Respond to TWO (2) of the following questions in essays of approximately 500 – 1000 words each (1-1/2 to 3 pages). 1. Why did nationalism become such a powerful force in the 19 th century? Was it, on balance, in your opinion, a positive or a negative force in the development of European civilization in the period between the French Revolution and the First World War? 2. List in order of importance what you consider to the chief causes of the First World War. Explain your choices. 3. The provisions of the Versailles Peace Treaty with Germany, agreed to by the Allied Powers at the Paris Peace Conference, were the worst possible settlement of the issues of the First World War --except for all of the other proposals that were made. Discuss. 4. A.J.P. Taylor writes, "The second World war was, in large part, a repeat performance of the first...Germany fought specifically in the second World war to reverse the verdict of the first and destroy the settlement which followed it...The first war explains the second and, in fact, caused it, in so far as one event causes another.” Do you agree? Why or why not? 5. Was the Cold War caused essentially by a conflict of systems (of values, institutions, ideologies) or by a conflict of interests (political, economic, military)? Or is this a useful distinction? Discuss. .