The document discusses violence risk assessment. It notes that both static (historical) and dynamic (clinical) risk factors should be considered. The most robust risk factors for violence are substance abuse, prior acts of violence, and psychopathy. Well-known risk assessment tools mentioned include the HCR-20 and PCL-R. The goals of risk assessment are described as improved decision making, reduced recidivism, and increased community safety.
Assessing and managing risk for violence among juveniles is an important forensic task. Clinical judgement is never sufficient for this important job. This presentation outlines methods of assessing and managing risk of violence among young people.
Professional Risk Assessment: Risk of Harm to OthersDr Gemma Russell
Presentation delivered to Lifeworks Australia as part of their professional development in 2013.
Specifically discusses how to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment, regarding individual's risk of harm to others. Seminar includes ethical and legal obligations of the practitioner as well as implications for different types/levels of risk.
Risk Reduction Through Family Therapy (RRFT)BASPCAN
An integrative approach to treating substance use problems and PTSD among maltreated youth.
Carla Kmett Danielson PhD
Medical University of South Caolina
Assessing and managing risk for violence among juveniles is an important forensic task. Clinical judgement is never sufficient for this important job. This presentation outlines methods of assessing and managing risk of violence among young people.
Professional Risk Assessment: Risk of Harm to OthersDr Gemma Russell
Presentation delivered to Lifeworks Australia as part of their professional development in 2013.
Specifically discusses how to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment, regarding individual's risk of harm to others. Seminar includes ethical and legal obligations of the practitioner as well as implications for different types/levels of risk.
Risk Reduction Through Family Therapy (RRFT)BASPCAN
An integrative approach to treating substance use problems and PTSD among maltreated youth.
Carla Kmett Danielson PhD
Medical University of South Caolina
Presentation by Daniel Flannery, Ph.D. given at the 2010 RWJF LFP Annual Meeting in St. Paul, MN
This presentation will present recent research on the links between brain development and neurochemistry, mental health and violence. We will compare traditional treatment programs that focus separately on perpetrators, victims and witnesses with examples of specific, innovative, multi-systemic treatment models that providers have employed in an attempt to break the cycle of violence. Our discussion will revolve around several video vignettes and principles of Trauma-Informed care.
Participants will address the challenges of pilot-tested, “evidence-based practice” versus the “practice-based evidence” of community programs. Treatment challenges related to co-morbid functioning of high-risk individuals will be discussed including substance use, offending, mental health, family functioning and academic achievement. Examples of specific innovative treatment models and local and national data on multi-system involved youth and intervention outcomes will be provided. We will also consider the difficulties and benefits of working in collaborative, community-based coalitions to effect change and how this movement has been affected by policy, resources, and increased demands for accountability.
The Assessment, Management, and Treatment of Suicidal PatientsJohn Gavazzi
This PowerPoint is a companion to The Ethics and Psychology Podcast #25: The Assessment, Management, and Treatment of Suicidal Patients. Dr. John Gavazzi speaks with Dr. Sam Knapp about assessing, managing and treating the suicidal patient. Please read the disclaimer and the note on competence in dealing with suicidal patients. The podcast or video meets the requirements for Pennsylvania Act 74 requirements for all mental health professionals in Pennsylvania.
Contemporary personality assessment tests are useful for predicting simple people's personalities whose behaviour patterns are constant and persistent in various situations and from time to time. They will experience problems in reading complex humans whose behaviour patterns vary or fluctuate with different people, situations and times.
Many of the inventions attributed to the West were actually first invented in China and later modified or refined by Western powers after the invention made its way from China. Important discoveries such as paper, moveable type printing, gunpowder, and the mechanical clock all have had immense influence on modern life and originated in China. It is important to understand ourselves by looking to the past and seeing where these inventions came from and how they made their way to common use by us. This is especially true in an ever increasing global outlook to realize that other cultures have had a profound effect upon our own.
Collection evaluation techniques for academic libraries ALISS
Sally Halper, Lead Content Specialist - Business & Management, British Library. An excellent introduction to some really good practical qualitative and quantitative tools including White's brief tests. A bibliography of further readings is also provided.
eSports: The Biggest Sport You've Probably Never Heard Ofsparks & honey
With millions of people already playing video games and the popularity of video game competition rising, gamers developed an interest in watching others play for fun, while learning tips to improve their play and witnessing pro-gamers
showcasing their skills.
eSports organizations recognized this trend and created platforms for people to participate and watch. The dramatic rise of game streaming services like Twitch, ESL, and MLG created communities between players and fans.
Then came the big prize money. The professional game casters. Video games broadcast on major networks. Huge, sold-out crowds. Brand sponsorships. And from the beginning, unrelentingly passionate fans.
A perfect sport that fulfills the cultural need to be the hero, to be part of a community as both participant and spectator and experience the thrill of victory.
Presentation by Daniel Flannery, Ph.D. given at the 2010 RWJF LFP Annual Meeting in St. Paul, MN
This presentation will present recent research on the links between brain development and neurochemistry, mental health and violence. We will compare traditional treatment programs that focus separately on perpetrators, victims and witnesses with examples of specific, innovative, multi-systemic treatment models that providers have employed in an attempt to break the cycle of violence. Our discussion will revolve around several video vignettes and principles of Trauma-Informed care.
Participants will address the challenges of pilot-tested, “evidence-based practice” versus the “practice-based evidence” of community programs. Treatment challenges related to co-morbid functioning of high-risk individuals will be discussed including substance use, offending, mental health, family functioning and academic achievement. Examples of specific innovative treatment models and local and national data on multi-system involved youth and intervention outcomes will be provided. We will also consider the difficulties and benefits of working in collaborative, community-based coalitions to effect change and how this movement has been affected by policy, resources, and increased demands for accountability.
The Assessment, Management, and Treatment of Suicidal PatientsJohn Gavazzi
This PowerPoint is a companion to The Ethics and Psychology Podcast #25: The Assessment, Management, and Treatment of Suicidal Patients. Dr. John Gavazzi speaks with Dr. Sam Knapp about assessing, managing and treating the suicidal patient. Please read the disclaimer and the note on competence in dealing with suicidal patients. The podcast or video meets the requirements for Pennsylvania Act 74 requirements for all mental health professionals in Pennsylvania.
Contemporary personality assessment tests are useful for predicting simple people's personalities whose behaviour patterns are constant and persistent in various situations and from time to time. They will experience problems in reading complex humans whose behaviour patterns vary or fluctuate with different people, situations and times.
Many of the inventions attributed to the West were actually first invented in China and later modified or refined by Western powers after the invention made its way from China. Important discoveries such as paper, moveable type printing, gunpowder, and the mechanical clock all have had immense influence on modern life and originated in China. It is important to understand ourselves by looking to the past and seeing where these inventions came from and how they made their way to common use by us. This is especially true in an ever increasing global outlook to realize that other cultures have had a profound effect upon our own.
Collection evaluation techniques for academic libraries ALISS
Sally Halper, Lead Content Specialist - Business & Management, British Library. An excellent introduction to some really good practical qualitative and quantitative tools including White's brief tests. A bibliography of further readings is also provided.
eSports: The Biggest Sport You've Probably Never Heard Ofsparks & honey
With millions of people already playing video games and the popularity of video game competition rising, gamers developed an interest in watching others play for fun, while learning tips to improve their play and witnessing pro-gamers
showcasing their skills.
eSports organizations recognized this trend and created platforms for people to participate and watch. The dramatic rise of game streaming services like Twitch, ESL, and MLG created communities between players and fans.
Then came the big prize money. The professional game casters. Video games broadcast on major networks. Huge, sold-out crowds. Brand sponsorships. And from the beginning, unrelentingly passionate fans.
A perfect sport that fulfills the cultural need to be the hero, to be part of a community as both participant and spectator and experience the thrill of victory.
20 Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical AttentionV-c.docxlorainedeserre
20 Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention
V-codes and z-codes
V-codes and Z-codes are conditions that may be the focus of clinical attention but are not considered mental disorders. They correspond to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ICD-9-CM (V-codes) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification ICD-10-CM (Z-codes that become effective in 2015. In most instances, third-party payers do not cover charges for delivering services to an individual if the diagnosis is solely a V- or Z-code alone. If the V- or Z-code is not the primary diagnosis then it should be documented following the primary diagnosis. In addition, when writing the psychosocial assessment any psychosocial and cultural factors that might impact the client's diagnosis should be documented. The psychosocial stressors reflected in these diagnoses are widespread across all classes and cultures and have been shown to impact all aspects of an individual's life from the physical and psychological to the financial. Furthermore, these conditions have been shown to significantly impact the diagnosis and outcome for a multitude of mental and medical disorders. V- and Z-codes are grouped into numerous categories including: relational problems, problems related to abuse/neglect, educational and occupational problems, housing and economic problems, problems related to the social environment, problems related to the legal system, other counseling services, other psychosocial, personal and environmental problems, and problems of personal history (APA, 2013).
Broadly speaking, the category “Relational Problems” describes interactional problems between family members (e.g., parent/caregiver-child) or partners that result in significant impairment of family functioning or development of symptoms in the distressed individual, spouses, siblings, or other family members. Relational problems are broken down into two categories, Problems Related to Family Upbringing and Other Problems Related to Primary Support Group. For example, in the first category a Parent-Child Relational Problem involves interactional problems between one or both parents and a child that lead to dysfunction in behavioral (e.g., inadequate protection, overprotection), cognitive (e.g., antagonism toward or blaming of the other) or affective (e.g., feeling sad and angry) realms. Here, the critical factor is the quality of the parent-child relationship or when the dysfunction in this relationship is impacting the course and outcome of a psychological or medical condition. Other examples include Sibling Relational Problem, Upbringing Away from Parents, and Child Affected by Parental Relationship Distress. Similarly, family relationships and interactional patterns leading to problems related to primary support group include Partner Relational Problem, Disruption of Family by Separation/Divorce, High Expressed Emotion Level with ...
20 Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical AttentionV-c.docxRAJU852744
20 Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention
V-codes and z-codes
V-codes and Z-codes are conditions that may be the focus of clinical attention but are not considered mental disorders. They correspond to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ICD-9-CM (V-codes) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification ICD-10-CM (Z-codes that become effective in 2015. In most instances, third-party payers do not cover charges for delivering services to an individual if the diagnosis is solely a V- or Z-code alone. If the V- or Z-code is not the primary diagnosis then it should be documented following the primary diagnosis. In addition, when writing the psychosocial assessment any psychosocial and cultural factors that might impact the client's diagnosis should be documented. The psychosocial stressors reflected in these diagnoses are widespread across all classes and cultures and have been shown to impact all aspects of an individual's life from the physical and psychological to the financial. Furthermore, these conditions have been shown to significantly impact the diagnosis and outcome for a multitude of mental and medical disorders. V- and Z-codes are grouped into numerous categories including: relational problems, problems related to abuse/neglect, educational and occupational problems, housing and economic problems, problems related to the social environment, problems related to the legal system, other counseling services, other psychosocial, personal and environmental problems, and problems of personal history (APA, 2013).
Broadly speaking, the category “Relational Problems” describes interactional problems between family members (e.g., parent/caregiver-child) or partners that result in significant impairment of family functioning or development of symptoms in the distressed individual, spouses, siblings, or other family members. Relational problems are broken down into two categories, Problems Related to Family Upbringing and Other Problems Related to Primary Support Group. For example, in the first category a Parent-Child Relational Problem involves interactional problems between one or both parents and a child that lead to dysfunction in behavioral (e.g., inadequate protection, overprotection), cognitive (e.g., antagonism toward or blaming of the other) or affective (e.g., feeling sad and angry) realms. Here, the critical factor is the quality of the parent-child relationship or when the dysfunction in this relationship is impacting the course and outcome of a psychological or medical condition. Other examples include Sibling Relational Problem, Upbringing Away from Parents, and Child Affected by Parental Relationship Distress. Similarly, family relationships and interactional patterns leading to problems related to primary support group include Partner Relational Problem, Disruption of Family by Separation/Divorce, High Expressed Emotion Level with.
Type D personality is a trait comprising of negative affectivity and social inhibition. The study focuses on the exact
summarization of this personality for obtaining the objectives.Type d personality is having many clinical
complications associated with it and it can cause all system related disease states. Development of such trait will result to poor health
status, poor compliance, impaired cognition and improper medication adherence. This article depicts the overview on type D
personality and suggests the need to perform research to generate epidemiological data and developing further strategies to overcome
complications of type D personality. There is again a necessity to aware people about this kind.
In this module, you will learn about the controversies surrounding.docxjaggernaoma
In this module, you will learn about the controversies surrounding psychological testing and specialized evaluations.
There are times when the expertise of psychology professionals and mental health professionals is used to protect both clients and society. This use of expertise calls for sensitive evaluation procedures fraught with risk for psychology professionals and mental health evaluators. The risk arises because opinion may be mistaken for fact, and this can result in unfair sentencing or lawsuits against the evaluator if the sensitive information is misused or misinterpreted in any way by third parties.
In a forensic setting, recommendations are made to assess and determine dangerousness, risk for recidivism, and the potential for future violence. These specialized evaluations require appropriate training and the administration of psychological tests designed to measure specific traits. The instruments designed to measure violence and dangerousness are surrounded by controversy because of their limited ability to assess risks beyond reasonable certainty. While they are often useful in yielding information about specific personality traits, no test can conclusively predict how and when an individual will act in any given situation. Therefore, these instruments are often the center of controversy in courts, particularly among defense attorneys. Psychological evaluations are defensible only to a certain degree. No matter what types of or how many valid instruments psychology professionals or mental health professionals use in the forensic assessment, the results will likely be viewed as the opinion of the examiner in a court of law. This leaves room for holes to be punched into theories of both the defense and the prosecution. It also reinforces the fact that you must obtain expertise through experience and training if you plan to conduct evaluations for use in the court or the legal system. The instruments will not be subject to a cross-examination as much as the evaluators who use them.
An additional factor subject to scrutiny in the legal system is the appropriateness of tests used on clients fitting certain racial, cultural, ethnic, and sexual orientation demographics if they are not represented by the norms on which the psychological tests were developed. While increasing efforts have been made recently by most test publishers to establish norms better matching race, culture, ethnicity, and sexual orientation, most major psychological instruments are still interpreted using standard norms and outdated representative populations. In addition, there is a controversy concerning what parameters of intelligence and developmental disability should be admissible in court. For example, if someone with moderate mental retardation commits murder and knows right from wrong, it is argued that the low intelligence of the individual is irrelevant in the case and should not influence sentencing. These scenarios are difficult to address with psycho.
2
Literature Review
Arlenn Campos
Department of forensic psychology
Northcentral University
PSY- 6510 V3 : Capstone in forensic psychology
Dr. John Mitchell
October 20, 2022
Introduction
The Efficacy of Psychological Treatments for Violent Offenders in Correctional.
A.
Who Are the Treatments for In a Correctional Facility?
In terms of its consequences on victims, the life quality for violators, and the financial impact it places on correctional facilities, the healthcare system, and society as a whole, violence is a serious global public health issue. According to research, a very small percentage of habitually aggressive people is liable for a disproportionately large number of violent episodes. These individuals are often jailed or, in the case of those with mental illness, confined in secure facilities for the goal of incapacitating and rehabilitating them. Up to 70% of prison inmates, hospitalized offenders, and felons under supervision in the community in affluent countries are violent offenders, as well as clinical psychologists are frequently depended upon to handle the rehabilitative requirements of those deemed at danger of future violence. In recent years, there has been a global explosion in the creation and execution of programs addressing offender behavior (Bartol & Bartol. 2019). These efforts are the result of comprehensive meta-analytic as well as primary research demonstrating that these programs may significantly lower a criminal's likelihood to commit more offenses. Widely referred to as the "what works" or risk-need-responsivity model to offender rehabilitation, the most effective programs conform to core, empirically proven service delivery criteria (Andrews & Bonta, 2010).
1.
Drug Addictions Definition
"A curable, chronic medical condition involving intricate interactions amongst neural pathways, genetics, the surroundings, and a person's life experiences," is how the American Society of Addiction Medicine describes addiction. Addicts abuse drugs or engage in activities that quickly become obsessive and, most of the time, continue doing so despite the fact that they are having negative effects on their lives. Many individuals, although not all, start taking drugs or participating in activities freely at some point in their lives. On the other hand, addiction has the potential to diminish one's capacity for self-control.
2.
Offenders’ Definition
The criminal justice system labels violent offenders among the most serious criminals because they have been apprehended, found guilty, and even incarcerated for felony crimes like robbery, aggravated battery, sexual violence and spousal abuse, rape, and even murder (Woody, 2019)). Offenders who committed violent crimes either possessed, owned, or utilized a firearm or other potentially lethal weapon, which resulted in the victim's death or significant physical damage. According to the findings of a study (Conis & Delisi, 201.
3. “Violence is actual, attempted, or
threatened harm to a person or persons.
Threats of harm must be clear and
unambiguous rather than vague statements
of hostility. Violence is behavior which
obviously is likely to cause harm to another
person or persons. Behavior which would be
fear-inducing to the average person may be
counted as violence.”
Christopher D. Webster, Kevin S. Douglas,
Derek Eaves, Stephen D. Hart
4. Unstructured Clinical Opinion
- no specific criteria (i.e., “gut feeling”)
Structured Clinical Opinion
- list of risk factors believed to be important
Empirically Guided Clinical Opinion
- list of risk factors supported by research (e.g.,
HCR-20)
Pure Actuarial Assessment
- rating scale that generates a probability
estimate for violence risk (e.g., VRAG)
Clinically Adjusted Actuarial Assessment
- actuarial and clinical data (best technique)
5. Static Risk Factors – Historical or stable
factors which do not change (e.g., previous
violence, major mental illness, substance
abuse, prior supervision failure).
Dynamic Risk Factors – Clinical or
changeable factors which can worsen or
improve (e.g., psychiatric symptoms,
impulsivity, insight, responsiveness to
treatment).
6. Age – Late adolescence to early adulthood,
drops after age 40
Gender – Male
Lower socio-economic status
Unstable family environment
Peer culture
Substance abuse – Single most robust factor
for violence
Prior criminal history
History of repeated acts of violence –
Second most robust factor for violence
7.
8. Conduct clinical interviews (i.e.,
psychiatric, psychological, social).
Review available records (i.e., clinical
records, police reports, arrest record).
Collect other collateral information (e.g.,
family, friends, mental health providers).
Monitor behavior on the unit (e.g., physical
aggression, cooperation with staff,
compliance with unit rules).
Administer violence risk assessments (e.g.,
HCR-20, VRAG, PCL-R).
9. Checklist of risk factors for violent behavior.
Scale consists of 20 items, organized around
10 past (Historical), 5 present (Clinical), and
5 future (Risk Management) factors.
Administration consists of interview, record
review, collateral information, and testing.
Empirically Guided Clinical Opinion.
10. User qualifications include expertise in
conducting individual assessments and in the
study of violence.
Assessors must determine the presence
versus absence of each of the 20 individual
risk factors. Items are coded on a 3-point
scale (i.e., 0 = No, 1 = Maybe, 2 = Yes).
Assessors must integrate the item-level
information to reach a final decision about
risk for violence (i.e., Low, Moderate, or
High).
11. Previous violence.
Young age at first violent incident.
Relationship instability.
Employment problems.
Substance use problems.
Major mental illness.
Psychopathy.
Early maladjustment.
Personality disorder.
Prior supervision failure.
12. Lack of insight.
Negative attitudes.
Active symptoms of major mental illness.
Impulsivity.
Unresponsive to treatment.
13. Plans lack feasibility.
Exposure to destabilizers.
Lack of personal support.
Noncompliance with remediation attempts.
Stress.
14. Developed to assess violent recidivism
among mentally disordered offenders.
Research has shown that it applies equally to
sex offenders (Rice & Harris, 1997).
Contains 12 items scored on the basis of
clinical records as opposed to interviews or
questionnaires.
Pure Actuarial Assessment.
15. Did not live with both parents to age 16.
Elementary school maladjustment.
History of alcohol problems.
Never married.
Criminal history of nonviolent offenses.
Failure on prior conditional release.
Young age at index offense.
Victim injury.
No female victim.
Any personality disorder.
No Schizophrenia diagnosis.
High PCL-R score.
16.
17. “Human predators who coldly, callously, and
ruthlessly use charm, deceit, manipulation,
threats, intimidation, and violence to
dominate and control others and to satisfy
their own selfish needs and desires. Others
exist only as emotional, physical, and
financial prey with no rights of their own.”
Robert D. Hare, Ph.D.
18. Originally, the PCL-R was designed as a rating
scale for the assessment of psychopathy in
male forensic populations.
Now, it is often used to assess the likelihood
of future recidivism and violent offending.
Consists of 20 items scored on the basis of a
semi-structured interview and collateral
information.
Items are divided into 2 factors (i.e.,
Interpersonal/Affective, Social Deviance).
19. Glibness/Superficial Charm (F1).
Grandiose Sense of Self Worth (F1).
Need for Stimulation/Proneness to Boredom
(F2).
Pathological Lying (F1).
Conning/Manipulative (F1).
Lack of Remorse or Guilt (F1).
Shallow Affect (F1).
Callous/Lack of Empathy (F1).
Parasitic Lifestyle (F2).
Poor Behavioral Controls (F2).
20. Promiscuous Sexual Behavior.
Early Behavior Problems (F2).
Lack of Realistic Long-term Goals (F2).
Impulsivity (F2).
Irresponsibility (F2).
Failure to Accept Responsibility for Own
Actions (F1).
Many Short-term Marital Relationships.
Juvenile Delinquency (F2).
Revocation of Conditional Release (F2).
Criminal Versatility.
21. Classification of Violence Risk (COVR)
Short-Term Assessment of Risk and
Treatability (START)
STATIC-99
Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool –
Revised (MnSOST-R)
22.
23. Reduces staff and patient injuries by
providing guidance in managing risk.
Improves decision making (e.g., placement,
privileges).
Helps to expedite discharges by providing
more direction in treatment.
Reassures community agencies regarding
management of risk (i.e., risk factors have
been addressed).
Minimizes relapse and recidivism in the
community (i.e., prevents future violence).
24. Structure treatment plans around risk factors
for violence.
Risk factors should be the identified problem
areas in treatment plans (e.g., hallucinations,
delusions, mood lability, impulsivity).
Reduce risk factors through various treatment
modalities (e.g., medication management,
individual counseling, substance abuse groups).
By addressing risk factors, the goal is to stabilize
the patient’s clinical condition, which lowers
risk for dangerous behavior.
25. Risk Factors for Violence
- i.e., managed adequately?
Compliance with Treatment
- e.g., taking medication?, participating in
counseling?, attending groups?
Clinical Stability
- i.e., extended period of stability?
Behavioral Stability
- e.g., aggressive?, cooperative?
26. Identify a stable living arrangement (e.g.,
halfway house, group home).
Set up funding arrangements (e.g., SSI).
Identify a community agency to provide
mental health services and/or substance
abuse treatment.
Share the treatment plan with the
community agency, including risk reduction
strategies.
Establish sources of healthy psychosocial
support (e.g., family, friends).
27. Violence is actual, attempted, or threatened
harm to others.
Integrate both actuarial and clinical information
when assessing for risk of violence.
Utilize multiple sources of information when
identifying risk factors.
The most robust risk factors include substance
abuse, previous violence, and psychopathy.
Important goals of risk assessment include better
decision making, less recidivism, and community
safety.