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RGV_Starting a Vineyard_Management.pdf
- 1. Starting a Vineyard Inthe Rio Grande Valley Vineyard Management Rio Farms, Inc. Monte Alto,Texas February 10, 2023 Fran Pontasch, Gulf CoastViticulture fmpontasch@tamu.edu
- 2. Goals – VineyardUniformity Vine Balance Vine Health
- 3. Accuracy on plantingday pays off. • Management efficiency • Disease control • Grape quality • Vine longevity
- 4. Growing Requirements 1. 24”water annually, neutral pH 2. Well-drained soil 3. Soil pH: 5.8 to 7.5 4. Full Sun 5. Low to moderate fertility 6. Support structure
- 5. ½ -1 acre1-2 days/week in season + seasonal help ATV, mower, Small equipment 3 - 5 acres ~ 3 days/week in season to full time + seasonal help ATV, tractor, airblast sprayer, herbicide sprayer, mower, small implements 5-10 acres Full-time + seasonal help 1-2 ATV, tractor, airblast sprayer, herbicide sprayer, mower, forklift, cost share equipment & labor Equipment & Labor Needs in a SmallVineyard
- 6. Vineyard Development inYears Planning& Preparation 1-5 Vineyard Establishment 1-3 Early Grape Production 3-4 Full Production/Vineyard Maturity 5+
- 7. PreparationYears Tasks • Soil &WaterTests •Clearing • Disking, Ripping • Soil Amendments and Fertilizers • Weed Clearing • Trellis & Irrigation Installation • Educational Expenses
- 8. Same planting day Samevariety/rootstock Different Level of Weed Control
- 9. Grapevine DevelopmentYears 1-3 FromHere To Here Year 1 = 1st Leaf Year 3 = 3rd Leaf
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- 12. Grapevine Shoot Morphology Internode Node ShootTip Tendril Flower Cluster Petiole Leaf Blade Lateral Shoot
- 13. Used to defineannual stages of growth and to distinguish grape species, varieties and response to environment. Drives vineyard management decisions. Grapevine Phenology
- 14. Key Components ofVineyard Management Canopy Water Floor Nutrition Crop Disease & Insect
- 15. Budbreak to Bloom DiseaseMgt, Weed Mgt, Sucker Removal, Shoot Thinning Lag Phase to Veraison Crop Adjustment, Disease Mgt, Intense Water Mgt, Canopy Mgt, Insect Monitoring, Floor/Weed Mgmt. Veraison to Harvest Fruit Maturity Monitoring, Late season Disease Mgt, Canopy Mgt, Petiole Sampling, Water Mgt, Pick & Delivery Post-Harvest into Dormancy Sleep, Eat, Hydrate, Weed/Floor Mgt, Insect Monitoring, Fungicide Sprays, Pruning, Water Mgt. Or Crush, Ferment, Make & Sell Wine Vineyard Tasks after Pruning
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- 18. Pruning – Firstand most important task in managing the canopy
- 20. Grapevine Planting • Follownursery directions. • Make sure vines are uniformly planted. • Eliminate air pockets • Ensure roots are pointing downwards • Install support stake
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- 23. Manage diseases &insects, water, & vigor • Manage insects & fungal diseases after harvest, before dormancy • Avoid standing water - improve drainage where needed • Fully hydrate after harvest - Avoid dehydration and overwatering • Avoid excessive growth in fall, keep post harvest nitrogen applications to a minimum of 5- 7lbs/acre
- 24. Fertilize:Two Periods ofNitrogen Uptake Between budbreak & veraison After harvest (5-15lbs N/acre) Nitrogen Management inVineyards, Pierre Helwi, PhD https://agrilifelearn.tamu.edu/s/product/nitrogen-management-in-vineyards/01t4x000004OfqE
- 25. Seasonal Fungal Diseases ACTION AppropriateFungicide Timing Rate Integrated Pesticide Management Canopy Weeds Nutrition Crop Anthracnose Phomopsis Black Rot Downy Mildew Powdery Mildew Bunch Rots
- 26. Phomopsis Black Rot Powdery Mildew DownyMildew Bunch Rot Green June Beetle Budbreak-1” 3-5” 10-12” Prebloom Bloom-Shatter Pea Size Veraison Harvest PD Vectors Grape Berry Moth
- 27. 1) Form the Trunk Lateral Tipped Lateral REMOVE ATBASE 2) Form the Cordons
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- 32. Overcropping – Excess cropproduction impacts vine health & grape quality Vine Health o Stresses vines o Decreases vine’s natural defenses against diseases, winter injury o Reduces vine longevity
- 33. ExcessVigor – Excess leaf& shoot production impacts vine health (crop yield & crop quality) Vine Health o Produces weaker wood o Decreases vine’s natural defenses against diseases, winter injury o Reduces vine longevity
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- 35. Brix pH Diseased/Damaged fruit Herbaceousness Good color UNDERRATING Effectsvineyard management has onWine
- 36. Skilled Unskilled Harvest Machine harvestHand harvest
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- 38. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 PRUNING WEED CONTROLSPRAYING TRAINING, TYING REPAIRS HOURS/ACRE Skilled Labor Demands –TrainingYears Limited Skills $12-$12.50/hour Skilled $15-$25 Tip: DocumentYourVineyard’s Progress with Photos
- 39. 120 hrs/acre/year Labor Demands- ProductionYears Unskilled - $12-$12.50/hour Skilled - $15-$25 80 40 40 50 15 HARVEST FUNG/INSECT/FERT SPRAY PRUNING TRAINING,TYING HERBICIDE SPRAY HOURS/ACRE Vine Growth Stages
- 40. 10 Keys toHigh Quality Grapes 1. Vineyard Uniformity 2. Balanced Yield 3. Canopy Microclimate 4. Water Management 5. Disease and Pest Management 6. Achievable Ripeness Target 7. Monitor Fruit Maturity 8. Coordinate Harvest Logistics 9. Harvest Practices 10. Transportation Establish Quality Preserve Quality Ed Hellman
- 41. Common & CostlyMistakes Underrate GoodVineyard Management & Record Keeping Misjudge the Rate of Growth Underestimate Disease & Insect Pressure Undervalue Labor Needs Rush to Plant
- 42. THANK YOU! Fran Pontasch fmpontasch@tamu.edu Facebook–TexasViticulture & Enology