Report on national and international air pollution event international event - Fukushima nuclear disaster, national event - Mumbai Air Pollution.

1. Report on Recent Air Pollution Events National & International
18EEPC02, Air Quality Management
Topics
International: Fukisama Nuclear Disaster
National: Mumbai Air Pollution.
Prepared by
Selvi Vignia R,
M.E Environmental Engineering,
I Yr., GCT

2. Fukushima Nuclear Disaster -Japan
• Worlds largest nuclear power plant,
located 250 km away from north of
Tokyo.
• Worst disaster after Chernobyl disaster
(1986).
• Earthquake followed by tsunamis with
magnitude of 9.0 Resulted in Power
Failure which In turn caused overheating
of fuel rods and resulted in burst of main
core reactors.
• 3of 6 plant sustained severe core damage
and released H+ & radioactive materials.
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3. Cause for the Disaster
Earthquake
Magnitude -9.0
Duration > 200 sec
Tsunami
• 6-7 Tsunamis
• Height>15m
• Rose up to 41m height.
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4. Effects on Air pollution Due to Disaster
 14,000 times more caesium 137
was released from the
Fukushima accident than the
Hiroshima atomic bombing.
Isotopes
Cs137 Cs134
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5. Effects on other country due to
radiation
• Radioactive pollutants were transferred by
air masses to various regions of the
Northern hemisphere, including Europe.
• The radioactive fallout was dispersed
locally, regionally and globally over land
and sea by the weather (wind and
precipitation).
• Very low concentrations of 131I, 137Cs and
134Cs in airborne particulate matter were
measured in Athens, Greece during the
period of March 24 to April 28, 2011.
• The maximum air concentration of 131I was
measured on April 6, 2011 and equaled 490
± 35 μBq m−3.
• The average activity ratio of 131I/137Cs in
air was 3.0 ± 0.5, while the corresponding
ratio of 137Cs/134Cs equaled 1.1 ± 0.3. No
artificial radionuclides could be detected in
air after April 28, 2011.
• Traces of 131I as a result of radioactive
deposition were measured in grass, soil,
sheep milk and meat
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6. Effect on Environment
 Cs-137 absorbed in the top soil layer can
remain there for many years and traces of
131I were found in a number of soil
samples.
 contamination of the soil is especially due
to its deleterious effect on stock farming
and agriculture, and its potential impacts
on human health.The soils around
Fukushima have been contaminated with
depositions of more than 100,000 MBq
km-2.
 In Japan, the limit for cesium
concentrations in soil is 5,000 Bq kg-1.
For food production, the upper limit for
cesium in the soil is 2,500 Bq kg-1,food
production was severely impaired.
 The total Cs-137 deposition and
distribution in the environment has been
estimated that the soils in areas of eastern
and north-eastern Japan have been
strongly contaminated by Cs-137.
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7. Solution And Preventive Measures
• Importance To Design Consideration For Natural Calamities And Designing
The Plant To Reduce The Impacts And Quick Recovery After The Impact.
• Implementing Emergency Plans And Quick Recovery Is Important As It
Involves Radio Activity Materials.
• Enhancement Of Power System &Additional Means To Withstand Prolonged
Loss Of Power And Cooling System.
• Implementation Of Nuclear Safety Guidelines Strictly.
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8. Mumbai Air Pollution
• Mumbai (Bombay) ,financial center, &largest
city in India situated west coast of India is a
major centre of industrial and economic
activities.
• Over the last 20years the city witnessed rapid
urbanization and increased industrial activity
and massive growth in population.
• Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10),
nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulphur di oxide
(SO2) were identified as primary pollutants
• In Mumbai, the problem of air pollution is
relatively new and has spiked only in the last
decade. Industrial, vehicular, and construction
pollutants pollute the air of Mumbai, which
has a population of about 12 million people.
• Although it is not as bad as Delhi's air, it can
occasionally hit those dangerous levels.
• The Study has found that the effects of air
pollution resulted in death of 25,000 people in
year 2020 and average of 1200 people per
million.
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9. Line Source
Vehicular emission -
prominent sources
of vehicle
particulate
emissions are diesel
driven and two-
stroke petrol driven
vehicles
Area Source
• Open refuse
burning and landfill
site burning
(Mulund and
Kanjurmarg areas)
Point Source
• 33% form industrial sector
(Chembur – Trombay area).
• Tata Power fuel -22.84%.
• The Red LSI i.e., refineries,
chemical and fertilizers
companies are shares 3.53%
and all MSI & SSI -6.60%
percent of PM
Sources of Air Pollution in Mumbai

10.  dyspnoea,
 chronic
intermittent cough,
 frequent colds,
 chronic bronchitis,
 cardiac disorders,
• High BP and deaths
due to non-
tuberculosis
respiratory and
ischaemic heart
diseases.
Effects on Plants and animals
 Indirect affect- retarded growth, low Yield
and diseased often.
 In Animals it can develop
neurodegenerative disease disorders or it
may alter genomes.
 Pollutants in the air impair endocrine
function, harm organs, and reduce
reproductive success
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Effect on Human Beings

11. Solution And Preventive Measures
 Government has started program called ‘Clean Air
funds’ to reduce air pollution level & initiated to
convert vehicles onto ‘electronic vehicles’ to reduce
the emission from vehicles.
 Good practices of afforestation, solid waste
management and traffic diversions of road ways to
curtail the pollutants in the environment.
 Strict implementation of the ‘Construction &
Demolition Waste Management Rules’, 2016, which
demand a safe and effective waste disposal system,
could be the first step.
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12. References
1. Radioactive pollution in Athens, Greece due to the Fukushima nuclear accident,
P.KritidisH.FlorouK.EleftheriadisN.EvangeliouM.GiniM.SotiropoulouE.DiapouliS.Vratolis Journal of
Environmental radio activity vol 114, Dec 2012.
2. Effect of the Fukushima nuclear disaster on global public acceptance of nuclear energy, Energy Policy.
3. Facing Nuclear Risks: Lessons from the Fukushima Nuclear Koichi Hasegawa, Disaster Japanese journal of
Sociology .
4. Examination of Accident at Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc.’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and
Proposal of Countermeasures by Japan Nuclear Technology Institute oct 2011.
5. Revised Action Plan for Control of Air Pollution in Non-Attainment Cities of Maharashtra.
6. Comparative Study of Air Pollution Pre and During Lock Down: A Case Study In Four Metropolitan Cities Of
Maharashtra, Dr. Vasudev Shivaji Salunke, An international bilingual peer reviewed referred research journal, Vol
7,issue5.
7. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/81099733.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&
utm_campaign=cppst -Times of India Feb 19, 2021
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