1. The 1st Asia Pacific Green Power Conference
20-21 March 2003, Tokyo, Japan
Renewable Energy in South Korea
: Solar City Daegu's Challenge
Jong-dall Kim
Jong-
Research Institute for Energy, Environment and Economy
Kyungpook National University
Comparison of Average Annual Growth Rates of
GNP and Commercial Energy Consumption
(per capita, 1985-1995)
GNP 9.5%
10
Energy 8.3%
7.7%
8 6.7%
5.9%
6
(%)
3.3% 2.9% 3.4%
4 2.8%
2.2%
0.8%
2
- 0.3%
0
World Asia Japan Taiwan S.Korea China

2. Comparison of Energy Intensity
2.5
1985 2.35
2.0 1995
(Toe / $1000 of GDP*)
Energy Intensity
1.43
1.5
0.56
0.51 0.49
0.42 0.42 0.40
0.5 0.38 0.38
0.16 0.16
0
World USA Asia Japan S.Korea China
* Toe: tons of oil equivalent; GDP in constant dollars.
Center for Energy and Environmental Policy
Center for Energy and Environmental Policy
JISEEF I Scenario
Cost-Effectiveness Tests
Industrial Sector :
Payback period : Average = 1.23 years; maximum
of 7 years (less than one-tenth of 1% of cases
involve 7-year paybacks)
Transportation Sector :
Payback Period < 5 years
Residential and Commercial Sector:
Cost of Conserved Energy (CCE) < 5.0 cents/kWh
(60 Won/kWh)
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Future
Future

3. Primary Energy Saving in South Korea
(Unit : M.TOE , %)
(Unit M.TOE
Korea Industrial Sector Scenario
Three Implementation Options
130
Energy Consumption
120 MOCIE/KEEI
BAU 25.0%
(Million TOE)
110
16.3%
Major Policy
100 Commitment
90
Full
80
Implementation
70
1998 2000 2010 2020
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Future
Future

4. Korea Transportation Sector Scenario
Three Implementation Options
70
MOCIE/KEEI
Energy Consumption
60 BAU
(Million TOE)
Major Policy
Commitment 16.3% 25.0%
50
40
Full
30 Implementation
20
1998 2000 2010 2020
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Future
Future
Korea Residential Sector Scenario
Three Implementation Options
45
Energy Consumption
MOCIE/KEEI
40 BAU
(Million TOE)
22.0% 33.8%
35 Major Policy
Commitment
30
25 Full
Implementation
20
1998 2000 2010 2020
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Future
Future

5. Korea Commercial Sector Scenario
Three Implementation Options
30
Energy Consumption
MOCIE/KEEI
BAU
25
(Million TOE)
Major Policy 16.3% 35.8%
Commitment
20
15
Full
Implementation
10
5
1998 2000 2010 2020
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Future
Future
S.Korea’s Energy Efficiency Scenarios
350
BAU
Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption
300 28.7%
Major Policy Savings = 62.1 MTOE 16.7%
Commitment
(Million TOE)
(Million TOE)
250
Savings = 95.4 MTOE
200
Full
150 Implementation
100
50
0
1998
1998 2000
2000 2010 2020
2020
2010
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Future
Future

6. Renewable Energy rate of Major Countries(%)
S. Korea
1.01
Japan
2.1
Italy 2.6
U.S.A 4.1
France
4.2
Australia
5.2
Austria 11.1
New Zealand 18.1
Source : Energy balances of OECD countries,IEA, 1997-1998
Utilization of New and Renewable Energy by Source
Utilization of New and Renewable Energy by Source
(As of the end of 2001)
Source: MOCIE, South Korea.

7. New Policy for Purchaging Prices
New Policy for Purchaging Prices
for Renewables
for Renewables
( ): cents if 1300 won/dollar
source: MOCIE, Korea.
average electiricy price: 5 cent
Purpose & Conception of Solar City
Solar City Daegu Plan(SCDP) is to systematically introduce
solar and other renewable energy sources, technologies
and industries. Also, It focuses on sustainable emission
targets including greenghouse gases, and aims at urban
business and industry in solar and other renewable energy
technology systems.

8. Background of Solar City Project
! Solar City Concept is firstly introduced 3
years ago, and confirmed formal IEA project
in 1999. (Exco IEA task 30).
! Solar City project has implemented from 2002
for 5 years after preparatory period and
during this time it has organized preparatory
workshop 4 times.
Daegu Solar City 2006
Toward advanced
Harmony with nature techno-
techno-economy
Solar Energy
1. Solar Cell Generation
1.Greening
1.Greening City Project 2. Solar Heating/Cooling Solar Complex
- Implant 2 million Trees 3. Solar Village
4. Solar Thema Park - Solar Industrial Park
2.Blue
2.Blue Sky Project Techno-
- Techno-Park
- LNG BUS - Sustainable Agriculture
Other Renewable Energy
- LPG Truck
- Mass transportation 1. Energy efficiency
2. RDF energy
Eco-
3. Eco-Park 3. Bio gas
4. waste-
Reuse of waste-heat
5. Wind power
6. Waste recycling
Green Environment Eco-
Eco-Economy
Daegu SolarSolar Model
Daegu City City Model

9. River and Central City

10. Solar City’s scope
City’
Community, industry and market
development
SOAR energy technology applications
Urban and regional greenhouse/energy planning
Solar Energy Facility in Sacramento
Roof Power Plan
Parking Area Zoo Park

11. Solar Heat and Photovoltaic
(houses & apartment, in Germany)
Specific Projects (1)
Solar City Daegu Center
Policy Research
IEA Solar City Project
Bridge Expert, Industry and NGO
Solar Technology Center
Renewable and Alternative Energy Technology
Eco-design : Solar Building and Urban Plan
NGO Network and Laws
Citizen’s Coalition for Solar City Daegu
Solar City Code

12. Specific Projects (2)
Solar Thermal System
Solar Hot Water System: 10,000 houses
Solar Heating System : 2,000 units(Houses, Buildings) 35
houses, 3 units(agriculture)
Solar Power
Roof-top PV : 512 units
PV Street Lights: 1,000 units
Solar Complex
Solar School: hot water, PV: 43 units
Green Village : PV, Fuel Cell, Thermal: 1 unit(50 houses)
Solar Maeul(District): 6 units
Specific Projects (3)
Other Renewable Energy
Wind Power: 2 units
Small Hydraulic Power: 2 units
Research on Hydrogen Vehicle
Recovery of Waste Heat from Dyeing Factories
Energy from Solid Waste
Use of LFG: 117,000m3/year(10,000 houses)
Use of RDF: 200 ton/year

13. Solar City Daegu’s Major Project
! Green Village Project
! Eco-complex Park Project
! Solar Campus Project
! Solar Park Project
Green Village
Solar Park
Green Village
Eco-Complex Park
Solar Campus

14. Green Village
Land Use Map
Green Village
" detached houses
" space: 39,450㎡
㎡
(11,950 pyung)
Green Village
Plan
PV, Solar Thermal, Hydrogen, Recycling System of Water and Waste
Waste

15. Reference Model
Eco-
Eco-complex Park Project
PV System
600KW
600KW (4 year project)
PV
Inverter
Monitoring

16. Eco-
Eco-complex Park Project
180KW
2005 : 180KW 180KW
2004 : 180KW 2003: 180KW
2003: 180KW 2002: 60KW
2002: 60KW
total 600KW
600KW
Solar Park 1st Proejct
As a part of Bongmoo Solar
park
PV stree lighting system was
established(6 units).

17. Solar Park 2nd project
2nd project(parking place)
200KW
Solar Park 2nd project

18. Solar Campus Plan in KNU
• importance of university’s networking and clustering to
university’
introduce solar energy and other renewable energy in city level.
level.
• University is suitable place to install solar energy facility as
energy consumption object.
object.
• Installation of solar energy facility in the university and
education of renewable energy has influence on development
strategy to local government and private company.
• In this context, ‘Solar Campus Plan’ in KNU is promoted.
Plan’
Solar thermal collectors
Solar thermal collectors
installed at gymnasium
installed at gymnasium

19. Library: on-grid system with 30 kW capacity.
Library: on-grid system with 30 kW capacity.
Pond: waterspout (3kW on-grid system)
Pond: waterspout (3kW on-grid system)

20. Streetlights
Streetlights
(stand alone
(stand alone
systems)
systems)
Expectation of SC Daegu
Realization of Daegu Vision
Green Daegu
Best Technology and Economy
Global Warming Response
Specific Local Effort
Task of Local Agenda 21
Global Geen Cooperation
Globalization of Daegu
Industry and Citizen’s Involvement