The document provides a series of prompts and questions about contingencies and the three-contingency model. It asks the reader to identify whether examples provided are natural or performance management contingencies. It provides feedback on the reader's responses, clarifying the correct answers and explanations.

1. You’re doing great! We’ve
covered all the criteria in the
Three-Contingency Model, so it’s
now time for:
The Review Section!
Estimated time: 10 min.

2. Take a look at this contingency. Is it a
natural or PM contingency?
Before Behavior After
Prof. Joe’s Prof. Joe’s
Professor Joe
students won’t students will
orders new
have current have current
edition of
information on information on
PBe5 for his
behavior behavior
Psych class
analysis analysis
A. Natural Contingency
B. PM Contingency

3. Great job! This
Take a look at this contingency. Is it a
contingency
exists prior to
natural or PM contingency?
performance
management, so
it’s a natural
Before Behavior After
contingency!
Prof. Joe’s Prof. Joe’s
Professor Joe
students won’t students will
orders new
have current have current
edition of
information on information on
PBe5 for his
behavior behavior
Psych class
analysis analysis
A. Natural Contingency
B. PM Contingency

4. Uh-oh! This
Take a look at this contingency. Is it a
contingency wasn’t
natural or PM contingency?
designed by
anyone, was it?
Take another look.
Before Behavior After
Prof. Joe’s Prof. Joe’s
Professor Joe
students won’t students will
orders new
have current have current
edition of
information on information on
PBe5 for his
behavior behavior
Psych class
analysis analysis
A. Natural Contingency
B. PM Contingency

5. Which is the correct ineffective natural contingency?
Patrick doesn’t Patrick drinks a Patrick does
have a buzz shot of whiskey have a buzz
Patrick has an
Patrick has a
Patrick drinks a infinitesimal
given level of
shot of whiskey decrease in
health
health
Patrick won’t get Patrick will get
Patrick drinks a
yelled at by his yelled at by his
shot of whiskey
girlfriend girlfriend
A. A is correct
B. B is correct
C. C is correct

6. Which is the correct ineffective natural contingency?
Nope! This is the
Patrick doesn’t Patrick drinks a Effective Competing
Patrick does
have a buzz shot of whiskey Contingency. Try again!
have a buzz
Patrick has an
Patrick has a
Patrick drinks a infinitesimal
given level of
shot of whiskey decrease in
health
health
Patrick won’t get Patrick will get
Patrick drinks a
yelled at by his yelled at by his
shot of whiskey
girlfriend girlfriend
A. A is correct
B. B is correct
C. C is correct

7. Which is the correct ineffective natural contingency?
Good job! The contingency
has an ineffective outcome,
Patrick doesn’t Patrick drinks ais naturally occurring, and
Patrick does
have a buzz shot of whiskey effects the quality of life.
have a buzz
Patrick has an
Patrick has a
Patrick drinks a infinitesimal
given level of
shot of whiskey decrease in
health
health
Patrick won’t get Patrick will get
Patrick drinks a
yelled at by his yelled at by his
shot of whiskey
girlfriend girlfriend
A. A is correct
B. B is correct
C. C is correct

8. Which is the correct ineffective natural contingency?
Not quite! This
contingency is added and
Patrick doesn’t Patrick drinks a planned, so it can’t be the
Patrick does
have a buzz shot of whiskey ineffective natural
have a buzz
contingency.
Patrick has an
Patrick has a
Patrick drinks a infinitesimal
given level of
shot of whiskey decrease in
health
health
Patrick won’t get Patrick will get
Patrick drinks a
yelled at by his yelled at by his
shot of whiskey
girlfriend girlfriend
A. A is correct
B. B is correct
C. C is correct

9. Which contingency is added and planned?
Before Behavior After
Lisa sends her Lisa’s credit
Lisa’s credit
A
credit card card payment
card payment
payment in will not be
will be late
on time late
Before Behavior After
Lisa sends her
B Lisa will get
a late fee
credit card
payment in
Lisa will not
get a late fee
on time
A. A is added and planned
B. B is added and planned
C. Both contingencies are added and planned
D. Neither contingency is added and planned

10. This contingency is
a natural
Which contingency is added and planned? contingency.
Nobody added this
outcome. Try again!
Before Behavior After
Lisa sends her Lisa’s credit
Lisa’s credit
A
credit card card payment
card payment
payment in will not be
will be late
on time late
Before Behavior After
Lisa sends her
B Lisa will get
a late fee
credit card
payment in
Lisa will not
get a late fee
on time
A. A is added and planned
B. B is added and planned
C. Both contingencies are added and planned
D. Neither contingency is added and planned

11. Perfect! The late fee
is an outcome added
Which contingency is added and planned?
by the credit card
company to get
payments in on time!
Before Behavior After
Lisa sends her Lisa’s credit
Lisa’s credit
A
credit card card payment
card payment
payment in will not be
will be late
on time late
Before Behavior After
Lisa sends her
B Lisa will get
a late fee
credit card
payment in
Lisa will not
get a late fee
on time
A. A is added and planned
B. B is added and planned
C. Both contingencies are added and planned
D. Neither contingency is added and planned

12. No, one of these
contingencies is a
Which contingency is added and planned? natural contingency.
Which one is it?
Before Behavior After
Lisa sends her Lisa’s credit
Lisa’s credit
A
credit card card payment
card payment
payment in will not be
will be late
on time late
Before Behavior After
Lisa sends her
B Lisa will get
a late fee
credit card
payment in
Lisa will not
get a late fee
on time
A. A is added and planned
B. B is added and planned
C. Both contingencies are added and planned
D. Neither contingency is added and planned

13. Actually, one of
these contingencies
Which contingency is added and planned? is added and planned.
Can you figure out
which one?
Before Behavior After
Lisa sends her Lisa’s credit
Lisa’s credit
A
credit card card payment
card payment
payment in will not be
will be late
on time late
Before Behavior After
Lisa sends her
B Lisa will get
a late fee
credit card
payment in
Lisa will not
get a late fee
on time
A. A is added and planned
B. B is added and planned
C. Both contingencies are added and planned
D. Neither contingency is added and planned

14. What kind of contingency is this?
Before Behavior After
Sally will not be Sally will be
Sally practices
able to go out able to go out
the piano for
on Saturday on Saturday
30 minutes
night night
A. Analog to Punishment
B. Analog to Penalty
C. Analog to Avoidance of loss of a reinforcer
D. Analog to Avoidance of an aversive condition

15. Nope … the outcome is
designed to increase
the frequency of
What kind of contingency is this?
Sally’s behavior. It
can’t be an Analog to
BeforePunishment! Behavior After
Sally will not be Sally will be
Josh practices
able to go out able to go out
the piano for
on Saturday on Saturday
30 minutes
night night
A. Analog to Punishment
B. Analog to Penalty
C. Analog to Avoidance of loss of a reinforcer
D. Analog to Avoidance of an aversive condition

16. Look again … the
outcome is designed to
increase the frequency
What kind of contingency is this?
of Sally’s behavior. It
can’t be an Analog to
Before Penalty! Behavior After
Sally will not be Sally will be
Sally practices
able to go out able to go out
the piano for
on Saturday on Saturday
30 minutes
night night
A. Analog to Punishment
B. Analog to Penalty
C. Analog to Avoidance of loss of a reinforcer
D. Analog to Avoidance of an aversive condition

17. You got it! Sally is
What kind of contingency is this?
avoiding the loss of the
opportunity to go out!
Before Behavior After
Sally will not be Sally will be
Sally practices
able to go out able to go out
the piano for
on Saturday on Saturday
30 minutes
night night
A. Analog to Punishment
B. Analog to Penalty
C. Analog to Avoidance of loss of a reinforcer
D. Analog to Avoidance of an aversive condition

18. Close … this is an
What kind of contingency is this?
Analog to Avoidance,
but look again to
Before what Sally’s
determine Behavior After
actually avoiding.
Sally will not be Sally will be
Sally practices
able to go out able to go out
the piano for
on Saturday on Saturday
30 minutes
night night
A. Analog to Punishment
B. Analog to Penalty
C. Analog to Avoidance of loss of a reinforcer
D. Analog to Avoidance of an aversive condition

19. One of these contingencies is wrong. Which one?
Christa has an
Christa has a Christa works
infinitesimally
given level of overtime one
greater level of
income day
income
Christa will not Christa will have
Christa works
have the money to the money to
overtime one
pay her speeding pay her speeding
day
ticket ticket
Christa fears not Christa doesn’t fear
Christa works
having the money not having the
overtime one
to pay her money to pay her
day
speeding ticket speeding ticket
A. The Ineffective Contingency is wrong
B. The PM Contingency is wrong
C. The Theoretical Contingency is wrong

20. One of these contingencies is wrong. Which one?
Actually, the
Christa works ineffective natural
Christa has an
Christa has a
overtime one contingency passes all
infinitesimally
given level of
greater level of
income day the tests. Look a little
income
closer.
Christa will not Christa will have
Christa works
have the money to the money to
overtime one
pay her speeding pay her speeding
day
ticket ticket
Christa fears not Christa doesn’t fear
Christa works
having the money not having the
overtime one
to pay her money to pay her
day
speeding ticket speeding ticket
A. The Ineffective Contingency is wrong
B. The PM Contingency is wrong
C. The Theoretical Contingency is wrong

21. One of these contingencies is wrong. Which one?
Christa has an
Christa has a Christa works
infinitesimally
given level of overtime one
greater level of
income day
income
Christa doesn’t Christa will have
Christa works
have the money to the money to
overtime one
pay her speeding pay her speeding
day
ticket ticket
Christa doesn’t fear
Right on! having the
This
Christa fears not
Christa works
having the money not
to pay her
overtime one contingency is her
money to pay
day
speeding ticket incorrect. speedinggoing
Keep ticket
to find out why!
A. The Ineffective Contingency is wrong
B. The PM Contingency is wrong
C. The Theoretical Contingency is wrong

22. Well, the Theoretical
One of these contingencies is wrong. Which
Contingency technically one?
passes all the tests.
Christa has a
What contingency hasthis
Christa works
Christa is an
overtime one related to? Maybe
one infinitesimally
given level of
day that’s where the problem
greater level of
income
income
is.
Christa doesn’t Christa will have
Christa works
have the money to the money to
overtime one
pay her speeding pay her speeding
day
ticket ticket
Christa fears not Christa doesn’t fear
Christa works
having the money not having the
overtime one
to pay her money to pay her
day
speeding ticket speeding ticket
A. The Ineffective Contingency is wrong
B. The PM Contingency is wrong
C. The Theoretical Contingency is wrong

23. So what’s wrong with the PM Contingency?
Christa has an
Christa has a Christa works
infinitesimally
given level of overtime one
greater level of
income day
income
Christa will not Christa will have
Christa works
have the money to the money to
overtime one
pay her speeding pay her speeding
day
ticket ticket
Christa fears not Christa doesn’t fear
Christa works
having the money not having the
overtime one
to pay her money to pay her
day
speeding ticket speeding ticket
A. The contingency should be an Analog to Punishment
B. The contingency is ineffective
C. The contingency isn’t added and planned

24. So what’s wrong increasethe PM Contingency?
Not quite!with
trying to
We’re
behavior, so the
Christa has an
Christa has contingencyChrista works
a is infinitesimally
supposed to be an
given level of overtime one
greater level of
income day
Analog to Avoidance. income
Christa doesn’t Christa will have
Christa works
have the money to the money to
overtime one
pay her speeding pay her speeding
day
ticket ticket
Christa fears not Christa doesn’t fear
Christa works
having the money not having the
overtime one
to pay her money to pay her
day
speeding ticket speeding ticket
A. The contingency should be an Analog to Punishment
B. The contingency is ineffective
C. The contingency isn’t added and planned

25. This is actually an
So what’s wrong with the PM
effective contingency. Contingency?
The outcome is sizable
and probable. What Christa has an
Christa has a Christa works
else could be overtime one
given level of the infinitesimally
income problem? day
greater level of
income
Christa doesn’t Christa will have
Christa works
have the money to the money to
overtime one
pay her speeding pay her speeding
day
ticket ticket
Christa fears not Christa doesn’t fear
Christa works
having the money not having the
overtime one
to pay her money to pay her
day
speeding ticket speeding ticket
A. The contingency should be an Analog to Punishment
B. The contingency is ineffective
C. The contingency isn’t added and planned

26. So what’s outcome should bethe PM Contingency?
wrong The PM
Exactly!
with
added and planned, but
Christa has an
Christa has a is a natural
this Christa works
infinitesimally
contingency.
given level of overtime one
greater level of
income day
income
Christa doesn’t Christa will have
Christa works
have the money to the money to
overtime one
pay her speeding pay her speeding
day
ticket ticket
Christa fears not Christa doesn’t fear
Christa works
having the money not having the
overtime one
to pay her money to pay her
day
speeding ticket speeding ticket
A. The contingency should be an Analog to Punishment
B. The contingency is ineffective
C. The contingency isn’t added and planned

27. Does this PM contingency require a
theoretical contingency?
Before Behavior After
Joey will not Joey works on Joey will be
be allowed to his article allowed to
go to the bar critique for go to the bar
later tonight one hour later tonight
A. Yes
B. No

28. Does this PM contingencyThis contingency is a
Exactly!
require a
indirect-acting, so it requires
theoretical contingency?
direct-acting theoretical
contingency to explain its
effectiveness.
Before Behavior After
Joey will not Joey works on Joey will be
be allowed to his article allowed to
go to the bar critique for go to the bar
later tonight one hour later tonight
A. Yes
B. No

29. Does this PM contingency require a is
Wait a minute! This contingency
indirect-acting, but direct-acting
theoretical contingency? control behavior.
contingencies
What does that mean?
Before Behavior After
Joey will not Joey works on Joey will be
be allowed to his article allowed to
go to the bar critique for go to the bar
later tonight one hour later tonight
A. Yes
B. No

30. Now which would be the correct theoretical contingency for
the last contingency?
Joey will fear not Joey works on his Joey will not fear
being able to go article critique for not being able to
to the bar one hour go to the bar
Joey doesn’t fear
Joey fears not Joey works on his
not getting his
getting his article article critique for
article critique
critique finished one hour
finished
Joey fears not Joey works on his Joey doesn’t fear
being able to go article critique for not being able to
to the bar one hour go to the bar
A. A is the correct contingency
B. B is the correct contingency
C. C is the correct contingency

31. Now which would be the correct theoretical contingency for
the last contingency?
Joey will fear not Joey works on his Joey will not fear
being able to go article critique for not being able to
to the bar one hour go to the bar
Joey doesn’t fear
Joey fears not Joey works on his
not getting his
getting his article article critique for
article critique
critique finished one hour
finished
Joey fears not Joey works on his Joey doesn’t fear
being able to go article critique for not being able to
to the bar one hour go to the bar
A. A is the correct contingency
B. B is the correct contingency
C. C is the correct contingency

32. Now which would be the correct theoretical contingency for
the last contingency?
Joey will fear not Joey works on his Joey will not fear
being able to go article critique for not being able to
to the bar one hour go to the bar
Joey doesn’t fear
Joey fears not Joey works on his
not getting his
getting his article article critique for
article critique
critique finished one hour
finished
Joey fears not Joey works on his Joey doesn’t fear
being able to go article critique for not being able to
to the bar one hour go to the bar
A. A is the correct contingency
B. B is the correct contingency
C. C is the correct contingency

33. Now which would be the correct theoretical contingency for
the last contingency?
Joey will fear not Joey works on his Joey will not fear
being able to go article critique for not being able to
to the bar one hour go to the bar
Joey doesn’t fear
Joey fears not Joey works on his
not getting his
getting his article article critique for
article critique
critique finished one hour
finished
Joey fears not Joey works on his Joey doesn’t fear
being able to go article critique for not being able to
to the bar one hour go to the bar
A. A is the correct contingency
B. B is the correct contingency
C. C is the correct contingency

34. Congratulations! You’ve completed the
Three Contingency Model work show!
(Froggy here is very proud of you.)