The document discusses U.S. foreign policy with Iran from 2012-2013. It provides background on the geography and history of tensions between the two countries, including the Iranian hostage crisis and Bush labeling Iran part of the "Axis of Evil." It examines how the U.S. has applied sanctions, diplomacy, and military deterrence to address Iran's nuclear program, and analyzes four key aspects of strategic competition between the two countries. While sanctions have weakened Iran's economy, negotiations have so far failed to stop Iran's nuclear progress.
RMC Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update - January 2019ChadCogan
In this edition of RMC's Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update, a ‘resurgent’ al Qaeda is looking to target aviation in Europe, while conversely, recent arrests highlight the ongoing threat posed by domestic terrorists in the Homeland. Separately, the U.K. experienced another temporary airport shutdown after a non-attributable UAS sighting in the vicinity of the airport.
RMC Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update - January 2019ChadCogan
In this edition of RMC's Intelligence and Analysis Division Open Source Update, a ‘resurgent’ al Qaeda is looking to target aviation in Europe, while conversely, recent arrests highlight the ongoing threat posed by domestic terrorists in the Homeland. Separately, the U.K. experienced another temporary airport shutdown after a non-attributable UAS sighting in the vicinity of the airport.
BAKER DONELSON - IRAQ STUDY GROUP REPORT FINDINGSVogelDenise
17 USC § 107 (LIMITATIONS On EXCLUSIVE Rights - FAIR USE)
BUILDING THE CASE:
For those who KNOW about the United States DESPOTISM Government Regime that appears is RUN/CONTROLLED by the KLAN’s and JEW’s/ZIONIST’s Law Firm of Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, it is IMPORTANT for the PUBLIC/WORLD to see for themselves (IF they WANT to SEE) and KNOW who the STRING-PULLER(S) are in the release of the FALSE “The Iraq Study Group Report”- - none other than the Law Firm of Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz – When the United States is CONFRONTED on such TERRORIST/CRIMINAL Acts, it ALWAYS “THROW” their SCAPEGOATS out to TAKE THE FALL rather than TAKE RESPONSIBILITY for their CRIMES. This document has been prepared for CASE BUILDING PURPOSES for those who want to see that the United States DESPOTISM Government Regime Officials are BROUGHT TO JUSTICE and PROSECUTED for their DOMESTIC and INTERNATIONAL Terrorist Acts!
The meteoric rise of ISIS has justifiably spurred an examination of which U.S. policies might have led to a less dire outcome in territories now controlled by the group. One common focus is the Obama administration's decision to forgo a troop presence in Iraq after 2011. However, while troops would have given Washington more leverage, the question of whether they could have prevented the rise of ISIS is hardly clear-cut.
In this new Policy Note, James F. Jeffrey, who served as U.S. ambassador to Iraq from 2010 to 2012, draws on his intimate experience with the troop-basing issue to explain what really happened three years ago. By discussing complex factors such as judicial immunity for American forces, political shifts in Baghdad, and rhetorical shifts within the Obama administration, he outlines lessons that Washington can draw from the Islamic State's ascendance.
Read Ambassador Jeffrey's accompanying Wall Street Journal article "Behind the U.S. Withdrawal From Iraq":
http://online.wsj.com/articles/james-franklin-jeffrey-behind-the-u-s-withdrawal-from-iraq-1414972705
It is the core purpose of the Atlantic Council to foster bipartisan support for policies that promote the security of the United States and the transatlantic community. The signatories of this piece have either served in Afghanistan, been involved in the formation of US policy in government, or otherwise devoted considerable time to Afghan affairs. They have come together to register a broad, bipartisan consensus in support of certain principles that they believe should guide policy formation and decision-making on Afghanistan during the remainder of the Obama administration and the first year of a new administration, of whichever party. It is critical that the current administration prepare the path for the next. A new president will come into office facing a wave of instability in the Islamic world and the threat from violent extremism, which stretches from Asia through the Middle East to Africa. This will continue to pose a considerable challenge and danger to American interests abroad, and to the homeland. The signatories support the continued US engagement required to protect American interests and increase the possibilities for Afghan success.
Running head: FOREIGN POLICY
FOREIGN POLICY 2
United States Foreign Policy on Iran Nuclear Program
Student’s Name
Affiliation
United States Foreign Policy on Iran
Introduction
A foreign policy is an action plan that is established by a certain nation in its diplomatic interaction with another nation of interest (Davis, 2011). These policies are meant to stipulate a way forward on any contentious issues that are bound to come up between the two countries. The United States has developed a unique foreign policy for each country depending on economic, social and political needs among others. United States and Iran share an informal diplomatic tie which is indicated through having no ambassadors in their countries. Iran has some interest section within the Pakistan Embassy in Washington D.C while US interest section is via the Swiss embassy in Tehran (Davis, 2011). Increased interests saw the development of a virtual embassy online by the US in 2011. The main interest of the United States is to establish peace in the Gulf Region so as to continue benefiting from international trade, a major foreign exchange earner. By the year 2008, the trade between United States and Iran stood at $623 million (Ilias, 2010). The United States Census Bureau has observed a steady increase in American exports to Iran since the year 2007. The statistics do not include commercial activities through third party countries due to the established trade embargo. The United States Treasury Department issued approximately 11,000 special licenses to American organizations over the past ten years to directly trade with Iran (Ilias, 2010). Subsequent surveys by The United States Census Bureau in 2014 have indicated over $175 billion losses in trade and 279,000 lost job opportunities based on sanctions. This is a major economic concern for the United States and reducing the number of sanctions is a top priority in boosting the economy. This is one area in which the United States is striving to make changes through its foreign policies. Specifically, the nuclear threats posed by Iran are an issue of concern for the United States because of the unstable political environment in the Gulf Region. Increased insecurity in the region would translate to huge economic losses to the United States.
Iran Nuclear Programs
The current United State’s Obama administration has been concerned with nuclear development in Iran. The United States fails to recognize Iran’s right to nuclear power, thus persistence in halting the progress of related programs. Sanctions have been the main mode of controlling the Iran nuclear advancement initiatives, specifically the Iranian economy isolation meant to interrupt the circulation of money (Juneau & Razavi, 2013). The lon.
BAKER DONELSON - IRAQ STUDY GROUP REPORT FINDINGSVogelDenise
17 USC § 107 (LIMITATIONS On EXCLUSIVE Rights - FAIR USE)
BUILDING THE CASE:
For those who KNOW about the United States DESPOTISM Government Regime that appears is RUN/CONTROLLED by the KLAN’s and JEW’s/ZIONIST’s Law Firm of Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, it is IMPORTANT for the PUBLIC/WORLD to see for themselves (IF they WANT to SEE) and KNOW who the STRING-PULLER(S) are in the release of the FALSE “The Iraq Study Group Report”- - none other than the Law Firm of Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz – When the United States is CONFRONTED on such TERRORIST/CRIMINAL Acts, it ALWAYS “THROW” their SCAPEGOATS out to TAKE THE FALL rather than TAKE RESPONSIBILITY for their CRIMES. This document has been prepared for CASE BUILDING PURPOSES for those who want to see that the United States DESPOTISM Government Regime Officials are BROUGHT TO JUSTICE and PROSECUTED for their DOMESTIC and INTERNATIONAL Terrorist Acts!
The meteoric rise of ISIS has justifiably spurred an examination of which U.S. policies might have led to a less dire outcome in territories now controlled by the group. One common focus is the Obama administration's decision to forgo a troop presence in Iraq after 2011. However, while troops would have given Washington more leverage, the question of whether they could have prevented the rise of ISIS is hardly clear-cut.
In this new Policy Note, James F. Jeffrey, who served as U.S. ambassador to Iraq from 2010 to 2012, draws on his intimate experience with the troop-basing issue to explain what really happened three years ago. By discussing complex factors such as judicial immunity for American forces, political shifts in Baghdad, and rhetorical shifts within the Obama administration, he outlines lessons that Washington can draw from the Islamic State's ascendance.
Read Ambassador Jeffrey's accompanying Wall Street Journal article "Behind the U.S. Withdrawal From Iraq":
http://online.wsj.com/articles/james-franklin-jeffrey-behind-the-u-s-withdrawal-from-iraq-1414972705
It is the core purpose of the Atlantic Council to foster bipartisan support for policies that promote the security of the United States and the transatlantic community. The signatories of this piece have either served in Afghanistan, been involved in the formation of US policy in government, or otherwise devoted considerable time to Afghan affairs. They have come together to register a broad, bipartisan consensus in support of certain principles that they believe should guide policy formation and decision-making on Afghanistan during the remainder of the Obama administration and the first year of a new administration, of whichever party. It is critical that the current administration prepare the path for the next. A new president will come into office facing a wave of instability in the Islamic world and the threat from violent extremism, which stretches from Asia through the Middle East to Africa. This will continue to pose a considerable challenge and danger to American interests abroad, and to the homeland. The signatories support the continued US engagement required to protect American interests and increase the possibilities for Afghan success.
Running head: FOREIGN POLICY
FOREIGN POLICY 2
United States Foreign Policy on Iran Nuclear Program
Student’s Name
Affiliation
United States Foreign Policy on Iran
Introduction
A foreign policy is an action plan that is established by a certain nation in its diplomatic interaction with another nation of interest (Davis, 2011). These policies are meant to stipulate a way forward on any contentious issues that are bound to come up between the two countries. The United States has developed a unique foreign policy for each country depending on economic, social and political needs among others. United States and Iran share an informal diplomatic tie which is indicated through having no ambassadors in their countries. Iran has some interest section within the Pakistan Embassy in Washington D.C while US interest section is via the Swiss embassy in Tehran (Davis, 2011). Increased interests saw the development of a virtual embassy online by the US in 2011. The main interest of the United States is to establish peace in the Gulf Region so as to continue benefiting from international trade, a major foreign exchange earner. By the year 2008, the trade between United States and Iran stood at $623 million (Ilias, 2010). The United States Census Bureau has observed a steady increase in American exports to Iran since the year 2007. The statistics do not include commercial activities through third party countries due to the established trade embargo. The United States Treasury Department issued approximately 11,000 special licenses to American organizations over the past ten years to directly trade with Iran (Ilias, 2010). Subsequent surveys by The United States Census Bureau in 2014 have indicated over $175 billion losses in trade and 279,000 lost job opportunities based on sanctions. This is a major economic concern for the United States and reducing the number of sanctions is a top priority in boosting the economy. This is one area in which the United States is striving to make changes through its foreign policies. Specifically, the nuclear threats posed by Iran are an issue of concern for the United States because of the unstable political environment in the Gulf Region. Increased insecurity in the region would translate to huge economic losses to the United States.
Iran Nuclear Programs
The current United State’s Obama administration has been concerned with nuclear development in Iran. The United States fails to recognize Iran’s right to nuclear power, thus persistence in halting the progress of related programs. Sanctions have been the main mode of controlling the Iran nuclear advancement initiatives, specifically the Iranian economy isolation meant to interrupt the circulation of money (Juneau & Razavi, 2013). The lon.
NameInstitutionCourse Academic term Critical thinking pape.docxrosemarybdodson23141
Name
Institution
Course
Academic term
Critical thinking paper
Although the United States and the Middle East are physically apart, the United States has influenced the region more than any other country in the world. From strategic interests, competition with the Soviet Union and now Russia, American relationship with the region has ranged from diplomatic friendship to costly wars. Strong cultural ties between the United States and the Middle East, its economic interest in pursuit if the region’s oil reserves and the question of American- Israeli relations have also contributed to America’s foreign policy towards the region and how Arabs view Americans. The top three issues that have significantly contributed to my understanding of this course are the Palestine -Israeli conflict, the war on terrorism, and prevention of nuclear proliferation and weapons of mass destruction.
The Palestine-Israel conflict is perhaps one of the main issues that have contributed to the understanding of the relationship between the United States and the Middle East. This conflict started in 1917 when Britain was given the mandate to create a national home for the Jews by the Balfour declaration. The Arabs resented the movement of Jews into their land, while the Jews claimed that Palestine was their original home. After the Holocaust, the United Nations divided the region of Palestine into two states, one for the Arabs and the other for Jews, but the Arabs rejected the move and a series of conflict started. This conflict has been characterized by terror raids into Israeli territories and Israeli reprisals[footnoteRef:2]. [2: Mark Green, ed., Persecution, Privilege & Power: Reconsidering the Zionist Narrative in American Life, Thirty Essential Articles on the Most Pressing Issue of our Time (2007):]
This conflict is of major significance to American relationship with the Middle East because the United States has continuously supported what the Arabs call the Zionist regime, while Arab nations have always backed Palestine. American support for Israel has come in the form of foreign aid and military equipment, but this has made American relationship with other Arab countries and Palestine a problematic one[footnoteRef:3]. The United States stance to veto an appeal for the creation of an Islamic state by Mahmuod Abbas has contributed to worsen the relationship between the United States and the Middle East. Israel has been accused of killing Palestinians, destroying villages, restricting movement in the West Bank region, destroying olive gardens, assassinating Palestinian leaders and continuing with settlement of Palestinian territories. These acts have been condemned by Arabs nations as acts of terrorism and since the United States is a key ally of Israel, Palestinians perceive it as supporting acts of terrorism. [3: Mearsheimer, John J., and Stephen M. Walt. 2007. The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. http://catalog..
Running head Security challenges and government’s management .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: Security challenges and government’s management 1
2
Security challenges and government’s management
Security challenges in the US and Governments management of security challenges
Vibert Jacob
South University
My topic of discussion is on security challenges in the US and the government’s management of these challenges. How does the US Government manage the security challenges in the country? The US faces many security challenges which include cyber terrorism, Iran’s dominance in the Middle East, Increase in Chinese provocations in South China Sea, Russia’s military expansion and Al Qaida taking over for ISIS. The main focus or objective of my paper will be the strategies and measures the US Government is taking to deal with these security challenges. I will also focus on how these challenges affect the US and reasons why these security issues are a main concern to the country.
In addressing each security challenge, I plan to discuss the government’s efforts in the past in managing them and the current or planned strategies the government is using. What efforts is put by the US government into managing the security challenges in the country? The US faces security challenges both within the country and outside the country. From within the country, challenges such as changing climate is a natural security issue because it poses a threat to the US infrastructure, agriculture, population and economy. There is also a worsening cyber security front where individuals and criminal groups hack both private and public entities which results in loss of billions of dollars in damages. Persistent terrorist attacks from small groups that are done domestically also poses as a security challenge. Most of these threats have been facing the US for years and there is need to focus on them because they affect us daily.
In this study, I expect to face ethical issues which include informed consent from my sources, respect for anonymity and confidentiality from my sources and respect for privacy. I intend to respect all my informants wishes for privacy and confidentiality and wherever necessary, I plan to acquire permission from the relevant authorities to get access to the information am looking for. The government has made efforts to manage security challenges in the country and I plan to discuss this in detail and the impact it has to the country currently and in future.
My research methodology in collecting information will involve published articles related to security threats in the US, TV programs, interviews with the relevant authorities in the government who handle security threats in the country, interviews with individuals who have been affected with the security threats in the country, surveys. To get my information, I plan to visit the Homeland Security offices and conduct interviews with the employees and hopefully the administrator. I will also condu ...
This blog presents a clear picture of Iranian nuclear program and security concerns of major powers and nuclear negotiations reaching a culminating point of ultimate disaster.
Similar to Research paper us foreign policy and iran 2 3 (14)
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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1. Course number: MLMLA 6393: Current Issues on U.S. Foreign Policy
Student: Syeda Rizvi
Adj. Professor Armando Armendariz, JD
Semester: Summer I, 2013
Final Exam
United States Foreign Policy with Iran 2012-2013
What is the physical and human geography of Iran like?
Physically, Iran consists of a complex of mountain chains enclosing a series of interior
basins that lie at altitudes of 1,000 to 4,000 feet above sea-level. These mountain ranges rise
steeply from sea-level on the North and on the south, and equally abruptly from the very flat and
extremely low-lying plain of Mesopotamia to the west. Eastward, and also in the extreme north-
west, the highlands extend beyond Iran in the form of largely continuous and uninterrupted
features: in the first area they are prolonged as the massifs of Afghanistan and Baluchistan (West
Pakistan), and in the north-west as the plate uplands of Russian Azerbaijan and eastern Asia
Minor.
What have US-Iranian relations been like historically?
The history between the U.S. and Iran is a continuous source of conflict with the potential
to explode into a more severe conflict with global consequences.
- Iranian Hostage Crisis On November 4, 1979,: a group of Iranian students stormed the
American Embassy in Tehran and took 63 American Embassy personnel hostage. The specific
grievance of the students (the hostage takers) focused on the Shah and his relationship with the
U.S. In October 1979,
2. - Beyond the Hostage Crisis: Within a day of Reagan taking the oath of presidency, the hostages
were released and returned stateside. However, during President Reagan's administration, there
was little to no improvement in U.S.-Iran relations. In 1983, Hezbollah conducted a series of
anti-American terrorist attacks, and in 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that Iran
supported the terrorist organization. The Iran-Contra scandal followed the Hezbollah attacks.
During the Iran-Contra scandal, the U.S. illegally sold weapons to Iran and used the profits to
support the Contras in Nicaragua.
Thawing Relations: The election of reformist Mohammad Khatami in 1997 brought a sense of
optimism for U.S.-Iran relations. Throughout his campaign and post-election, Khatami expressed
that he wanted to improve Iranian relations with the U.S. In his first major campaign speech,
Khatami suggested that if the U.S. changed its bad behavior, the U.S. and Iran could have normal
relations.[vi] This was a major shift from the past leadership of Khomeini who believed that Iran
and the U.S. could never have normal relations.
Axis of Evil : There have been no improvements in U.S.-Iran relations during the Bush
Administration. In his State of the Union Address in 2002, President Bush labeled Iran as part of
the ‘Axis of Evil,' outraging the Iranian leadership. Iran responded with a public statement: "the
Islamic Republic is proud to be a target of the hate and anger of the world's greatest evil; we
never seek to be praised by American officials."
Implications of U.S.-Iran Relations
3. ← U.S.-Iran relations are linked to the energy interests and security of the
international community. Over 20 percent of world oil supply is transported daily through
the Strait. If already tense relations were to escalate between the U.S. and Iran, Iran could
retaliate by attempting to close or disrupt traffic in the Strait of Hormuz. This, in turn,
may result in an armed confrontation between the U.S. and Iran, which undoubtedly
involve the Middle East region as a whole.
What is nuclear proliferation?
Nuclear proliferation is the increasing worldwide availability of nuclear weapons, nuclear
knowledge, and nuclear materials such as enriched uranium or plutonium. It has long been a
stated concern of politicians and nuclear arms control advocates, though the actual effort devoted
to such goals has varied. Nuclear weapons technology was first developed by the Manhattan
Project of the United States in July 1945.
The controversy surrounding Iran’s pursuit of nuclear technology.
Iran’s nuclear weapons program was part of a broader attempt to become more self-
reliant in arms and technology in the 1980s. Increasingly isolated, Tehran struggled to acquire
arms to fight Iraq, which used chemical weapons and had a nuclear weapons program. The eight-
year war was the Middle East’s bloodiest modern conflict. Iran’s nuclear program was an
outgrowth of this experience.
Ways in which the United States has applied its diplomatic, economic, and military tools to
the current situation with Iran:
1. Permanently stopping all open and safeguarded enrichment in Iran
4. 2. Maximizing U.S. security so that Iran is locked in to a system of comprehensive safeguards
and surveillance nationwide.
3. Giving diplomacy time to be effective.
4. Promoting democracy and freedom in Iran effectively – through self-restraint.
4. Open a dialog to pursue common interests in Iraq and Afghanistan.
5. Convincing Israel that restraint is in its interest and reenergizing the Arab-Israeli peace
process.
The Uncertain Result: Giving Diplomacy Near Term Priority But Building New Levels of
Containment, Deterrence, and Security
Sanctions and diplomacy are the best of a bad (or at least highly uncertain) set of options,
but it is far from clear that they will stop Iran‘s progress toward a nuclear weapons capability.
The lack of diplomatic progress, and the appearance that the Iranians are stalling for time,
negotiations may still be successful. Successful negotiations might also bring about long-term
changes in the US-Iranian relationship.
Pressuring Iran to halt its nuclear program was again the top U.S. diplomatic concern,
and U.S.-inspired economic sanctions imposed by Western allies on the Iranian regime continued
to weaken the country’s oil exports, currency, and economy. The measures failed to produce
negotiation breakthroughs during 2012, however, much to the dismay of the Israeli government,
which had applied pressure for an allied (or unilateral) military strike on Iran’s nuclear
capability. U.S.-Israeli relations were strained throughout the year. While restraining Israel,
Washington also quietly negotiated with Persian Gulf allies to cooperate on a missile-defense
system to counter any future Iranian threat. The standoff produced competing cyberattacks,
including penetration of Iranian official computers by a mysterious data-mining virus named
5. Flame, countered by a wave of cyberattacks on U.S. banks and allied energy firms attributed to
Iranian hackers.
Four key aspects of US and Iranian strategic competition - sanctions, energy, arms
control, and regime change. Its primary focus is on the ways in which the sanctions applied to
Iran have changed US and Iranian competition since the fall of 2011. This escalation has been
spurred by the creation of a series of far stronger US unilateral sanctions and the EU‘s imposition
of equally strong sanctions – both of which affect Iran‘s ability to export, its financial system and
its overall economy.
The US has instituted four major acts sanctioning Iran, impacting hundreds of companies,
people, and assets. These include: The Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and
Divestment Act of 2010 (signed July 1, 2010), FY 2012 NDAA (signed December 31, 2011),
Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (signed August 10, 2012), and FY
2013 NDAA (signed January 2, 2013), They have cut off Iran from the international banking
system; declared the entire Iranian banking sector as money laundering entities; increased the
number of sanctions the president is to impose; targeted Iran‘s petrochemical industry, the CBI,
the financial sector, and transportation infrastructure; and forced countries to curtail their
purchases of Iranian oil in the face of sanctions.
To what extent have the above points been successful in U.S. ForeignPolicy with Iran?
After many years of mutual hostility, no one should expect that engaging Iran will be
easy. It certainly won't be quick. The recent crackdown will make it much more difficult, and
perhaps impossible. But past policies based on threats and sanctions clearly have not worked.
Diplomacy, even under the present circumstances, has a much greater chance of success.
6. Much now depends on how the US and EU sanctions effort is handled in the future. The
Obama Administration and Congress are steadily tightening sanctions, but it is doing so carefully
and in ways that focus on multilateral, rather than unilateral US action. Additional sanctions will
be pursued gradually and in ways that maximize multilateral buy-in. The Iranian financial, oil,
transportation, and petrochemical sectors will continue to be isolated to the extent possible. And
the Administration will attempt to inform and empower population centers within Iran through
channels such as the State Department‘s ―Virtual Embassy program, in hopes that an‖
opposition movement will again challenge the regime
Bibliography
"United States: Year In Review 2012." Britannica Book of the Year, . Encyclopedia Britannica
Online Academic Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 01 June 2013.
<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1886096/United-States-Year-In-Review-2012>.
7. United States: Year In Review 2012. (2013). In Britannica Book of the Year, . Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1886096/United-States-Year-In-Review-2012
http://strausscenter.org/strauss-articles/strauss-contact.html retreived 06/01/2013
http://americanforeignpolicy.org retrieved 06/01/2013