Richard Kirwan (1733-1812) - Chemist, Barrister and Philosopher - An Exemplar of Good Practice in his Time and for Today - Duncan Thorburn Burns, MRIA

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Richard Kirwan (1733-1812) - Chemist, Barrister and Philosopher - An Exemplar of Good Practice in his Time and for Today - Duncan Thorburn Burns, MRIA. For additional information including audio recordings to accompany this presentation please click here - http://www.ria.ie/library/exhibitions/lunchtime-lecture-series.aspx. Disclaimer: The Royal Irish Academy has prepared the content of this website responsibly and carefully, but disclaims all warranties, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the information contained in any of the materials. The views expressed are the authors’ own and not those of the Royal Irish Academy.

Education

Richard Kirwan (1733‐1812)

Chemist, barrister and philosopher:
An exemplar of Good Practice in his time
as for Today

D. Thorburn Burns, MRIA, FRSE

Lecture outline
A. In period context
B. Life and Times
C. Scientific and technological studies
i) Chemical based
ii) Physical based
D. Metaphysical studies
E. Conclusions

Hypochondria

Dysphagia

Thermophylia

Dipteraphobia

Noctural camelliaphilia

Basic chemical studies
a) Chemical affinity
b) Mineral water analysis
c) The phlogiston theory
d) Chemical nomenclature
e) Hepatic air

(i) M. Akeroyd, “The Kirwan‐
Lavoisier debate and approaches
to the evaluation of chemical
theories”, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.,
998,293‐301, (2003).

(ii) P. Thagard, “Explanatory
coherence”, Behav. Brain Sci., 12,
435‐502, see pp, 444‐446.

Applied Chemical Studies

a) bleaching
b) agriculture
c) leather tanning
d) mineralogy, minerals and
mines
e) geology

Contributions based on physical
sciences
a) Meteorology
b) Specific heats
c) Magnetism

Metaphysical Essays
1. On human liberty
2. On space duration and time
3. Of duration, time and eternity
4. On the primeval language of
mankind
5. On human happiness
6. Of the origin of polytheism,
idolatory, and Grecian
mythology

W. Bains,
“Hypotheses and Humility: ideas
do not have to be correct to be
useful”,
Biosci. Hypoth., 2(1), 1‐3, (2009).

Heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, Cd, and Ni) were measured seasonally in three different tissues (gonads, gills, and muscle) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from the Taqtaq Region of the Little Zab River in Northern Iraq from March 2008 to February 2009. After wet digestion using the MALAIYANDI and BARETTE methods, heavy metals in fish samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. To compare the data between seasons, age, sex, and size one-way ANOVA and principal component analysis were used (level of 0,05). In the sequence of Cyprinus carpio samples, mean concentrations decreased in the gonads and gills as Zn > Fe > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd, and in the muscle as Zn> Pb > Fe > Ni > Cu > Cd. Heavy metal concentrations in the samples exceeded the tolerable limits set by international organizations (AIEA-407). Gills had the highest metal concentrations, followed by gonads and muscle. In the winter, the levels of heavy metals in carp tissues decreased. The average values of Zn (80,30 21,00 mg.kg) and Ni (6,95 0,19 mg.kg) were at their highest levels in spring, according to the results. In the winter, the highest Pb, Cu, and Fe levels were found to be 7,53 214, 5,31 0,03, and 22,12 16,06 mg.kg, respectively. Summer had the highest Cd levels, which were 3,29 0.69 mg.kg. Significant differences between seasons were found for each metal (P 0.05).

Impact of Heavy Metal Pollution on Reproduction in Freshwater Fishes of India

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Robert Frost was a deeply philosophical American poet who was interested in existential questions about the meaning of life. Some of his most famous poems, like "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" and "Home Burial" explore philosophical themes like man's existential loneliness, the subjective and objective realities of life, and how death reveals the truth about human isolation. The document examines Frost's connection to the American philosopher William James and how Frost found deeper meanings in the world by questioning reasons for existence and tensions between civilization and nature, and life and death.

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1. Chemistry is defined as the scientific study of matter, including its composition and the changes it undergoes. It deals with the properties, composition, structure and changes of matter, as well as the principles governing these changes. 2. The document then provides definitions for key chemistry terms like matter, mass, volume, space, hypothesis, phenomenon, theory and types of chemistry such as organic chemistry and physical chemistry. 3. The rest of the document consists of multiple choice questions related to the history and basics of chemistry, testing understanding of topics like early Muslim contributions to chemistry, types of chemistry, and terms involving matter, substances and chemical reactions.

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This document summarizes research on substituent control of hydrogen bonding in palladium(II)-pyrazole complexes. Seven chelate complexes examined via X-ray crystallography all showed intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the pyrazole N-H group and a cis chloride ligand. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding was also observed and could be controlled by the substituent at the C-5 position of pyrazole; complexes with a methyl or no C-5 substituent showed significant intermolecular bonding, while a tert-butyl group at C-5 avoided such bonding. The acidity of two complexes in acetonitrile was estimated to be closer to that of pyridinium ion than imidazol

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This document presents research being conducted on mangrove plants and their endophytic fungi in heavy metal polluted sites in West Bengal, India. The research is being conducted by Debarati Chakraborty for her M.Phil under the supervision of Dr. Punarbasu Chaudhuri and Dr. Sugata Hazra. The research aims to analyze antioxidant enzyme levels and chlorophyll content in various mangrove species and their endophytes from polluted sites. Physicochemical parameters of the sites will also be examined. Isolated endophytic fungi from plant samples will be identified and their enzyme levels correlated with the plant levels.

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Richard Kirwan (1733-1812) - Chemist, Barrister and Philosopher - An Exemplar of Good Practice in his Time and for Today - Duncan Thorburn Burns, MRIA

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Richard Kirwan (1733-1812) - Chemist, Barrister and Philosopher - An Exemplar of Good Practice in his Time and for Today - Duncan Thorburn Burns, MRIA