution
Shortness of breath is observed with left side myocardial pain (left hand side) due to shortage of
oxygen (hypoxia mediated iscahemia, myocardial infarction) supply to the heart muscles result
in increased rate of breathing. This can be initially observed with \"leg swelling (because cardiac
output decreases during myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure)\" due to peripheral
edema followed by \"rales or crackles\" primarily can be heard in the lung bases. These are the
events followed by examining patient for blood tests and ECG etc performed.
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the inability of heart to pump adequate blood according to
body demands. Hypertension and coronary heart disease are the most common reasons of heart
failure..
How many binary digits are needed to create 1024 combinationsA. 8.pdf
How many binary digits are needed to create 1024 combinations?
A. 8
B. 9
C. 10
D. 11
Solution
C is correct. Ten binary digits provide 1024 combinations (210 = 1024).
A, B, and D are incorrect. A is not correct because eight binary digits provide 256 combinations
(28 = 256). B is not correct because nine binary digits provide 512 combinations (29 = 512). D is
not correct because 11 binary digits provide 2048 combinations (211 = 2048)..
How does convection differ from conductionA) In convection, magnet.pdf
How does convection differ from conduction
A) In convection, magnetic poles attract or repel one another in a similar manner, whereas in
conduction, this does not happen.
B) Convection involves fluid motion, whereas conduction does not.
C) Convection is independent of pressure, whereas conduction is not.
D) The rate of heat convection in a given direction is proportional to the temperature gradient in
that direction, but in conduction, it is inversely proportional.
Solution
option b- convection involves fluid motion where as conduction does not.
Circle ALL (if any) applicable terms for the events described.1.pdf
Circle ALL (if any) applicable terms for the events described.
12. picking a red bean, eating it, and then picking a primary colored bean.
overlapping event, dependent, independent, permutation.
13. picking a fruit-flavored or primary colored bean.
overlapping event, mutually exclusive event, compound event, dependent.
Solution
12. overlapping event
13.mutually exclusive event.
Ed stays on Earth, and watches his twin Rob fly away in a rocket. E.pdf
Ed stays on Earth, and watches his twin Rob fly away in a rocket. Ed sees Rob\'s clock run
more slowly, so he expects Rob to age more slowly. 2. From his vantage point in the rocket.
Rob watches his twin Ed and the planet Earth moving away from him. Rob sees Ed\'s clock run
more slowly, so he expects Ed\'s to age more slowly. 3. If Rob returns to Earth, he will be
younger than Ed. 4. An electron that has been accelerated through a potential difference of + 10
kV has the same kinetic energy as a proton that has been accelerated through a potential
difference of - 10 kV. 5. To a good approximation, the momentum of an electron that has been
accelerated through a potential difference of 500 times 10^6 Volts is 500 Me V/c. 6. Planck used
a quantum hypothesis to explain how the color of a heated object changes with temperature. 7.
The more uncertain a particle\'s position, the more uncertain its momentum. 8. The de Broglie
wavelength of a neutron is smaller than the dc Broglie wavelength of an electron with the same
momentum. 9. For an electron in a square well, the separation between successive energy levels
increases as the energy increases. 10. For an electron in a hydrogen atom, the separation
between successive energy levels increases as the energy increases.
Solution
1) true. It can be explained by time dilation.
2) False. He sees Ed\'s clock run more quickly.
3) true.
4) true.
Explain why the notochord is an evolutionary advacement. (what is a .pdf
Explain why the notochord is an evolutionary advacement. (what is a notochord and why is it
adaptive?)
Solution
A notochord is a primitive beginning to the backbone. It appears in embryos as a small flexible
rod made from cells from the mesoderm, which is one of the three layers of cells of embryos.
Notochords are only found in the phylum chordata, a group of animals that includes humans. In
fact, it is the defining feature of that particular phylum. Notochords, and furthermore backbones,
are what separate us from the more primitive living creatures that we encounter.The notochord is
oriented head to tail and is found between the digestive tube and the nerve cord. Since it is
composed of stiffer tissue, it allows for skeletal support of the organism.
why the notochord is an evolutionary advacement -
In vertebrates, the notochord arises from the dorsal organiser. Originally identified by Spemann
and Mangold in amphibians, the dorsal organiser is a region of a vertebrate gastrulae that, when
transplanted into prospective lateral or ventral regions of a host embryo, induces the formation of
a second embryonic axis, while only contributing to notochord and prechordal mesendoderm . In
amphibians, this region is the dorsal lip of the blastopore. In other species, homologous
structures have been found: the embryonic shield of teleost fish, Hensen\'s node in the chick and
the node of mouse embryos all possess essentially the same activities as Spemann and
Mangold\'s dorsal organiser . The functions and activities of the dorsal organiser are complex.
For this discussion, it is useful to consider the relationship between specification of notochord
fate and dorsal organiser activities. First, however, what are the distinct morphological stages
that the dorsal mesendoderm progresses through on its way to becoming a mature notochord?
The first major transition is from dorsal organiser to chordamesoderm. During early gastrula
stages, the chordamesoderm, which is the direct antecedent of the notochord, becomes
morphologically and molecularly distinct from other mesoderm. Cellular rearrangements
involving the mediolateral intercalation and convergence of cells towards the dorsal midline,
force the chordamesoderm into an elongated stack of cells. Genetic screens in zebrafish have
identified two loci, floating head (flh) andbozozok (dharma – Zebrafish), as being essential for
this transition to occur . As development proceeds, chordamesoderm cells acquire a thick
extracellular sheath and a vacuole. Osmotic pressure within the vacuole acts against the sheath,
gives the notochord its characteristic rod-like appearance, and provides mechanical properties
that are essential for the proper elongation of embryos and for the locomotion of invertebrate
chordates and many vertebrate species. This transition, from chordamesoderm to mature
notochord, requires a host of loci that have been identified in zebrafish genetic screens..
Describe 5 factors that could affect the quality of building and con.pdf
Describe 5 factors that could affect the quality of building and construction projects.
Solution
1)Project Manager Competence:
Extracted success factors attributes mainly on coordinating the ability and rapport of the PM, the
trust imposed in the project team by the delegating authority to project team members, the
technical capability, positive attitude and leadership. A project manager is the key person at the
site who, within a set of guidelines kept in place by the top management, allocates resources and
makes policy decisions at site level. Sometimes mere involvement of a project manager in site
activities can lift the morale of team members and they start working with full zeal and
enthusiasm to achieve the desired quality level.A competent manager organizes resources
through constant persuasion with his or her higher ups; takes active part in construction control
meetings held at site level; acts as a catalyst in training the human resources in the skill
demanded by the project; and he or she makes their people committed to the project through
effective leadership and by acting in non-partisan ways. All these attributes can be thought of
originating from a Project Manager’s competence, hence the name.
2)Top Management Support
Top management support is essential for achieving desired quality mainly on account of four
issues. It is the top management’s prerogative to set all the policy issues (including quality
policy) and control resources. In addition, top management arrange training of human resources
involved in the project and they have a big role to play in identifying the project manager. Top
management support practically becomes the most important of all factors. It can be seen that top
management controls all the key factors and hence their support is highly desired for the quality
compliance.
3)Monitoring and Feedback by Project Participants
Two main attributes emerging in this factor explain the predominant aspects of monitoring and
feedback. Since the other attributes appear as a combination, this factor is named after
Monitoring and Feedback. Proper monitoring and timely feedback help in controlling the
workmanship and they enhance the quality of a project. If each part of the activity of a project is
monitored effectively and instances of poor workmanship and improper usage of resources – be
it material, labor or plant and machinery – are reported promptly, it aids in achieving the desired
quality level. Committed participants would stick to the quality plan and they would follow the
accepted technical practices to carry out the different project activities.
4)Interaction among Project Participants
Any project involves interaction among different project participants. The participants include
the internal participants, such as the contractor’s team members, as well as the external team
members, such as different subcontractors and vendors. Most of the activities require proper
understanding of the needs of the others. Ther.
An anayzer is a device used to a. measure or control flow, temperatur.pdf
An anayzer is a device used to a. measure or control flow, temperature, level, or pressure b.
measure physical and chemical compositions of materials c. send a signal, a controller, recorder,
or indicator d. measure temperature changes in relationship to electrical resistance 2. A process
variable is best described as a. transmitter signal to an analytical controller b. a process
condition that is subject to change c. a variable process condition that is automated so
fluctuations are eliminated d. the lag time in a pneumatic control loop 3. A level measurement
device attached to a vessel that allows an operator to see the correspondinn liquid level is a a.
sight glass gauge C. RTD b. rotameter d. transmitter 4. A thermocouple is a. a wire compoved
of dissimilar metals that are connected at one end b. a resistive temperature detecior used to
measure temperature changes in relationship to electrical resistance c. a device used to measure
physical and chemical compositions d. a device designed to alert operators when a process
variable exceeds established parameters 5. In a process control loop. a(n) can be transmitted
over the longest distance. a. pneumatic signal c. hydraulic signal b. electrical signal d.
pneumatic-electrical signal 6. signals are usually transmitted in milliamperes. a. Pneumatic c.
Hydraulic b. Electrical d. Pneumatic-electrical 7. A DP cell is an example of a. a. controller c.
transducer b. transmitter d. converter 8. A control loop is a. a collection of instruments that
work together to automatically control a process b. an electronic process flow diagram used to
automatically control a process c. an electronic system that controls and monitors process
variables d. a set of devices used to transmit one form of energy into another
Solution
1)B
2)B
3)A
4)A
5)B
6)D
7)B
8)C.
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Congestive heart failure is a common condition. What would be an ini.pdf
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points to the possibility of congestive heart failure, and which then may lead to blood tests, and
further diagnostic measures?
Solution
Shortness of breath is observed with left side myocardial pain (left hand side) due to shortage of
oxygen (hypoxia mediated iscahemia, myocardial infarction) supply to the heart muscles result
in increased rate of breathing. This can be initially observed with \"leg swelling (because cardiac
output decreases during myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure)\" due to peripheral
edema followed by \"rales or crackles\" primarily can be heard in the lung bases. These are the
events followed by examining patient for blood tests and ECG etc performed.
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the inability of heart to pump adequate blood according to
body demands. Hypertension and coronary heart disease are the most common reasons of heart
failure..
How many binary digits are needed to create 1024 combinationsA. 8.pdf
How many binary digits are needed to create 1024 combinations?
A. 8
B. 9
C. 10
D. 11
Solution
C is correct. Ten binary digits provide 1024 combinations (210 = 1024).
A, B, and D are incorrect. A is not correct because eight binary digits provide 256 combinations
(28 = 256). B is not correct because nine binary digits provide 512 combinations (29 = 512). D is
not correct because 11 binary digits provide 2048 combinations (211 = 2048)..
How does convection differ from conductionA) In convection, magnet.pdf
How does convection differ from conduction
A) In convection, magnetic poles attract or repel one another in a similar manner, whereas in
conduction, this does not happen.
B) Convection involves fluid motion, whereas conduction does not.
C) Convection is independent of pressure, whereas conduction is not.
D) The rate of heat convection in a given direction is proportional to the temperature gradient in
that direction, but in conduction, it is inversely proportional.
Solution
option b- convection involves fluid motion where as conduction does not.
Circle ALL (if any) applicable terms for the events described.1.pdf
Circle ALL (if any) applicable terms for the events described.
12. picking a red bean, eating it, and then picking a primary colored bean.
overlapping event, dependent, independent, permutation.
13. picking a fruit-flavored or primary colored bean.
overlapping event, mutually exclusive event, compound event, dependent.
Solution
12. overlapping event
13.mutually exclusive event.
Ed stays on Earth, and watches his twin Rob fly away in a rocket. E.pdf
Ed stays on Earth, and watches his twin Rob fly away in a rocket. Ed sees Rob\'s clock run
more slowly, so he expects Rob to age more slowly. 2. From his vantage point in the rocket.
Rob watches his twin Ed and the planet Earth moving away from him. Rob sees Ed\'s clock run
more slowly, so he expects Ed\'s to age more slowly. 3. If Rob returns to Earth, he will be
younger than Ed. 4. An electron that has been accelerated through a potential difference of + 10
kV has the same kinetic energy as a proton that has been accelerated through a potential
difference of - 10 kV. 5. To a good approximation, the momentum of an electron that has been
accelerated through a potential difference of 500 times 10^6 Volts is 500 Me V/c. 6. Planck used
a quantum hypothesis to explain how the color of a heated object changes with temperature. 7.
The more uncertain a particle\'s position, the more uncertain its momentum. 8. The de Broglie
wavelength of a neutron is smaller than the dc Broglie wavelength of an electron with the same
momentum. 9. For an electron in a square well, the separation between successive energy levels
increases as the energy increases. 10. For an electron in a hydrogen atom, the separation
between successive energy levels increases as the energy increases.
Solution
1) true. It can be explained by time dilation.
2) False. He sees Ed\'s clock run more quickly.
3) true.
4) true.
Explain why the notochord is an evolutionary advacement. (what is a .pdf
Explain why the notochord is an evolutionary advacement. (what is a notochord and why is it
adaptive?)
Solution
A notochord is a primitive beginning to the backbone. It appears in embryos as a small flexible
rod made from cells from the mesoderm, which is one of the three layers of cells of embryos.
Notochords are only found in the phylum chordata, a group of animals that includes humans. In
fact, it is the defining feature of that particular phylum. Notochords, and furthermore backbones,
are what separate us from the more primitive living creatures that we encounter.The notochord is
oriented head to tail and is found between the digestive tube and the nerve cord. Since it is
composed of stiffer tissue, it allows for skeletal support of the organism.
why the notochord is an evolutionary advacement -
In vertebrates, the notochord arises from the dorsal organiser. Originally identified by Spemann
and Mangold in amphibians, the dorsal organiser is a region of a vertebrate gastrulae that, when
transplanted into prospective lateral or ventral regions of a host embryo, induces the formation of
a second embryonic axis, while only contributing to notochord and prechordal mesendoderm . In
amphibians, this region is the dorsal lip of the blastopore. In other species, homologous
structures have been found: the embryonic shield of teleost fish, Hensen\'s node in the chick and
the node of mouse embryos all possess essentially the same activities as Spemann and
Mangold\'s dorsal organiser . The functions and activities of the dorsal organiser are complex.
For this discussion, it is useful to consider the relationship between specification of notochord
fate and dorsal organiser activities. First, however, what are the distinct morphological stages
that the dorsal mesendoderm progresses through on its way to becoming a mature notochord?
The first major transition is from dorsal organiser to chordamesoderm. During early gastrula
stages, the chordamesoderm, which is the direct antecedent of the notochord, becomes
morphologically and molecularly distinct from other mesoderm. Cellular rearrangements
involving the mediolateral intercalation and convergence of cells towards the dorsal midline,
force the chordamesoderm into an elongated stack of cells. Genetic screens in zebrafish have
identified two loci, floating head (flh) andbozozok (dharma – Zebrafish), as being essential for
this transition to occur . As development proceeds, chordamesoderm cells acquire a thick
extracellular sheath and a vacuole. Osmotic pressure within the vacuole acts against the sheath,
gives the notochord its characteristic rod-like appearance, and provides mechanical properties
that are essential for the proper elongation of embryos and for the locomotion of invertebrate
chordates and many vertebrate species. This transition, from chordamesoderm to mature
notochord, requires a host of loci that have been identified in zebrafish genetic screens..
Describe 5 factors that could affect the quality of building and con.pdf
Describe 5 factors that could affect the quality of building and construction projects.
Solution
1)Project Manager Competence:
Extracted success factors attributes mainly on coordinating the ability and rapport of the PM, the
trust imposed in the project team by the delegating authority to project team members, the
technical capability, positive attitude and leadership. A project manager is the key person at the
site who, within a set of guidelines kept in place by the top management, allocates resources and
makes policy decisions at site level. Sometimes mere involvement of a project manager in site
activities can lift the morale of team members and they start working with full zeal and
enthusiasm to achieve the desired quality level.A competent manager organizes resources
through constant persuasion with his or her higher ups; takes active part in construction control
meetings held at site level; acts as a catalyst in training the human resources in the skill
demanded by the project; and he or she makes their people committed to the project through
effective leadership and by acting in non-partisan ways. All these attributes can be thought of
originating from a Project Manager’s competence, hence the name.
2)Top Management Support
Top management support is essential for achieving desired quality mainly on account of four
issues. It is the top management’s prerogative to set all the policy issues (including quality
policy) and control resources. In addition, top management arrange training of human resources
involved in the project and they have a big role to play in identifying the project manager. Top
management support practically becomes the most important of all factors. It can be seen that top
management controls all the key factors and hence their support is highly desired for the quality
compliance.
3)Monitoring and Feedback by Project Participants
Two main attributes emerging in this factor explain the predominant aspects of monitoring and
feedback. Since the other attributes appear as a combination, this factor is named after
Monitoring and Feedback. Proper monitoring and timely feedback help in controlling the
workmanship and they enhance the quality of a project. If each part of the activity of a project is
monitored effectively and instances of poor workmanship and improper usage of resources – be
it material, labor or plant and machinery – are reported promptly, it aids in achieving the desired
quality level. Committed participants would stick to the quality plan and they would follow the
accepted technical practices to carry out the different project activities.
4)Interaction among Project Participants
Any project involves interaction among different project participants. The participants include
the internal participants, such as the contractor’s team members, as well as the external team
members, such as different subcontractors and vendors. Most of the activities require proper
understanding of the needs of the others. Ther.
An anayzer is a device used to a. measure or control flow, temperatur.pdf
An anayzer is a device used to a. measure or control flow, temperature, level, or pressure b.
measure physical and chemical compositions of materials c. send a signal, a controller, recorder,
or indicator d. measure temperature changes in relationship to electrical resistance 2. A process
variable is best described as a. transmitter signal to an analytical controller b. a process
condition that is subject to change c. a variable process condition that is automated so
fluctuations are eliminated d. the lag time in a pneumatic control loop 3. A level measurement
device attached to a vessel that allows an operator to see the correspondinn liquid level is a a.
sight glass gauge C. RTD b. rotameter d. transmitter 4. A thermocouple is a. a wire compoved
of dissimilar metals that are connected at one end b. a resistive temperature detecior used to
measure temperature changes in relationship to electrical resistance c. a device used to measure
physical and chemical compositions d. a device designed to alert operators when a process
variable exceeds established parameters 5. In a process control loop. a(n) can be transmitted
over the longest distance. a. pneumatic signal c. hydraulic signal b. electrical signal d.
pneumatic-electrical signal 6. signals are usually transmitted in milliamperes. a. Pneumatic c.
Hydraulic b. Electrical d. Pneumatic-electrical 7. A DP cell is an example of a. a. controller c.
transducer b. transmitter d. converter 8. A control loop is a. a collection of instruments that
work together to automatically control a process b. an electronic process flow diagram used to
automatically control a process c. an electronic system that controls and monitors process
variables d. a set of devices used to transmit one form of energy into another
Solution
1)B
2)B
3)A
4)A
5)B
6)D
7)B
8)C.
Can someone explain why the correct answer is D and while the other .pdf
Can someone explain why the correct answer is D and while the other answers are wrong please.
F. Bossuyt, M. C. Milinkovitch. Amphibians as indicators of early tertiary \"out-of-India\"
dispersal of vertebrates. Science 292, 93 (2001) This tree depicts inferred relationships among
some major frog groups with branches drawn proportional to absolute time. Error bars on
internal nodes depict confidence intervals on the dates of estimated nodes. Assuming this tree
and the associated ages are correct which of the following statements is true? No individual
living before 70 million years ago is an ancestor of Raninae Raninae and Dicroglossinae shared
a common ancestor about 75 million years ago The divergence of Raninae and Nyctibatrachinae
occurred more recently than the 85 million year old separation of India from Madagascar The
last common ancestor of Micrixalinae and Dicroglossinae lived before India and Madagascar
separated (85 million years ago)
Solution
The separation of the Madagascar and India-Seychelles landmasses was initiated by a mantle
plume generating large quantities of basaltic magma that quickly formed an obstacle for faunal
interchange.
Rhacophorine tree frogs, which radiated almost exclusively in the Oriental realm into about 300
species dispersed out of India. The only African rhacophorine genus (Chiromantis, not included
in our analyses) was shown to be nested well within this Asian clade, so it must have reached
Africa over land. Raninae (including the genus Rana) currently have a cosmopolitan distribution
(except for southern South America and most of Australia). These analyses indicate lineage
originated on the drifting insular block and radiated into more than 200 species, probably after its
“out-of-India” dispersal . Consistent with this scenario, the earliest known European fossils of
the genus Rana are only of Oligocene age (24 to 34 Ma), whereas much older fossils would
likely have been found if the lineage originated in Africa or Eurasia. The Dicroglossinae form a
third out-of-India lineage. They experienced their main radiation on Asia, and only a limited
number of members (e.g., Hoplobatrachus) reached Africa.
Because various lineages of ranid frogs originated between 130 and 88 Ma, it is likely that
several of them were present on Madagascar when it broke up from the IndiaSeychelles
landmass. Although fossils of ranids have not been found from the Latest Cretaceous of
Madagascar, the importance of this negative evidence is difficult to evaluate given that the
Madagascan fossil frog record from that period is extremely poor and is restricted to a
northwestern site of the island.This divergencetime analyses here indicate that Mantellinae
experienced their initial radiation on Madagascar around the K-T boundary. Madagascan
representatives of other lineages experienced either competitive take-overs or, more probably,
extinction or opportunistic replacements associated with global or local crises. The absence of
extant .
At what layer of the OSI model would you find framingA. Transport.pdf
At what layer of the OSI model would you find framing?
A. Transport
B. Network
C. Data Link
D. Physical
Solution
C is correct. The Data Link layer is responsible for encapsulation, framing, media access, and
physical addressing.
A, B, and D are incorrect. A is incorrect because the Transport layer is responsible for
segmentation, flow control, and reliable end-to-end data delivery. B is incorrect because the
Network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing. D is incorrect because the
Physical layer is responsible for encoding bits onto the media..
You get a call from a home computer user saying her computer is very.pdf
You get a call from a home computer user saying her computer is very slow today and both the
NIC status light on the computer and the Internet status light on her DSL modem have been
extremely active. What do you suspect?
A. Her computer has been compromised and is being used as a zombie.
B. She is sending an excessive number of e-mails to friends and family.
C. Her computer is infected with a dialer.
D. Her computer is being subjected to a phishing attack.
Solution
A. It’s likely that her computer has been compromised by a rootkit or other malware that is using
the computer as a “zombie,” which is a computer that is part of a large collection of
compromised computers being used as spam relays or as part of a distributed denial-of-service
(DDoS) attack on a host on the Internet..
Trace the path the red blood cell would take as it travels between t.pdf
Trace the path the red blood cell would take as it travels between the right pollex to the left
ankle. Include all chambers, valves, and vessels. You can use arrows between structures.
Solution
The blood starts with
Digital veins----> Cephalic vein-----> Right and left brachiocephalic veins----> Superior vena
cava----> Right atrium of the heart----->Right ventricle of the heart-----> pulmonary artery----->
pulmonary arterioles-----> pulmonary capillaries----> pulmonary venules----> pulmonary vein---
-->Left atrium of the heart----> Left ventricle of the heart---->aorta
----> Common iliac artery----> External iliac artery----> Femoral artery----> popliteal artery---->
Anterior tibial artery.
Which of the following represents a difference between viruses and vi.pdf
Which of the following represents a difference between viruses and viroids? Viruses infect
many types of cells whereas viroids infect only prokaryotic cells. Viruses have capsids
composed of protein, whereas viroids have no capsids. Viruses contain introns; viroids have
only exons. Viruses always have genomes composed of DNA, whereas viroids always have
genomes composed of RNA. Viruses cannot pass through plasmodesmata, viroids can. What is
the primary role of prokaryotes? parasitizing eukaryotes, thus causing diseases. breaking down
organic matter. metabolizing materials in extreme environments. adding methane to the
atmosphere. serving as primary producers in terrestrial environments. SARS is associated with
what form of virus? Hantavirus. Filovirus. Coronavirus. Influenza Adenovirus An infectious
material is isolated from a nerve cell. It contains protein with Amino acid sequences identical to
the host protein but no nucleic acids. It belongs to the group Archaea. Prions Toxin producers
Viroids Sporoformers
Solution
47) B)Viruses have capsids composed of proteins while viroids don\'t have this protein coat or
capsid.
Both viruses and viroids can infect many cells, Viruses have exons, genome of viruses are
composed of DNA and Rna both.
48) B) Primary role of prokaryotes is breaking down organic matter. Prokaryotes like bacteria
and cyanobacteria, break down the complex organic matter to utilize energy from them into
smaller particles.
49) C SARS is associated with coronavirus. Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory
and gastrointestinal tract in birds and mammals.
50) B Prions.Prions are infectious agents having only proteins but no nucleic acid and can cause
neurodegenerative diseases in mammals.
What is Impact Factor Derive a relationship between static and Dynam.pdf
What is Impact Factor? Derive a relationship between static and Dynamic Deflection (delta and
delta st) and Equaivalent Static Force (Fe) and static loading due to weight of part (W) in a
member subjected to tensile loading.
Solution
The impact factor (IF) of an academic journal is a measure reflecting the average number of
citations to recent articles published in that journal. It is frequently used as a proxy for the
relative importance of a journal within its field, with journals with higher impact factors deemed
to be more important than those with lower ones. The impact factor was devised by Eugene
Garfield, the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information. Impact factors are calculated
yearly starting from 1975 for those journals that are indexed in the Journal Citation Reports..
What happens when a non-native species (plant or animal) is introduc.pdf
What happens when a non-native species (plant or animal) is introduced into a new
environment? Give ONE example and thoroughly explain, citing references.
Solution
Answer= The relocation of organisms across geological boundries occurs naturally by various
means
Some species may be introduced & not be able to survive in new environment & their
populations sour
e.g. lack of predators may contribute to their rapid population increases
Introduced species have pronouced effects on their new ecosystem called as invasive species
these effects includes
1] outcompeting native species
2] causing native species extinction
3] Altering ecosystem functioning
Example- Brown snake tree(Boiga irregularis ) is an invasive that has tought scientist much
about impact of introduced species on islands
The ivvasion has created significant ecological problems
It is an aggressive predator
causing extinction of local species
has impact on human health
Citing reference.
What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing What are th.pdf
What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing ?
What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing ?
Solution
Manufacturing at the nanoscale is known as nanomanufacturing. Nanomanufacturing involves
scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices,
and systems. It also includes research, development, and integration of top-down processes and
increasingly complex bottom-up or self-assembly processes.
In more simple terms, nanomanufacturing leads to the production of improved materials and new
products. As mentioned above, there are two basic approaches to nanomanufacturing, either top-
down or bottom-up. Top-down fabrication reduces large pieces of materials all the way down to
the nanoscale, like someone carving a model airplane out of a block of wood. This approach
requires larger amounts of materials and can lead to waste if excess material is discarded. The
bottom-up approach to nanomanufacturing creates products by building them up from atomic-
and molecular-scale components, which can be time-consuming. Scientists are exploring the
concept of placing certain molecular-scale components together that will spontaneously “self-
assemble,” from the bottom up into ordered structures.
Within the top-down and bottom-up categories of nanomanufacturing, there are a growing
number of new processes (techniques) that enable nanomanufacturing. Among these are:.
What is the definition of hybrid system Could you give an example o.pdf
What is the definition of hybrid system? Could you give an example of one?
Solution
A Hybrid System is determined as an environment be of both Electronic and Paper-based
Records. A very frequent example of a Hybrid System is one in which the system user devolep
an electronic record using a computer-based system and then is necessitate to sign that record as
per the affirm Rules. So the system does not have an electronic signature option, so the user has
to print out the report and sign the paper copy. Now he has an electronic record and a paper or
handwritten signature. The system has an electronic and a paper component, so by this the term
come as hybrid..
Using the phylogeny shown, which of the following is a shared derived.pdf
Using the phylogeny shown, which of the following is a shared derived character for the
leopard? A. Hair B. Four walking legs C. Vertebral column D. Hinged jaws E. Amnion
Solution
A derived character is an advanced trait that only apperas in some members os an evolunary
group. For example derived character is the loss of tail, a trait that first appered in an ancestor of
apes and man.
From the above question, \"E\".Aminion. is the derived character..
The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to _ and returns blo.pdf
The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to _ and returns blood to the body organs right
atrium lungs right atrium D body organs, left atrium All of vessel names below refer to both an
artery and a vein except the femoral. gonadal axillary. basilica. The common iliac artery
branches off of the inferior vena cava. abdominal aorta. thoracic aorta. celiac trunk. pulmonary
trunk. After entering arm, the artery becomes the axillary radial artery. ulnar brachial subclavian
the vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the medial side of the forearm. radial ulnar
cephalic basilica brachial
Solution
4]
The systematic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to body organ and returns blood to the right
atrium
Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the
capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns
through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart
5]
All of the vessel name below refer to both an artery and vein except basilic
6]
The common iliac artery branches off of the celiac trunk
7]
After entering the arm the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery
8]
The basilic vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the medial side of the forearm
Basilic is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of the hand and forearm.
Categories. Use the .05 significance levelWhat is the null hypothe.pdf
Categories. Use the .05 significance level
What is the null hypothesis?
1.) m1=m2
2.) m2=m3
3.) m1=m3
4.) m1=m2=m3
Solution
The null hypothesis for any one-way anova will be
OPTION 4: u1 = u2 = u3 [ANSWER]
******************
It is more appropriate to use u (mu) instead of m because m will be a sample mean, but we
always involve population means in null hypotheses. Anyway, it is still option 4..
Assume that a new type called POINT has been defined- it is a structu.pdf
Assume that a new type called POINT has been defined- it is a structure consisting of two fields,
x and y, both of type double. Assume two variables p1 and p2 of type POINT have been
declared. Assume that p1 has already been initialized. Write a statement that gives p2 the same
value that p1 has.
Solution
struct Point
{
double x;
double y;
}
int main()
{
struct Point p1;
struct Point p2;
p1.x=1.0;
p1.y=2.0;
p2=p1;
return 0;
}.
4. Jaster Jets has $10 billion in total assets. Its balance sheet s.pdf
4. Jaster Jets has $10 billion in total \'assets. Its balance sheet shows $1 billion in current
liabilities, $3 billion in long-term debt, and $6 billion in common equity. It has 800 million
shares of common stock outstanding, and its stock price is $32 per share. What is Taster\'s
market/book ratio?
Solution
Market value of shares:
= 800 million×$32
= $25,600 million
Book value of equity:
= $10,000 million-$1,000 million-$3,000 million
= $6,000 million
Market to book ratio:
= $25,600 million/$6,000 million
= 4.27 times.
58,59,60 Where is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abun.pdf
58,59,60 Where is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abundant? brain. liver.
heart. lungs. skin. What is the function of the tonoplast? A Provides channels for maintaining
fluid balance Protein synthesis Photosynthesis Cell division Storage of genetic information
Which is involved in crawling, \"pinching\' extensions? Microtubules. Intermediates. Actin.
None of the above. All of the above.
Solution
58.Where is Smooth Enddoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abundant?
ANS-B. Liver
(abundant in mamalian liver and gonads cells)
59.What is the function of the tonoplast?
ANS- A.Provides channels for maintaining fluid balance
(tonoplast is a stretchy membrane and it function to separate the fluid filled vacuole from
surrrounding cytoplasm.water flowing in and out of the vacuole is regulated by tonoplast)
60.Which is involved in crawling \"pinching\" extensions?
ANS-C. Actin
(microfilaments or actin is responsible for cellular movements such as
contraction,crawling,\"pinching\" during division,and formation of cellular extension).
A population of rodents contained 703 individuals at the end of Ma.pdf
A population of rodents contained 703 individuals at the end of March. During the month of
April, 47 died, 17 were born, 57 immigrated, and 16 emigrated. What was the population size
after those events? Is the population growing or shrinking? By what population rate?
A population of rodents contained 703 individuals at the end of March. During the month of
April, 47 died, 17 were born, 57 immigrated, and 16 emigrated. What was the population size
after those events? Is the population growing or shrinking? By what population rate?
Solution
Answer) We have an initial population size (N) = 703 individuals
the number of total births (b) = 17 and deaths (d) = 47
the number of total emigration (e) = 16 and the immigration (i) = 57
so, the new population size will be calculated as N\' = N + (b+i) - (d+e)
= 703 + (17+57) - (47+16) = 703+11 = 714
yes, this population is growing.
now, the population growth rate will be = N\' - N / N x 100 per unit time
= 714-703/703 x 100 per month
= 11/703 x 100 per month
= 1.56 % per month.
hence, the population growth rate for the given rodent population is 1.56% per month..
4. What are “releasing hormones” …”inhibiting hormones” where do t.pdf
4. What are “releasing hormones”? …”inhibiting hormones”? where do they come from and
what is the primary target? Which hormones have releasing hormones and what do they have in
common? (3-4 sentences)
Solution
Releasing hormones: These are hormones which regulate other hormones for their secretion from
their respective glands. For example thyrotropin-releasing hormone which release thyroid-
stimulating hormone.
Inhibiting hormones: These are basically those hormones which have function for inhibiting
other hormones production. For example melanocyte Inhibiting hormone secret from
hypothalamus and inhibits melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
These hormones are secreted from majorly hypothalamus but also secreted by adrenal cortex,
myocytes and cerebral cortex.
Major releasing hormones:
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), growth hormone releasing hormone (GnRH),,
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GHRH),: these are basically secreted by hypothalamus and
help to release hormones from pituitary..
Some parents refuse to have children vaccinated. Should these par.pdf
Some parents refuse to have children vaccinated. Should these parents be forced to vaccinate
their children in order to protect the rest of society against the reemergence of diseases such
polio, measles, or smallpox?
Some parents refuse to have children vaccinated. Should these parents be forced to vaccinate
their children in order to protect the rest of society against the reemergence of diseases such
polio, measles, or smallpox?
Solution
The main reasons parents refuse to have children vaccinated is due to the belief that such
illnesses as polio and measles have been eradicated or aren\'t serious and that vaccines cause
autism or have side effects. They feel that children receiving too many vaccinations at once,
preservatives in vaccines are dangerous.
For children who are fully vaccinated and over six months of age, these vaccines provide lost
lasting immunity for their rest of life. The parents should know the importance of their children
being vaccinated and this would have a long lasting immunity which would protect their children
from these deadly diseases..
please helpViruses are classified into which one of the three Doma.pdf
please help
Viruses are classified into which one of the three Domains?
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Viruses are not considered to be members of any of the domains.
Which statement is true of the comparison of diffusion and osmosis?
Diffusion involves liquids or gasses, where osmosis only relates to gasses.
Diffusion must always be facilitated, it will not occur passively.
Osmosis relates to molecules that are too big to pass through the cell membrane by themselves.
Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that involves water movement across a membrane.
What is assumed to be the advantage of the long, folded inner membrane of the mitochondria?
What do the folds of the inner membrane do to make the mitochondrion more efficient?
cool off the cell\'s interior
allow for a place to store the mitochondrial DNA
increased surface area for reactions
None of these are correct regarding the folded inner membrane of mitochondria.
Which structures within a cell are responsible for making the ATP molecules used for cellular
energy?
rough ER
smooth ER
lysosomes
mitochondria
Given that a cell\'s structure reflects its function, what do you predict would be the function of an
animal cell with a very large amount of Golgi apparatus inside of it?
movement within the animal using cilia and flagella
cell growth and division management
secretion of lipids for use in insulating tissue
storage of pigmentation molecules
The cellular cytoskeleton of eukaryotes contains which of these types of protein fibers?
microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments (actin filaments)
All of these types of fibers are involved in the cytoskeleton.
How is an individual cell identified by the organism in which it lives (assuming we are talking
about a multicellular organism)? How does a cell show itself as \"friendly\" to the immune
system in humans, for example?
the size and particular shape of the cell determine it\'s identity
the types of phospholipids in the bilayer determines the cell\'s identity
carbohydrate and protein pieces in and on the cell membrane identify the cell
All of these are correct in determining the cell\'s identity.
What is the term for the model used by biologists to describe the various proteins, carbohydrates,
and other molecules that make up the cell membrane, and their structure and function?
the gel electrophoresis model
the fluid mosaic model
the egg cell model
the triphosphate model
The Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann was very important in establishing that...
all living things are always composed of multiple cells, some of which are living and most of
which are non-living.
cells are part of a continuous membrane system, and are not individual living entities.
all living things are composed of at least one living cell.
DNA is a double helix in shape and is directly related to heredity and genetic traits.
The Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann was very important in establishing that...
all living things are always composed of multiple cells, some of.
1) Why does a fetal pig have anything in its intestine2) Are ther.pdf
1) Why does a fetal pig have anything in its intestine?
2) Are there any differences between the thyroid gland, thymus gland, and spleen in a male and
female pig? Breifly explain.
3) Do all members of the animal kingdom have a coelom? What is a coelom?
4) Is there a cause to the color of a fetal pigs intestines? Explain.
Solution
1). Fetal pig is used to study anatomy and physiology because it seems like similar to the
mamalian. gastrointestinal system of the fetal pig contain simliar structure as like mamalian. it
containing osephagous, stomuch, large intenstine.mesentries serve to connect the oragn. it gains
much needed nutrition from the mother by ambelical codes. other organ developing during fetal
development such as pancreas, gall blader, spleen are contributing in digestive system because it
eill produce digestive enzymes. so after digestion the solid waste remain inside in intenstine
though it will exerted which will sent back to the mother by embelical codes.
2.
Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is prresent around the trachea, nearer to the larynx. Left and right thyroid
glands are joined ventrally in pigs. The thyroid glands receive an abundant supply of blood from
which they are able to uptake iodine. Iodine is used for the synthesis of hormones which contain
three or four iodine moles or atom, triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine. Thyroid hormones
regulate metabolism and heat genaration in the body. few cells in the thyroid also produce the
calcitonin (Hormones)
Thymus gland
The thymus is a big gland, is located fronter to the heart and lateral extensions into the neck. The
thymus gland is made of lymphoidal tissue and has a important immunological function in
animals. The animal\'s immune system with which it protect itself against inactivating
microorganisms. there is significant difference between male and female thymus gland.
male thymus gland shows the secondary lobulation while female thymus glands shows the
simple lobules.
interlabulor septue were thin andshows less vascular in male pig as comare to them female pig
showed thick and highly vascular property.
medulla of the lobules shoews the hassels corpuscles in male pig. medulla shows isolated island
in the lobules in female pig.
medulla occpy larger area in male pif as compare to female pig.
no difference is shown in spleen of male pif and female pig.
3.Most of the animal kingdome has coelom. coelom mens hollow cavity, infect it the main cavity
shown in most animal and it is present inside in the body to surround and it contain digestive
part. it lines with mesodermal epithelium.
4.The colour of intenstine is slightly puple. it is due to the presence of mesnteries. mesenteries
are couple of transperant sheets with the petrineoum that suspended and support mechanical
strength to the visceral part of organ.purplish colour of the mesnteries is due to the
vascularization which include both veins and artery..
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Presentation required for the master in Education.
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students mobility to the Czech Republic within eTwinning project "Medieval adventures with Marco Polo"
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Can someone explain why the correct answer is D and while the other .pdf
Can someone explain why the correct answer is D and while the other answers are wrong please.
F. Bossuyt, M. C. Milinkovitch. Amphibians as indicators of early tertiary \"out-of-India\"
dispersal of vertebrates. Science 292, 93 (2001) This tree depicts inferred relationships among
some major frog groups with branches drawn proportional to absolute time. Error bars on
internal nodes depict confidence intervals on the dates of estimated nodes. Assuming this tree
and the associated ages are correct which of the following statements is true? No individual
living before 70 million years ago is an ancestor of Raninae Raninae and Dicroglossinae shared
a common ancestor about 75 million years ago The divergence of Raninae and Nyctibatrachinae
occurred more recently than the 85 million year old separation of India from Madagascar The
last common ancestor of Micrixalinae and Dicroglossinae lived before India and Madagascar
separated (85 million years ago)
Solution
The separation of the Madagascar and India-Seychelles landmasses was initiated by a mantle
plume generating large quantities of basaltic magma that quickly formed an obstacle for faunal
interchange.
Rhacophorine tree frogs, which radiated almost exclusively in the Oriental realm into about 300
species dispersed out of India. The only African rhacophorine genus (Chiromantis, not included
in our analyses) was shown to be nested well within this Asian clade, so it must have reached
Africa over land. Raninae (including the genus Rana) currently have a cosmopolitan distribution
(except for southern South America and most of Australia). These analyses indicate lineage
originated on the drifting insular block and radiated into more than 200 species, probably after its
“out-of-India” dispersal . Consistent with this scenario, the earliest known European fossils of
the genus Rana are only of Oligocene age (24 to 34 Ma), whereas much older fossils would
likely have been found if the lineage originated in Africa or Eurasia. The Dicroglossinae form a
third out-of-India lineage. They experienced their main radiation on Asia, and only a limited
number of members (e.g., Hoplobatrachus) reached Africa.
Because various lineages of ranid frogs originated between 130 and 88 Ma, it is likely that
several of them were present on Madagascar when it broke up from the IndiaSeychelles
landmass. Although fossils of ranids have not been found from the Latest Cretaceous of
Madagascar, the importance of this negative evidence is difficult to evaluate given that the
Madagascan fossil frog record from that period is extremely poor and is restricted to a
northwestern site of the island.This divergencetime analyses here indicate that Mantellinae
experienced their initial radiation on Madagascar around the K-T boundary. Madagascan
representatives of other lineages experienced either competitive take-overs or, more probably,
extinction or opportunistic replacements associated with global or local crises. The absence of
extant .
At what layer of the OSI model would you find framingA. Transport.pdf
At what layer of the OSI model would you find framing?
A. Transport
B. Network
C. Data Link
D. Physical
Solution
C is correct. The Data Link layer is responsible for encapsulation, framing, media access, and
physical addressing.
A, B, and D are incorrect. A is incorrect because the Transport layer is responsible for
segmentation, flow control, and reliable end-to-end data delivery. B is incorrect because the
Network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing. D is incorrect because the
Physical layer is responsible for encoding bits onto the media..
You get a call from a home computer user saying her computer is very.pdf
You get a call from a home computer user saying her computer is very slow today and both the
NIC status light on the computer and the Internet status light on her DSL modem have been
extremely active. What do you suspect?
A. Her computer has been compromised and is being used as a zombie.
B. She is sending an excessive number of e-mails to friends and family.
C. Her computer is infected with a dialer.
D. Her computer is being subjected to a phishing attack.
Solution
A. It’s likely that her computer has been compromised by a rootkit or other malware that is using
the computer as a “zombie,” which is a computer that is part of a large collection of
compromised computers being used as spam relays or as part of a distributed denial-of-service
(DDoS) attack on a host on the Internet..
Trace the path the red blood cell would take as it travels between t.pdf
Trace the path the red blood cell would take as it travels between the right pollex to the left
ankle. Include all chambers, valves, and vessels. You can use arrows between structures.
Solution
The blood starts with
Digital veins----> Cephalic vein-----> Right and left brachiocephalic veins----> Superior vena
cava----> Right atrium of the heart----->Right ventricle of the heart-----> pulmonary artery----->
pulmonary arterioles-----> pulmonary capillaries----> pulmonary venules----> pulmonary vein---
-->Left atrium of the heart----> Left ventricle of the heart---->aorta
----> Common iliac artery----> External iliac artery----> Femoral artery----> popliteal artery---->
Anterior tibial artery.
Which of the following represents a difference between viruses and vi.pdf
Which of the following represents a difference between viruses and viroids? Viruses infect
many types of cells whereas viroids infect only prokaryotic cells. Viruses have capsids
composed of protein, whereas viroids have no capsids. Viruses contain introns; viroids have
only exons. Viruses always have genomes composed of DNA, whereas viroids always have
genomes composed of RNA. Viruses cannot pass through plasmodesmata, viroids can. What is
the primary role of prokaryotes? parasitizing eukaryotes, thus causing diseases. breaking down
organic matter. metabolizing materials in extreme environments. adding methane to the
atmosphere. serving as primary producers in terrestrial environments. SARS is associated with
what form of virus? Hantavirus. Filovirus. Coronavirus. Influenza Adenovirus An infectious
material is isolated from a nerve cell. It contains protein with Amino acid sequences identical to
the host protein but no nucleic acids. It belongs to the group Archaea. Prions Toxin producers
Viroids Sporoformers
Solution
47) B)Viruses have capsids composed of proteins while viroids don\'t have this protein coat or
capsid.
Both viruses and viroids can infect many cells, Viruses have exons, genome of viruses are
composed of DNA and Rna both.
48) B) Primary role of prokaryotes is breaking down organic matter. Prokaryotes like bacteria
and cyanobacteria, break down the complex organic matter to utilize energy from them into
smaller particles.
49) C SARS is associated with coronavirus. Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory
and gastrointestinal tract in birds and mammals.
50) B Prions.Prions are infectious agents having only proteins but no nucleic acid and can cause
neurodegenerative diseases in mammals.
What is Impact Factor Derive a relationship between static and Dynam.pdf
What is Impact Factor? Derive a relationship between static and Dynamic Deflection (delta and
delta st) and Equaivalent Static Force (Fe) and static loading due to weight of part (W) in a
member subjected to tensile loading.
Solution
The impact factor (IF) of an academic journal is a measure reflecting the average number of
citations to recent articles published in that journal. It is frequently used as a proxy for the
relative importance of a journal within its field, with journals with higher impact factors deemed
to be more important than those with lower ones. The impact factor was devised by Eugene
Garfield, the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information. Impact factors are calculated
yearly starting from 1975 for those journals that are indexed in the Journal Citation Reports..
What happens when a non-native species (plant or animal) is introduc.pdf
What happens when a non-native species (plant or animal) is introduced into a new
environment? Give ONE example and thoroughly explain, citing references.
Solution
Answer= The relocation of organisms across geological boundries occurs naturally by various
means
Some species may be introduced & not be able to survive in new environment & their
populations sour
e.g. lack of predators may contribute to their rapid population increases
Introduced species have pronouced effects on their new ecosystem called as invasive species
these effects includes
1] outcompeting native species
2] causing native species extinction
3] Altering ecosystem functioning
Example- Brown snake tree(Boiga irregularis ) is an invasive that has tought scientist much
about impact of introduced species on islands
The ivvasion has created significant ecological problems
It is an aggressive predator
causing extinction of local species
has impact on human health
Citing reference.
What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing What are th.pdf
What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing ?
What are the techniques used in nanomanifacturing ?
Solution
Manufacturing at the nanoscale is known as nanomanufacturing. Nanomanufacturing involves
scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices,
and systems. It also includes research, development, and integration of top-down processes and
increasingly complex bottom-up or self-assembly processes.
In more simple terms, nanomanufacturing leads to the production of improved materials and new
products. As mentioned above, there are two basic approaches to nanomanufacturing, either top-
down or bottom-up. Top-down fabrication reduces large pieces of materials all the way down to
the nanoscale, like someone carving a model airplane out of a block of wood. This approach
requires larger amounts of materials and can lead to waste if excess material is discarded. The
bottom-up approach to nanomanufacturing creates products by building them up from atomic-
and molecular-scale components, which can be time-consuming. Scientists are exploring the
concept of placing certain molecular-scale components together that will spontaneously “self-
assemble,” from the bottom up into ordered structures.
Within the top-down and bottom-up categories of nanomanufacturing, there are a growing
number of new processes (techniques) that enable nanomanufacturing. Among these are:.
What is the definition of hybrid system Could you give an example o.pdf
What is the definition of hybrid system? Could you give an example of one?
Solution
A Hybrid System is determined as an environment be of both Electronic and Paper-based
Records. A very frequent example of a Hybrid System is one in which the system user devolep
an electronic record using a computer-based system and then is necessitate to sign that record as
per the affirm Rules. So the system does not have an electronic signature option, so the user has
to print out the report and sign the paper copy. Now he has an electronic record and a paper or
handwritten signature. The system has an electronic and a paper component, so by this the term
come as hybrid..
Using the phylogeny shown, which of the following is a shared derived.pdf
Using the phylogeny shown, which of the following is a shared derived character for the
leopard? A. Hair B. Four walking legs C. Vertebral column D. Hinged jaws E. Amnion
Solution
A derived character is an advanced trait that only apperas in some members os an evolunary
group. For example derived character is the loss of tail, a trait that first appered in an ancestor of
apes and man.
From the above question, \"E\".Aminion. is the derived character..
The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to _ and returns blo.pdf
The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to _ and returns blood to the body organs right
atrium lungs right atrium D body organs, left atrium All of vessel names below refer to both an
artery and a vein except the femoral. gonadal axillary. basilica. The common iliac artery
branches off of the inferior vena cava. abdominal aorta. thoracic aorta. celiac trunk. pulmonary
trunk. After entering arm, the artery becomes the axillary radial artery. ulnar brachial subclavian
the vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the medial side of the forearm. radial ulnar
cephalic basilica brachial
Solution
4]
The systematic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to body organ and returns blood to the right
atrium
Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the
capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns
through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart
5]
All of the vessel name below refer to both an artery and vein except basilic
6]
The common iliac artery branches off of the celiac trunk
7]
After entering the arm the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery
8]
The basilic vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the medial side of the forearm
Basilic is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of the hand and forearm.
Categories. Use the .05 significance levelWhat is the null hypothe.pdf
Categories. Use the .05 significance level
What is the null hypothesis?
1.) m1=m2
2.) m2=m3
3.) m1=m3
4.) m1=m2=m3
Solution
The null hypothesis for any one-way anova will be
OPTION 4: u1 = u2 = u3 [ANSWER]
******************
It is more appropriate to use u (mu) instead of m because m will be a sample mean, but we
always involve population means in null hypotheses. Anyway, it is still option 4..
Assume that a new type called POINT has been defined- it is a structu.pdf
Assume that a new type called POINT has been defined- it is a structure consisting of two fields,
x and y, both of type double. Assume two variables p1 and p2 of type POINT have been
declared. Assume that p1 has already been initialized. Write a statement that gives p2 the same
value that p1 has.
Solution
struct Point
{
double x;
double y;
}
int main()
{
struct Point p1;
struct Point p2;
p1.x=1.0;
p1.y=2.0;
p2=p1;
return 0;
}.
4. Jaster Jets has $10 billion in total assets. Its balance sheet s.pdf
4. Jaster Jets has $10 billion in total \'assets. Its balance sheet shows $1 billion in current
liabilities, $3 billion in long-term debt, and $6 billion in common equity. It has 800 million
shares of common stock outstanding, and its stock price is $32 per share. What is Taster\'s
market/book ratio?
Solution
Market value of shares:
= 800 million×$32
= $25,600 million
Book value of equity:
= $10,000 million-$1,000 million-$3,000 million
= $6,000 million
Market to book ratio:
= $25,600 million/$6,000 million
= 4.27 times.
58,59,60 Where is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abun.pdf
58,59,60 Where is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abundant? brain. liver.
heart. lungs. skin. What is the function of the tonoplast? A Provides channels for maintaining
fluid balance Protein synthesis Photosynthesis Cell division Storage of genetic information
Which is involved in crawling, \"pinching\' extensions? Microtubules. Intermediates. Actin.
None of the above. All of the above.
Solution
58.Where is Smooth Enddoplasmic reticulum (SER) especially abundant?
ANS-B. Liver
(abundant in mamalian liver and gonads cells)
59.What is the function of the tonoplast?
ANS- A.Provides channels for maintaining fluid balance
(tonoplast is a stretchy membrane and it function to separate the fluid filled vacuole from
surrrounding cytoplasm.water flowing in and out of the vacuole is regulated by tonoplast)
60.Which is involved in crawling \"pinching\" extensions?
ANS-C. Actin
(microfilaments or actin is responsible for cellular movements such as
contraction,crawling,\"pinching\" during division,and formation of cellular extension).
A population of rodents contained 703 individuals at the end of Ma.pdf
A population of rodents contained 703 individuals at the end of March. During the month of
April, 47 died, 17 were born, 57 immigrated, and 16 emigrated. What was the population size
after those events? Is the population growing or shrinking? By what population rate?
A population of rodents contained 703 individuals at the end of March. During the month of
April, 47 died, 17 were born, 57 immigrated, and 16 emigrated. What was the population size
after those events? Is the population growing or shrinking? By what population rate?
Solution
Answer) We have an initial population size (N) = 703 individuals
the number of total births (b) = 17 and deaths (d) = 47
the number of total emigration (e) = 16 and the immigration (i) = 57
so, the new population size will be calculated as N\' = N + (b+i) - (d+e)
= 703 + (17+57) - (47+16) = 703+11 = 714
yes, this population is growing.
now, the population growth rate will be = N\' - N / N x 100 per unit time
= 714-703/703 x 100 per month
= 11/703 x 100 per month
= 1.56 % per month.
hence, the population growth rate for the given rodent population is 1.56% per month..
4. What are “releasing hormones” …”inhibiting hormones” where do t.pdf
4. What are “releasing hormones”? …”inhibiting hormones”? where do they come from and
what is the primary target? Which hormones have releasing hormones and what do they have in
common? (3-4 sentences)
Solution
Releasing hormones: These are hormones which regulate other hormones for their secretion from
their respective glands. For example thyrotropin-releasing hormone which release thyroid-
stimulating hormone.
Inhibiting hormones: These are basically those hormones which have function for inhibiting
other hormones production. For example melanocyte Inhibiting hormone secret from
hypothalamus and inhibits melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
These hormones are secreted from majorly hypothalamus but also secreted by adrenal cortex,
myocytes and cerebral cortex.
Major releasing hormones:
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), growth hormone releasing hormone (GnRH),,
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GHRH),: these are basically secreted by hypothalamus and
help to release hormones from pituitary..
Some parents refuse to have children vaccinated. Should these par.pdf
Some parents refuse to have children vaccinated. Should these parents be forced to vaccinate
their children in order to protect the rest of society against the reemergence of diseases such
polio, measles, or smallpox?
Some parents refuse to have children vaccinated. Should these parents be forced to vaccinate
their children in order to protect the rest of society against the reemergence of diseases such
polio, measles, or smallpox?
Solution
The main reasons parents refuse to have children vaccinated is due to the belief that such
illnesses as polio and measles have been eradicated or aren\'t serious and that vaccines cause
autism or have side effects. They feel that children receiving too many vaccinations at once,
preservatives in vaccines are dangerous.
For children who are fully vaccinated and over six months of age, these vaccines provide lost
lasting immunity for their rest of life. The parents should know the importance of their children
being vaccinated and this would have a long lasting immunity which would protect their children
from these deadly diseases..
please helpViruses are classified into which one of the three Doma.pdf
please help
Viruses are classified into which one of the three Domains?
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Viruses are not considered to be members of any of the domains.
Which statement is true of the comparison of diffusion and osmosis?
Diffusion involves liquids or gasses, where osmosis only relates to gasses.
Diffusion must always be facilitated, it will not occur passively.
Osmosis relates to molecules that are too big to pass through the cell membrane by themselves.
Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that involves water movement across a membrane.
What is assumed to be the advantage of the long, folded inner membrane of the mitochondria?
What do the folds of the inner membrane do to make the mitochondrion more efficient?
cool off the cell\'s interior
allow for a place to store the mitochondrial DNA
increased surface area for reactions
None of these are correct regarding the folded inner membrane of mitochondria.
Which structures within a cell are responsible for making the ATP molecules used for cellular
energy?
rough ER
smooth ER
lysosomes
mitochondria
Given that a cell\'s structure reflects its function, what do you predict would be the function of an
animal cell with a very large amount of Golgi apparatus inside of it?
movement within the animal using cilia and flagella
cell growth and division management
secretion of lipids for use in insulating tissue
storage of pigmentation molecules
The cellular cytoskeleton of eukaryotes contains which of these types of protein fibers?
microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments (actin filaments)
All of these types of fibers are involved in the cytoskeleton.
How is an individual cell identified by the organism in which it lives (assuming we are talking
about a multicellular organism)? How does a cell show itself as \"friendly\" to the immune
system in humans, for example?
the size and particular shape of the cell determine it\'s identity
the types of phospholipids in the bilayer determines the cell\'s identity
carbohydrate and protein pieces in and on the cell membrane identify the cell
All of these are correct in determining the cell\'s identity.
What is the term for the model used by biologists to describe the various proteins, carbohydrates,
and other molecules that make up the cell membrane, and their structure and function?
the gel electrophoresis model
the fluid mosaic model
the egg cell model
the triphosphate model
The Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann was very important in establishing that...
all living things are always composed of multiple cells, some of which are living and most of
which are non-living.
cells are part of a continuous membrane system, and are not individual living entities.
all living things are composed of at least one living cell.
DNA is a double helix in shape and is directly related to heredity and genetic traits.
The Cell Theory of Schleiden and Schwann was very important in establishing that...
all living things are always composed of multiple cells, some of.
1) Why does a fetal pig have anything in its intestine2) Are ther.pdf
1) Why does a fetal pig have anything in its intestine?
2) Are there any differences between the thyroid gland, thymus gland, and spleen in a male and
female pig? Breifly explain.
3) Do all members of the animal kingdom have a coelom? What is a coelom?
4) Is there a cause to the color of a fetal pigs intestines? Explain.
Solution
1). Fetal pig is used to study anatomy and physiology because it seems like similar to the
mamalian. gastrointestinal system of the fetal pig contain simliar structure as like mamalian. it
containing osephagous, stomuch, large intenstine.mesentries serve to connect the oragn. it gains
much needed nutrition from the mother by ambelical codes. other organ developing during fetal
development such as pancreas, gall blader, spleen are contributing in digestive system because it
eill produce digestive enzymes. so after digestion the solid waste remain inside in intenstine
though it will exerted which will sent back to the mother by embelical codes.
2.
Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is prresent around the trachea, nearer to the larynx. Left and right thyroid
glands are joined ventrally in pigs. The thyroid glands receive an abundant supply of blood from
which they are able to uptake iodine. Iodine is used for the synthesis of hormones which contain
three or four iodine moles or atom, triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine. Thyroid hormones
regulate metabolism and heat genaration in the body. few cells in the thyroid also produce the
calcitonin (Hormones)
Thymus gland
The thymus is a big gland, is located fronter to the heart and lateral extensions into the neck. The
thymus gland is made of lymphoidal tissue and has a important immunological function in
animals. The animal\'s immune system with which it protect itself against inactivating
microorganisms. there is significant difference between male and female thymus gland.
male thymus gland shows the secondary lobulation while female thymus glands shows the
simple lobules.
interlabulor septue were thin andshows less vascular in male pig as comare to them female pig
showed thick and highly vascular property.
medulla of the lobules shoews the hassels corpuscles in male pig. medulla shows isolated island
in the lobules in female pig.
medulla occpy larger area in male pif as compare to female pig.
no difference is shown in spleen of male pif and female pig.
3.Most of the animal kingdome has coelom. coelom mens hollow cavity, infect it the main cavity
shown in most animal and it is present inside in the body to surround and it contain digestive
part. it lines with mesodermal epithelium.
4.The colour of intenstine is slightly puple. it is due to the presence of mesnteries. mesenteries
are couple of transperant sheets with the petrineoum that suspended and support mechanical
strength to the visceral part of organ.purplish colour of the mesnteries is due to the
vascularization which include both veins and artery..
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