This PPT will help you to understand Trauma and will help you to understand the condition of Syria

1. Mirza Ibrahim Beg
Roll no. 2018
M.Phil Scholar
Berhampur University

2.  Traumatisation occurs when both internal and external
resources are inadequate to cope with external threat.
Van der Kolk, 1989
 Events related to war are characteristically traumatic.
 Violence causes trauma, in which an event or a series of
events is experienced.
• Children exposed to violence speak the language of trauma.
• Refugees and asylum seekers experience significant traumatic
events, including war, torture, violence, and forced migration.
 ‘‘Trauma Theory” first appeared in Cathy Caruth’s Unclaimed
Experience.

3.  Traumatic event or situation creates psychological trauma
which is expressed in the form of PTSD.
 Re-experiencing distressing images, unwanted memories,
nightmares or flashbacks & physical symptoms causes
PTSD.
 Survivors of trauma return to normal given a little time but
some stress reactions that do not go away or may get worse
over time.
 ‘‘ The more you believe you are endangered, the more
traumatized you will be…” Jon Allen
• The worst situation is when the injury is caused with a
person on whom the victim is dependent.

4. Trauma and traumatic events include personal and
private experiences and public experiences.
Examples of personal and private events:
• Emotional abuse
• Domestic violence
• Sudden and violent death of a loved one
• Witness of events
Examples of public trauma/traumatic events:
• Natural disasters
• War
• Community violence

5.  Re-experiencing: intrusive images, sensations, dreams,
memories, nightmare
 Physical: loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, panic attack,
unexplainable physical pain
 Cognitive: shorter attention span, confusion regarding
events, location sequencing, difficulty in concentration
 Emotional: generalized fear, nervousness, anxiety,
irritability, fearful of reminders, jumpiness
• Problems with social attachment : excessive dependence or
isolation, avoidance, silence
• Loss of trust, hope, and sense of agency
• Somatization

6. In the three models in Freud’s theory of psyche –
economic, topological and dynamic
1. The economic model  repression at the moment
and return later with its full impact known; e.g. sexual
harassment.
2. Topological model  trauma breaks the protective
shield against stimuli, and thus denies the usual
discharge function following the principle of constancy,
repetition or compulsion.
3. Dynamic model  extended to a general
phenomenon –e.g. Anxiety as a protection signal; ISIS’
monotheism.

7. The aims of this research proposal to explore:
• The lifestyle of people and mental disorder who were
living in war-stricken areas
• Displaced persons who have been more affected than non-
displaced person
• How war ruined the future of children
• Experience of many traumatic events like witnessing
death, torture and rape

8. SAMAR YAZBEK • Syrian writer and journalist
• Awarded PEN Pinter, PEN
Tucholsky, PEN Oxfam Navib
• Prominent voice in support of
human rights and women's rights
in Syria
• Participated in the project called
Freedom for the Syrian People
• Works: The Crossing: My
Journey to the Shattered Heart
of Syria, A Woman in the
Crossfire, Heavenly Girl

9. Samar Yazbek bears witness to:
• Those struggling to survive
• The humanity that can flower to amidst annihilation
• Why so many are desperate to flee
• How a prosper land is turned into a land of destruction,
• A land of nothingness, where human limbs are picked up
from the dirt to be buried.

10. The book carries:
• The horror of border crossing
• Snapshots of soldiers, children, ordinary men and
women simply trying to stay alive
This book gives testimony of humanity along the way:
• How people live under the gaze of a sniper?
 How principled young men try to resist orders from
their military superiors?
 How children cope in the bunkers.

11. Yazbek shows:
• Children rendered mute as a result of shell-shock
• Old people dying of hunger and lack of medical
attention.
 The islamic extremists were starting to control
people’s lives and interfere in their business
 Yazbek’s final assertion sends the chill up our spine: The
only winner in Syria today is death!

12. JANINE DI
GIOVANNI
• Worked for over 25 years as a human rights
reporter in conflict zones in the Balkans,
Africa and the Middle East
• Consultant on Syria for the UNHCR
• Co-producer and co-starrer of
documentary film 7 Days in Syria (2015)
• Works: The Quick and the Dead, Madness
Visible: A Memoir of War, The Place at the
End of the World, The Morning They Came
for Us
• Awards: National Magazine Award (2000),
Courage in Journalism Award (2016)

13. Di Giovanni relates firsthand accounts of suffering from the
people caught up in the conflict. There is:
 Archipelago of torture centers where the regime breaks bones
in the hopes of breaking wills.
 Systematic use of rape
 Relentless and casual murder
 Vandalism.

14.  The whistling sound of the bombs falling gives enough time
to know that you are about to die, but not enough time to
flee.
 Medical staff are recruited to keep torture victims alive
enough to experience further pain
 The fear of rape is the greatest factor in making the
rebellious population flee
 Those forced to flee their homes maintain that one day they
will return to their former lives

15. The book portrays those moments when:
 There is a knock on the door and the police take a family
member away
 A government-delivered barrel bomb
 The water stops, taps run dry, banks go, and a sniper kills
your brother
 Families who fled besieged cities, only to return because
there was no place to go
 Mother begged to take children away to some place safe.
 Soldiers called upon to senselessly murder their fellow
Syrians