The South-Delhi fold belt has several basemetal prospects and deposits of which the Basantgarh multi-metal deposit occurring in the younger division of Delhi Super group (Ajabgarh Geological investigation in the deposit has established a mineralized strike length of 1000m approximatelyTotal Mineral Resources reported here is 3.28 MT @ 1.92% Cu, 1.37% Zn & 0.18% Pb.s the main mineralization is reported only in the eastern limb of the synform, IP resistivity survey may detect the hidden potential of Basantgarh extension in the western limb. In the North-Eastern part of the Block, there is an unexplored soil covered area which can be targeted by mobile-metal-Ion for target generation followed by drilling.

1. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
Anirban Das, Dhrubajyoti Nath & Vishwanath Uppugundari

2. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
OVERVIEW
 Importance of Copper Exploration
 Principle drivers of long-term growth in Copper Production
 Grade Tonnage relationship of Copper Deposits
 Indian scenario of VMS deposits
 Geological overview of Basantgarh-Ajari Area
 Surface Geological Plan of Basantgarh Mine
 Structural control of Basantgarh Area
 Drill hole data analysis of Basantgarh Area
 Longitudinal vertical Section of Basantgarh Area
 Level plan, Cross Section of Basantgarh Orebodies
 Block model Parameters & Validation
 Mineral Resource Statement
 Exploration Potential of Basantgarh
 Technologies for Exploration Discoveries
 Conclusion

3. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
IMPORTANCE OF COPPER EXPLORATION
 Global Cu production has steadily increased for the last 70
years, presently dominated by Chile with significant
contributions from the United States, Africa, Europe, China,
Latin America, Canada, and Australia.
 This pattern of increasing Cu production is coincident with
an increase in world reserves from 95.1 Mt Cu in 1934
(Barbour, 1934, cited in Furness and Meyer, 1937) to
resources of 1,861.3 Mt Cu in 2010 (Mudd et al., 2013a).
 Importance of Exploration for increase Resources & reserves
of Copper in the country may lead to increase in copper
production in times to come.
Distribution of Copper Resources & Reserves
Historical Copper Production by Country

4. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
PRINCIPLE DRIVERS OF LONGTERM GROWTH IN COPPER PRODUCTION
The principal drivers (or enablers) of the long-term growth
in Cu production:
 Improved technology (especially the flotation for sulfide ores from
1920s)
 The rise of solvent extraction-electrowinning from the 1970s
 Larger, more efficient mining haul trucks and safer explosives in open-
cut mining)
 Cost effective energy (i.e., electricity and diesel)
 Chemical inputs (especially flotation reagents)
 Availability and costs of labor and expertise
 Favorable Geology (i.e., as grades decline the deposits become larger,
enabling larger project scales)-Low Cut-off Mining
 Successful Exploration (especially the rise of VMS, porphyry deposits)
 Growing demand and uses for Cu

5. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
GRADE-TONNAGE RELATIONSHIP OF COPPER DEPOSITS
Taken from “GROWING GLOBAL COPPER RESOURCES, RESERVES, AND
PRODUCTION”
By Gavin M. Mudd and Simon M. Jowitt
 Relationship between ore grades and contained Cu for mineral resources (top) and
mineral reserves (bottom).
 For resources, 76 deposits have <0.001 Mt Cu, and two deposits are <0.01% Cu;
 For reserves, five deposits have <0.001 Mt Cu, and one deposit has <0.01% Cu.
Key Points:
 Cu at high ore grades (>5% Cu) is of low tonnage (<1 Mt Cu).
 Tonnage increases as grades decline so that between 0.2 and 4% Cu. Deposits can reach
giant sizes (10–100 Mt Cu).
 If grades further decline below 0.2% Cu the contained Cu drops rapidly (<1 Mt Cu).
Enabling larger project scales-Low Cut-off Modelling For Copper

6. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
INDIAN SCENARIO OF VMS DEPOSITS
 According to the metal ratios of Zn, Pb and
copper, the Ambaji-Deri ore belongs to Kuroko
type of deposits hosted by bimodal volcanic
rocks (Bhattacharjee et al., 1988).
 All others (including Basantgarh) seemed to be
Cu-Zn type Back Arc type and Cyprus type
deposit.
 Although all these prospects are small and/or
low grade, the belt continues to attract
considerable Exploration interest.
 The pyrite of this area are strikingly co-rich
ranging from 800ppm to 1000 ppm.
Ambaji
Deri
Pindwara
Danva
Pipela
Basantgarh
South

7. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
INDIAN SCENARIO OF VMS DEPOSITS
Deposit Name Length (m) Avg Width (m)
Tonnes
(Mt) Zn (%) Cu (%) Pb (%)
Ag
(ppm)
Au
(ppm)
Kalabar
305
0.17-9.06
1.25 1.25 0.36
45 0.19 0.19 0.66
Chitar 300 1.5
Birantya-Khurd
(North block)
250 1.5 (max) 0.045 10.6 4.6 5.1
Basantgarh 1150 0.5-12 3.58 1.27 1.74 100
Pipela 550 0.2-12 1.5 0.5 to 0.7
0.5 to
2.7
5 to 80
Golia 850 1.4-7.1 1 up to 2.5 0.7-1.4
Ajari 200 0.5 to 12 0.65
0.57 to
3.3
0.2 to
1.9
20
Danva 235 1-3.35 0.31 6.42 1.4 0.53 10-110 0.1-14
Deri 1000 8 1 7.32 1.98 4.4
Ambaji 2140 7 to 12 8.29 5.52 1.75 4.91 2-130
Source Data: (1) Raghunandan et al (1981); (2) Bhattacharya et al. (1991, 1993); (3) Mukherjee et al. (1992) &
Mukherjee & Bhattacharya (1997); (4) Geological Survey of India (1994)

8. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
GEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF BASANTGARH-AJARI AREA
 The South-Delhi fold belt has several basemetal prospects and deposits of
which the Basantgarh multi-metal deposit occurring in the younger division
of Delhi Super group (Ajabgarh Group)
 The Ajabgarh group of rocks comprises of metamorphosed rocks including
biotite-quartz-schist, amphibole-quartz-schist and amphibolites
 The general trend of the rocks are NE-SW and dips vary from 60° to 80° due
SE
 Geological investigation in the deposit has established a mineralized strike
length of 1000m approximately
 The general trend of the orebody is N25°E to S25°W. The ore-mineralization
is found associated with epidote-amphibole-chlorite-schist

9. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
SURFACE GEOLOGICAL PLAN OF BASANTGARH MINE
299400
E
299400
E
299600
E
299600
E
299800
E
299800
E
300000
E
300000
E
300200
E
300200
E
300400
E
300400
E
300600
E
300600
E
2735800 N
2735800 N
2736000 N
2736000 N
2736200 N
2736200 N
2736400 N
2736400 N
2736600 N
2736600 N
2736800 N
2736800 N
2737000 N
2737000 N
2737200 N
2737200 N
2737400 N
2737400 N
2737600 N
2737600 N
Holes BG (drillholes) : CUEQ
[0.2,0.49]
[0.5,1]
[1.01,CEILING]
L1 Lens
L2 Lens
Field evidence of (A) Historical Dump; (B) Orebody trend along the river; (C) Highly
oxidized gossanised horizon, (D) Slag area
Sl No Pb (%) Zn (%) Cu (%)
1 0.257 0.003 0.07
2 0.226 0.006 0.02
3 0.190 0.003 0.72
4 0.086 0.010 0.57
5 0.042 0.005 0.05
Chemical analysis of Gossanised zone Chemical analysis of Slag
Sl No Pb (%) Zn (%) Cu (%)
1 0.062 0.0037 0.50
2 0.073 0.0025 0.41

10. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
STRUCTURAL CONTROL OF BASANTGARH AREA
SL NO Particulars Description
01 Schistosity Strike varies from N20°E- S20°W to NE-SW with steep
dips (60° to vertical) towards SE.
02 Joint 1 One set is parallel to bedding plane steep dips (60° to
vertical) towards SE.
03 Joint 2 Another set is of transverse joints trending NE-SW with
steep south-westerly dips.
04 Folding Open and slightly overturned synform plunging about
10° towards NNE.
05 Mineralization
Control
Eastern limb is nearly vertical, and the mineralization is
found only along this limb.
06 Orebody The general trend of the orebody is (N25°E- S25°W), dip
being steep towards east. The lodes are disposed in
parallel en-echelon pattern.

11. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
DRILLHOLE DATA ANALYSIS BASANTGARH MINES
Binary plot of L1 and L 2 lens from composite drill hole
(ABQS: Actinolite-Biotite Quartz Schist, QBS: Quartz biotite
Schist, QBSS: Quartz-biotite-sericite-schist, VQ: vein Quartz).
Incremental histogram plot of L 1 lens composite drill hole file
Mean Values (Cu=2.394% & Zn=1.477%)
Incremental histogram plot of L 2 lens composite drill hole file
Mean Values (Cu=1.456% & Zn=1.262%)

12. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
LONGITUDINAL VERTICAL SECTION (L1 & L2 LENS)
Cutoff Grade:
 We have Prepared the ore envelop at 0.5% Copper
Equivalent.
 0.5% grade has been devised based on the
economic viability and considering the other
factors like metal recovery in mining and
smelting process and cost of different services.
LVS Model:
 A two-dimensional sectional interpretation was
carried out using the drill holes information.
Sections were created based on drill hole location,
at an approximate section line spacing of 50m.
 It appeared that there is a depth potential of the
Orebody.

13. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
LEVEL PLAN OF BASANTGARH AREA
 Basemetal mineralisation has taken place in
eastern limb of synform.
 The general trend of the orebody is N25°E to
S25°W.
 The strike interval between two holes is
generally 50m to 60m. Hence, influence of last
borehole was assumed for 25m on outer side.

14. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTION OF BASANTGARH AREA
 Geological cross section along BGS-22 &
BGS-26 (along correlated L1 Lens).
 Main Ore Lens is situated within Actinolite-
Quartz-Schist.
 While resource calculation, upper limit was
taken at 330 mRL (depth of oxidation).

15. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
BLOCK MODEL PARAMETERS Parameter Details
Parent block Size in X (m) 25
Parent block Size in Y (m) 25
Parent block Size in Z (m) 25
X Origin 299600
Y Origin 2735900
Z Origin 70
No of Block in X direction 35
No of Block in Y direction 45
No of Block in Z direction 15
 The parent block size of 25 m along the X direction, 25
m along the Y direction, and 25 m along the Z
direction were created based on the drilling density &
thickness of the orebody.
 Shape & Axis Length of Ellipsoid: (100, 150, 25).
 Rotation Angle: (315, 85, 0)
 Rotation Axis: (3, 1, 3)
Plan View
Long Section

16. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
BLOCK MODEL VALIDATION
Lens1
Lens2

17. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
MINERAL RESOURCE STATEMENT
Lens Volume Tonnage (T) Tonnage (MT) Density Cu (%) Pb (%) Zn (%)
L1 532613 1597838 1.60 3 2.43 0.16 1.49
L2 561367 1684102 1.68 3 1.43 0.19 1.25
Total Mineral Resources 3.28 1.92 0.18 1.37
Mineral Resource statement for Basantgarh Mine:
Level wise grade and tonnage distribution from the estimated block model:
 Total Mineral Resources reported here
is 3.28 MT @ 1.92% Cu, 1.37% Zn
& 0.18% Pb.
 The level wise distribution of ore
indicates that there is an increase of
ore tonnage and grade from 200
mRL and below due to thickening of
the orebody which may continue
further in depth.

18. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
EXPLORATION POTENTIAL OF BASANTGARH
 The main mineralization is reported
only in the eastern limb of the synform,
IP resistivity survey may detect the
hidden potential of Basantgarh
extension in the western limb and in
deeper part of eastern Limb as well.
 Northeastern part of the Block having
an unexplored soil covered area which
can be targeted by mobile-metal-Ion for
target generation followed by drilling.
 Multi-leg directional drilling technology
can also be used for exploring depth
potential.

19. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
EXAMPLES OF DEEPSEATED VMS DEPOSITS
Cross-sections through VMS deposits in the Teutonic Bore camp,
Eastern Goldfields Super-terrane
a) Daimler; b) Teutonic Bore; c) Jaguar; d) Bentley
Reference: (Modified from Ellis, 2004; Belford, 2010; Independence
Group NL,2011, 2012)
‘Deep EM’ anomaly (Ellis, 2004)
 The geophysical anomaly which led to the discovery of the deposit
5.9 m @ 2.2% Zn 0.4% Pb, 58 g/t Ag
 Second drill hole tested the conductor intersected
7.7 m @ 4.3% Cu, 16.1% Zn, 0.8% Pb, 173 g/t Ag and 0.24 g/t Au

20. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
DEEP DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
Directional Drilling Shea Creek
Directional Drilling in Newfoundland

21. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m
CONCLUSION
 The present study has evaluated the resources and identified the potential targets in the study area.
 Reserves & resources have been evaluated based on previous Exploration drilling data i.e., 3.28Mt @1.92 % Cu and
1.37% Zn.
 The interpretation of the prepared longitudinal vertical section indicates that there is a potential for the orebody to
continue in depth.
 Low resistivity and high chargeability are expected in disseminated type of volcanogenic massive sulphide system. As
the main mineralization is reported only in the eastern limb of the synform, IP resistivity survey may detect the hidden
potential of Basantgarh extension in the western limb.
 In the North-Eastern part of the Block, there is an unexplored soil covered area which can be targeted by mobile-metal-
Ion for target generation followed by drilling.

22. w w w . g m d c l t d . c o m