The document discusses requirement management in software testing and development. It defines what requirements, features, use cases, and user stories are. It explains how 40-60% of software failures are due to poor requirements definition. Different sources for gathering requirements are outlined, including users, stakeholders, business needs, and the development team. Traditional requirement modeling and Agile user stories are compared. The importance of requirements for different stages of testing is explained.
Bill McIntosh
Authorized Dukane Consultant
Phone :843-442-8888
Email :WKMcIntosh@Comcast.net
You can find information on all of Dukane products here
http://www.slideshare.net/WKMcIntoshIII/documents
http://www.slideshare.net/WKMcIntoshIII/presentations
http://www.slideshare.net/WKMcIntoshIII/videos.
As well as on the main Dukane website
www.dukane.com/av
Bill McIntosh
Authorized Dukane Consultant
Phone :843-442-8888
Email :WKMcIntosh@Comcast.net
You can find information on all of Dukane products here
http://www.slideshare.net/WKMcIntoshIII/documents
http://www.slideshare.net/WKMcIntoshIII/presentations
http://www.slideshare.net/WKMcIntoshIII/videos.
As well as on the main Dukane website
www.dukane.com/av
User Experience Design In Healthcare | Fresh Tilled SoilFresh Tilled Soil
Richard Banfield's presentation from the Care Innovators Conference, Health, IT, UX & Design 2011. Discover how and why user experience design can transform the way our healthcare system works via web applications, mobile apps, and websites.
This webinar presentation gives you an overview of how to port various types of Android applications to the Series 40 platform. Join Michael Samarin of Futurice as he walks you through the basic porting tasks involved and shows you how to map Android APIs to corresponding Series 40 APIs. In live coding demonstrations, Michael will use simple hands-on examples to illustrate a step-by-step porting process. This presentation will pay special attention to UI portability and creating a consistent user experience on Series 40 phones.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
User Experience Design In Healthcare | Fresh Tilled SoilFresh Tilled Soil
Richard Banfield's presentation from the Care Innovators Conference, Health, IT, UX & Design 2011. Discover how and why user experience design can transform the way our healthcare system works via web applications, mobile apps, and websites.
This webinar presentation gives you an overview of how to port various types of Android applications to the Series 40 platform. Join Michael Samarin of Futurice as he walks you through the basic porting tasks involved and shows you how to map Android APIs to corresponding Series 40 APIs. In live coding demonstrations, Michael will use simple hands-on examples to illustrate a step-by-step porting process. This presentation will pay special attention to UI portability and creating a consistent user experience on Series 40 phones.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
5. Requirements from product development point of view
Requirement Category‘s Different points of view on system
Scalability
Stability
Performance
Security
„Functionality“
Performance
Stress
Usabilty „Stability
“ „scalability
“
6. Requirement Management continues…
Between 40% and 60% of software failures and defects are the result of poor
software management and requirements definition. In plain English, this means
that about half of the problems encountered could have been avoided by
making it clear, from the very beginning, what the customer expected from the
respective project. This is to say that the programming was fine and the
developers did their job well – only they did a different job from what they were
supposed to.
http://www.softwareprojects.org
Read also http://www.projectshrink.com/why-requirements-change-270.html
7. How to find requirements?
● You can find requirements from several sources: Users, Stakeholders,
Business and Development team and many others
● Requirements are trying to define nature of feature/system/solution
more specific than common written document does. This information
is helping development team to design a solution for a need
● There is several common methods to define and gather requirements.
– Traditional Requirement modeling (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requirements_management)
– RUP/UML based Use Case modeling (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Rational_Unified_Process)
– Agile XP oriented User Story’s (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development)
● Your task is to figure out a small difference between them
Read more http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requirements_management
8. Why we need requirements from testing point of view?
”Traditional Testing Levels”
„Test Engineers Area“
Customer Requirements Acceptance Testing
System Requirements System Testing
Design Requirements Integration Testing
„Developer's Area“
Component
Unit Testing
Requirements
Implementation
9. Feature
Feature
Feature is functionality of
product/software which
can be seen as one module
of whole product
Do some googling!!
Internal Flame kit has WLAN
Create a wiki page!!
support Internal Flame Kit has
touch screen user interface AboutUserStory
10. Who is defining a Feature?
I would like to have Ok!
Internal Flame Drum Kit What's a plan
Could you deliver it to us?
Actually We have several Nice looking feature propoals.
features for it here We have to do some evaluation
Customer
-Technology?
Idea#1 Idea#1
-Knowledge
-Resource
Idea#2
-Solution?
Idea#3 Idea#4 -Priority?
11. Is product a combination of features?
Standby Mode
Table Drum Mode
MIDI Support
Calory Counter
Touch Screen with single tap
Drum Metronome
12. Is product a combination of features?
Table Drum Mode Standby Mode
Calory Counter MIDI Support
Core Software
Drum Metronome Touch Screen with single tap
14. Feature example 1 (Invented on course 2009-2010)
Calory Counter:
Player can measure calories during training session. This can be
seen as exercise result in web service eg. Facebook application
Feature X * n
Energy usage
15. Feature example 2 (Invented on course 2009-2010)
Table Drummer:
Player drums table board instead of drum can. IFDK kit is able to
use DSP algorithm to detect correct drum sound from environment.
In training mode IFDK is trained to detect drum sounds for
environment.
Table Drum Mode
DSP
Algorithm
16. Customer/Business Requirements?
Touch Screen with single tap
Simple Training Mode
Drum Metronome Calory Counter MIDI Support
Table Drum Mode
Customer Type 1 Customer Type 2 Customer Type 3 Customer Type 4
Who are our target customers?
17. Customer Strategy
Touch Screen with single tap
Simple Training Mode
Calory Counter Drum Metronome Table Drum Mode MIDI Support
Primary Target Secondary Target
Customer Type 1 Customer Type 2 Customer Type 3 Customer Type 4
What is our key customer?
18. Features and release planning
TIME TO MARKET!! For Target Group 1
Feature: Simple Training Mode
Requirement Requirement USE CASE #1 User Story #1
Requirement Requirement USE CASE #2 User Story #2
Requirement Requirement USE CASE #3 User Story #3
TIME TO MARKET!! For Target Group 2
Feature Touch Screen with single tap
CORE/Platform Software Requirement Requirement USE CASE #1 User Story #1
Development Requirement Requirement USE CASE #2 User Story #2
Requirement Requirement USE CASE #3 User Story #3
TIME TO MARKET!! For Target Group 3
Feature: Table Drum mode
Requirement Requirement USE CASE #1
Requirement Requirement USE CASE #2
Requirement Requirement USE CASE #3
Release 0.1
Release 1.0 Release 1.1 Release 1.2
19. Simple Requirement Management Process
Problem Solution
Domain Domain
Feature X * n
Vision of
product Functional
Requirements
Non-Functional
Requirements Test Case
Defines
Use Cases
Design
documents &
User Storys
Customer/Marketing/ implementation
business
FEATURE
VISION/NEED/PROPOSAL
YOU!
Solution
Proposal
20. Traditional Requirement Modeling
• A requirement shall be a complete sentence.
• Sentence has to be understandable, measurable and
testable
• ReqId1 - Tractor has four wheels
• ReqId2 - Tractor has one exhaust pipe
• ReqId3 - Engine of tractor is capable of use flexi fuel
• ReqId4 – The tractor has a hook for trailer
• ReqId5- The tractor shall have a enhanced driving system
Google: requirement specification template and SRS
Software Requirement Specification
21. Functional and non-functional
requirements
Functional Non-Functional
Requirements Requirements
Functional Non-Functional
Requirement Requirement
How it works? "User can select application from ui How fast it is?
"Performance Requirement"
by using wheel button” How stable it is?
”Tractor Startup should take
”Tractor can be driven both minimum 10 seconds”
directions”
”Usability Requirement”
”User interface should be able to
control using simple wheel quide”
Do some googling!!
”The hook can last max 20Kkg
Create a wiki page!! trailer load”
AboutUserStory
22. Traditional Requirement Modelling and Features
Functionality
User Interface Design?
Functional
Requirements
Feature X Usability
Non-Functional Security
Requirements
Performance
Stability
.......
24. Non-Functional Requirement category
examples
Functionality Stability Security
Usabilty
Is our implementation
Is implementation Is our implementation
Implementation should
stable on situation like usable for target secure enough against
work like this way
zzzZZZ? customer? attack type xxx?
Performance Stress Scalability
How good performance our How much we can stress Maintenance
implementation provides our implentation without Is implementation
a problems? How our implementation is easy to maintain?
against competitor? scaling in situation X?
25. Simple Requirement Management Process
Problem Solution
Domain Domain
Feature X * n
Vision of
product Functional
Requirements
Non-Functional
Requirements Test Case
Defines
Use Cases
Design
documents &
User Storys
Customer implementation
FEATURE
VISION/NEED/PROPOSAL
YOU!
Solution
Proposal
26. Use Case
Use Cases
USE CASE
Use Case
Written scenario for action. Also execeptions included
Use Case: Open Application
A use case in software Actor: IFDK User
engineering and systems Step1: Gadget User touches home button
engineering, is a Step2: UI wakeup initiated (if standby)
description of steps or Step3: Home screen is activated
actions between a user (or Setp4: User browses applications specific icons using wheel button
"actor") and a software Step5. Icons are moving on screen left and right
system which leads the Step6: User selects application by pushing wheel button
user towards something
Step7: Application starts up <4 seconds
useful.[1]
Execptions:
Wikipedia 1. If application cannot start there will be note on screen about problem
27. Practice: Create Use Cases
Actor: Player
SYSTEM System: IFDK kit
UC Scenario: Standby mode after boot
1. User turn’s on IFDK by pressing
red button on front panel
2. Screen wil flash and show
welcome text ”Hello my friend!”
Use Case 3. User interface opens after
seconds
4. Screen will show three selection
buttons
5. After 30 seconds user inteface
goes to standby mode
Exeption:
ACTOR
If user activates screenby tapping it
standby counter will be reseted
28. Simple Requirement Management Process
Problem Solution
Domain Domain
Feature X * n
Vision of
product Functional
Requirements
Non-Functional
Requirements Test Case
Defines
Use Cases
Design
documents &
User Storys
Customer implementation
FEATURE
VISION/NEED/PROPOSAL
YOU!
Solution
Proposal
29. User Story
User Story
USER STORY
Do some googling!!
Simple phrase describes a need.
Create a wiki page!! This can lead to several other
storys!
AboutUserStory
"As user I would like to open
application easily"
"As a user I would like to use
wheel for simplify ui interaction"
"As a user I would like to initate
application fast enough"
"As a tractor driver I would like to
have enhanced driving system”
30. Agile Requirement Management
EpicStory0001
Epic Story As a Customer I would
like to have top
quality product
User Story UserStory0002
UserStory0001 Gadget should
have >30fps
As a user UI performace
I would like to
use product
Which is fast to
power on UserStory0003
Gadget should
Startup <5seconds
31. Practice: Create User Storys
USER STORY:
As a bad behavin person I cannot access IFDK using wlan without
encryption
How to test?
Acceptance Criteria?
USER STORY:
As a member of audience I can hear effect sound that player is having
electrical shocks
How to test?
Acceptance Criteria?
32. Use Case, User Story, Requirement
USER STORY USE CASE
Requirement
Measurable Simple phrase describes a need.
Testable This can lead to several other
storys! Written scenario for action. Also execeptions
included
Use Case: Open Application
Functional Actor: Gadget User
Requirement Step1: Gadget User touches home button
"User can select application from ui Step2: UI wakeup initiated (if standby)
"As user I would like to
by using wheel button" open application easily" Step3: Home screen is activated
Setp4: User browses applications specific icons
"As a user I would like to using wheel button
use wheel for simplify ui
Step5. Icons are moving on screen left and right
Non Functional interaction"
Requirement Step6: User selects application by pushing wheel
button
"As a user I would like to
"Performance Requirement" initate application fast Step7: Application starts up <4 seconds
enough" Execptions:
"Application Startup should 1. If application cannot start there will be note on
take minimum 4 seconds" screen about problem