The document discusses building a REST API with Symfony2 by using common bundles like FOSRestBundle, JMSSerializerBundle, and NelmioApiDocBundle. It provides examples of implementing CRUD operations for a Product entity, including request and response formats. It also covers testing the API with functional tests that make HTTP requests and assert responses.

1. REST in pratica
con Symfony2

2. @dlondero

7. DI SOLITO...

8. Richardson Maturity Model

9. NON
PARLIAMO DI...

10. PARLIAMO DI
COME FARE

11. COSA CI SERVE
•symfony/framework-standard-edition
•friendsofsymfony/rest-bundle
•jms/serializer-bundle
•nelmio/api-doc-bundle

12. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Entity/Product.php;
use SymfonyComponentValidatorConstraints as Assert;
use DoctrineORMMapping as ORM;
/**
* @ORMEntity
* @ORMTable(name="product")
*/
class Product
{
/**
* @ORMColumn(type="integer")
* @ORMId
* @ORMGeneratedValue(strategy="AUTO")
*/
protected $id;
/**
* @ORMColumn(type="string", length=100)
* @AssertNotBlank()
*/
protected $name;
/**
* @ORMColumn(type="decimal", scale=2)
*/
protected $price;
/**
* @ORMColumn(type="text")
*/
protected $description;

13. CRUD

14. Create
HTTP POST

15. Request
POST /products HTTP/1.1
Host: acme.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"name": "Product #1",
"price": 19.90,
"description": "Awesome product"
}

16. Response
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Location: http://acme.com/products/1
Content-Type: application/json
{
"product": {
"id": 1,
"name": "Product #1",
"price": 19.9,
"description": "Awesome product"
}

17. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Resources/config/routing.yml
acme_api_product_post:
pattern: /products
defaults: { _controller: AcmeApiBundle:ApiProduct:post,
_format: json }
requirements:
_method: POST

18. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Controller/ApiProductController.php
use FOSRestBundleViewView;
public function postAction(Request $request)
{
$product = $this->deserialize(
'AcmeApiBundleEntityProduct',
$request
);
if ($product instanceof Product === false) {
return View::create(array('errors' => $product), 400);
}
$em = $this->getEM();
$em->persist($product);
$em->flush();
$url = $this->generateUrl(
'acme_api_product_get_single',
array('id' => $product->getId()),
true
);
$response = new Response();
$response->setStatusCode(201);
$response->headers->set('Location', $url);
return $response;
}

19. Read
HTTP GET

20. Request
GET /products/1 HTTP/1.1
Host: acme.com

21. Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
{
"product": {
"id": 1,
"name": "Product #1",
"price": 19.9,
"description": "Awesome product"
}

22. public function getSingleAction(Product $product)
{
return array('product' => $product);
}

23. Update
HTTP PUT

24. Request
PUT /products/1 HTTP/1.1
Host: acme.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"name": "Product #1",
"price": 29.90,
"description": "Awesome product"
}

25. Response
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
{
"product": {
"id": 1,
"name": "Product #1",
"price": 29.90,
"description": "Awesome product"
}

26. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Controller/ApiProductController.php
use FOSRestBundleControllerAnnotationsView as RestView;
/**
* @RestView(statusCode=204)
*/
public function putAction(Product $product, Request $request)
{
$newProduct = $this->deserialize(
'AcmeApiBundleEntityProduct',
$request
);
if ($newProduct instanceof Product === false) {
return View::create(array('errors' => $newProduct), 400);
}
$product->merge($newProduct);
$this->getEM()->flush();
}

27. Partial Update
HTTP PATCH

28. Request
PATCH /products/1 HTTP/1.1
Host: acme.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"price": 39.90,
}

29. Response
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
{
"product": {
"id": 1,
"name": "Product #1",
"price": 39.90,
"description": "Awesome product"
}

30. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Controller/ApiProductController.php
use FOSRestBundleControllerAnnotationsView as RestView;
/**
* @RestView(statusCode=204)
*/
public function patchAction(Product $product, Request $request)
{
$validator = $this->get('validator');
$raw = json_decode($request->getContent(), true);
$product->patch($raw);
if (count($errors = $validator->validate($product))) {
return $errors;
}
$this->getEM()->flush();
}

31. Delete
HTTP DELETE

32. Request
DELETE /products/1 HTTP/1.1
Host: acme.com

33. Response
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content

34. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Controller/ApiProductController.php
use FOSRestBundleControllerAnnotationsView as RestView;
/**
* @RestView(statusCode=204)
*/
public function deleteAction(Product $product)
{
$em = $this->getEM();
$em->remove($product);
$em->flush();
}

35. Serialization

36. use JMSSerializerAnnotation as Serializer;
/**
* @SerializerExclusionPolicy("all")
*/
class Product
{
/**
* @SerializerExpose
* @SerializerType("integer")
*/
protected $id;
/**
* @SerializerExpose
* @SerializerType("string")
*/
protected $name;
/**
* @SerializerExpose
* @SerializerType("double")
*/
protected $price;
/**
* @SerializerExpose
* @SerializerType("string")
*/
protected $description;

37. Deserialization

38. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Controller/ApiController.php
protected function deserialize($class, Request $request, $format = 'json')
{
$serializer = $this->get('serializer');
$validator = $this->get('validator');
try {
$entity = $serializer->deserialize(
$request->getContent(),
$class,
$format
);
} catch (RuntimeException $e) {
throw new HttpException(400, $e->getMessage());
}
if (count($errors = $validator->validate($entity))) {
return $errors;
}
return $entity;
}

39. Testing

41. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Tests/Controller/ApiProductControllerTest.php
use LiipFunctionalTestBundleTestWebTestCase;
class ApiProductControllerTest extends WebTestCase
{
public function testPost()
{
$this->loadFixtures(array());
$product = array(
'name' => 'Product #1',
'price' => 19.90,
'description' => 'Awesome product',
);
$client = static::createClient();
$client->request(
'POST',
'/products',
array(), array(), array(),
json_encode($product)
);
$this->assertEquals(201, $client->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
$this->assertTrue($client->getResponse()->headers->has('Location'));
$this->assertContains(
"/products/1",
$client->getResponse()->headers->get('Location')
);
}

42. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Tests/Controller/ApiProductControllerTest.php
public function testPostValidation()
{
$this->loadFixtures(array());
$product = array(
'name' => '',
'price' => 19.90,
'description' => 'Awesome product',
);
$client = static::createClient();
$client->request(
'POST',
'/products',
array(), array(), array(),
json_encode($product)
);
$this->assertEquals(400, $client->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
}

43. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Tests/Controller/ApiProductControllerTest.php
public function testGetAction()
{
$this->loadFixtures(array(
'AcmeApiBundleTestsFixturesProduct',
));
$client = static::createClient();
$client->request('GET', '/products');
$this->isSuccessful($client->getResponse());
$response = json_decode($client->getResponse()->getContent());
$this->assertTrue(isset($response->products));
$this->assertCount(1, $response->products);
$product = $response->products[0];
$this->assertSame('Product #1', $product->name);
$this->assertSame(19.90, $product->price);
$this->assertSame('Awesome product!', $product->description);
}

44. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Tests/Fixtures/Product.php
use AcmeApiBundleEntityProduct as ProductEntity;
use DoctrineCommonPersistenceObjectManager;
use DoctrineCommonDataFixturesFixtureInterface;
class Product implements FixtureInterface
{
public function load(ObjectManager $em)
{
$product = new ProductEntity();
$product->setName('Product #1');
$product->setPrice(19.90);
$product->setDescription('Awesome product!');
$em->persist($product);
$em->flush();
}
}

45. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Tests/Controller/ApiProductControllerTest.php
public function testGetSingleAction()
{
$this->loadFixtures(array(
'AcmeApiBundleTestsFixturesProduct',
));
$client = static::createClient();
$client->request('GET', '/products/1');
$this->isSuccessful($client->getResponse());
$response = json_decode($client->getResponse()->getContent());
$this->assertTrue(isset($response->product));
$this->assertEquals(1, $response->product->id);
$this->assertSame('Product #1', $response->product->name);
$this->assertSame(19.90, $response->product->price);
$this->assertSame(
'Awesome product!',
$response->product->description
);
}

46. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Tests/Controller/ApiProductControllerTest.php
public function testPutAction()
{
$this->loadFixtures(array(
'AcmeApiBundleTestsFixturesProduct',
));
$product = array(
'name' => 'New name',
'price' => 39.90,
'description' => 'Awesome new description'
);
$client = static::createClient();
$client->request(
'PUT',
'/products/1',
array(), array(), array(),
json_encode($product)
);
$this->isSuccessful($client->getResponse());
$this->assertEquals(204, $client->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
}

47. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Tests/Controller/ApiProductControllerTest.php
/**
* @depends testPutAction
*/
public function testPutActionWithVerification()
{
$client = static::createClient();
$client->request('GET', '/products/1');
$this->isSuccessful($client->getResponse());
$response = json_decode($client->getResponse()->getContent());
$this->assertTrue(isset($response->product));
$this->assertEquals(1, $response->product->id);
$this->assertSame('New name', $response->product->name);
$this->assertSame(39.90, $response->product->price);
$this->assertSame(
'Awesome new description',
$response->product->description
);
}

48. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Tests/Controller/ApiProductControllerTest.php
public function testPatchAction()
{
$this->loadFixtures(array(
'AcmeApiBundleTestsFixturesProduct',
));
$patch = array(
'price' => 29.90
);
$client = static::createClient();
$client->request(
'PATCH',
'/products/1',
array(), array(), array(),
json_encode($patch)
);
$this->isSuccessful($client->getResponse());
$this->assertEquals(204, $client->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
}

49. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Tests/Controller/ApiProductControllerTest.php
public function testDeleteAction()
{
$this->loadFixtures(array(
'AcmeApiBundleTestsFixturesProduct',
));
$client = static::createClient();
$client->request('DELETE', '/products/1');
$this->assertEquals(204, $client->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
}

50. Documentation

52. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Controller/ApiProductController.php
use NelmioApiDocBundleAnnotationApiDoc;
/**
* Returns representation of a given product
*
* **Response Format**
*
*
{
*
"product": {
*
"id": 1,
*
"name": "Product #1",
*
"price": 19.9,
*
"description": "Awesome product"
*
}
*
}
*
* @ApiDoc(
*
section="Products",
*
statusCodes={
*
200="OK",
*
404="Not Found"
*
}
* )
*/
public function getSingleAction(Product $product)
{
return array('product' => $product);
}

55. Hypermedia?

56. There’s a bundle
for that™

57. willdurand/hateoas-bundle

58. fsc/hateoas-bundle

59. //src/Acme/ApiBundle/Entity/Product.php;
use JMSSerializerAnnotation as Serializer;
use FSCHateoasBundleAnnotation as Rest;
use DoctrineORMMapping as ORM;
/**
* @ORMEntity
* @ORMTable(name="product")
* @SerializerExclusionPolicy("all")
* @RestRelation(
*
"self",
*
href = @RestRoute("acme_api_product_get_single",
*
parameters = { "id" = ".id" })
* )
* @RestRelation(
*
"products",
*
href = @RestRoute("acme_api_product_get")
* )
*/
class Product
{
...
}

61. application/hal+json

63. GET /orders/523 HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org
Accept: application/hal+json
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/hal+json
{
"_links": {
"self": { "href": "/orders/523" },
"invoice": { "href": "/invoices/873" }
},
"currency": "USD",
"total": 10.20
}

64. “What needs to be done to make the REST
architectural style clear on the notion that
hypertext is a constraint? In other words, if the
engine of application state (and hence the API)
is not being driven by hypertext, then it cannot
be RESTful and cannot be a REST API. Period.
Is there some broken manual somewhere that
needs to be fixed?”
Roy Fielding

65. “Tuttavia, essendo pragmatici, a volte anche
un livello 2 ben fatto è garanzia di una buona
API...”
Daniel Londero

66. “But don’t call it RESTful. Period.”
Roy Fielding

67. “Ok.”
Daniel Londero

68. GRAZIE

69. @dlondero