2. RESEARCH PLANNING
A research plan is the main part of a grant application
and describes a principal investigator's proposed
research. The research plan gives a principal investigator
the opportunity to discuss proposed research, stating its
importance and how it will be conducted.
3. BASIC STATISTICAL TOOLS
IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
• KINDS OF DATA NEEDED IN EDUCATIONAL
PLANNING
• COLLECTION OF STATISTICAL DATA
• DATA PROCESSING, STORAGE, AND RETRIEVAL
4. BASIC STATISTICAL TOOLS IN EDUCATIONAL
PLANNING
The Department of Education Planning Division States the main purpose of
educational statistics maybe summarized as follows:
• To forecast the demand for education of different kinds and to estimate
the future stock of students in different educational sectors in order to
ensure the adequate educational resources teachers, buildings, equipment
- are available at the right time
• To forecast the future outflow of indivuduals with different kinds of
education
• To estimate the future costs for educational system
• To give data useful for educational research
• To give information for the current administration of educational sector
• To give a broad description of the educational sector for the general
public.
5. KINDS OF DATA NEEDED IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
A. Types of data required for different purposes
Stock data - describe the situation of educational
system at a given point of time, in terms of total
number of schools, teachers, and students for each
type of level of educational.
Flow data - describe the internal dynamics of the
educational system.
6. B. Educational statistics can be controlled on an
individualized or an aggregate basis
Individualized data - provide information about
each individual or student or teacher in a
considerably detailed basis.
Aggregated data - provide information on students
and teachers distributed by sex, age, subject areas,
etc.
7. C. Background information which are of vital interest to the
educational planner are those related to the development of
the population and the economy of the country and those
which express needs for education.
Demigraphic data - the basic population data used are the
previous and projected single-year, sex-age groups of the
school age population (approximately 5-20 years).
Manpower data - educational planning is closely
interrelated with manpower planning.
8. Manpower data that are needed in educational planning
include:
• Economically active population distributed by the
economic sector and eductional attainment by age,sex,and
occupation
• Information or non-active population by age, sex, and
educational attainment.
Economic data - as to the economic data needed, the
gross national product (GNP) or the griss national
income should provide basic information.
9. D. Educational Statistics
• The proper classification of data in presenting statistics on schools,
classes, students, and teachers maybe as follows:
• By authority which is responsible for schools
• By level and school cycle
Distinctions among different levels of education
Elementary (Primary and Intermediate) - by school cycle that maybe presented
by the grade or year.
Secondary level - between academic or general, vocational, technical, etc
Class and Students - make further supervisions on mathematics,
communication arts, social sciences, etc.
Tertiary level - students are duvide by line of study.
10. Data on Students - the most essential source of information
in educational planning is that concerns the students.
Data on Teachers - as teachers salaries contribute the largest
item in the educational budget, a proper planning of the
future demand for teachers and their utilization is essential.
11. COLLECTION OF STATISTICAL DATA
Basic statistical data for educational planning can be obtained in six
ways, all which can be utilized by well-organized program of
educational statistics per DECS, are as follows:
• Regular censuses of students, teachers, graduates, etc. in all
educational institutions
• Regular sample survey of students, teachers, etc. in all schools or a
sample of them
• Ad hoc surveys at irregular intervals
• Population censuses
• Sample surveys drawn from population censuses
• Routine reporting of data obtained as by - product of educational
administration.
12. DATA PROCESSING, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
The needs in educational statistics are related to the development of
the educational planning machinery. Where planning has reached a
sophisticated level, the demands are even greater as to the amount of
information.
Methods of processing, storage, and retrieval of data:
• Input System - transfers the original data to form which is suitable
for processing
• Arithmetic unit - consists of desk calculators, punched-card
operated machines or computers.
