Este documento presenta un marco teórico sobre la publicidad y la enseñanza de la comprensión de textos publicitarios. Explica que el enfoque comunicativo en la enseñanza del lenguaje se centra en la lengua como un hecho social y en la construcción interactiva del proceso educativo. También describe cuatro áreas clave para el análisis de la publicidad: el enfoque comunicativo, la publicidad y la mercadotecnia, la alfabetización visual y la comprensión. Finalmente, discute conceptos como la competencia comunic
El documento describe los mecanismos de acción y efectos de la metformina y las tiazolidinedionas. La metformina reduce la producción hepática de glucosa y la resistencia a la insulina en los tejidos periféricos. Actúa aumentando la sensibilidad a la insulina y disminuyendo la absorción de glucosa. Las tiazolidinedionas como la pioglitazona y la rosiglitazona disminuyen la resistencia a la insulina al activar los receptores PPAR-γ en los adipocitos, miocitos y hepatocitos.
El mercado de medicamentos en el sector público chileno creció un 31% en 2015, alcanzando los $431.322 millones. La Central Nacional de Abastecimiento (CENABAST) representó el 52% de las compras totales, aumentando sus compras en un 83%. Los antirretrovirales continúan siendo la categoría terapéutica más importante, representando el 11% del gasto total y aumentando un 170% en 2015.
Loperamida es un antidiarreico que reduce la motilidad intestinal mediante efectos sobre las terminaciones nerviosas y ganglios intramurales, inhibiendo la secreción de líquidos y estimulando la absorción de agua. Se usa para tratar diarrea aguda no específica y diarrea crónica asociada con enfermedades intestinales inflamatorias. Su dosificación depende de si es para diarrea aguda o crónica, y puede causar efectos adversos como distensión abdominal o constipación. Requiere precaución en algunos pac
Number of innovative products for making payment has developed in topical year, taking advantage of swift
Technological steps forward and financial market development. Transactions refined using these innovative products are accounting for a mounting proportion of the dimensions and value of domestic and cross-border retail payments. This paper is been framed based on the concept of payments made through Plastic Money. Plastic money is the alternative to the cash or the standard 'money'. Plastic money is referring to the credit cards or the debit cards that we use to make purchases in our everyday life. Plastic money is much more convenient to carry around, as you do not have to carry a huge sum of money with you. Though this plastic money comprises different payment channels, this paper is focusing to bring the conceptual framework of Credit Card.
The document discusses how many innovations and discoveries were accidental. It provides examples such as fireworks being discovered by accident by a Chinese chef mixing ingredients, saccharin being discovered when a chemist's hands became sweet after working with chemicals, and Coca-Cola being created when Pemberton substituted sugar for wine in his nerve tonic. The document argues that while necessity drives many inventions, accidents and serendipity have led to many major discoveries and that connecting with diverse ideas increases the chances of accidental innovation.
Este documento presenta un marco teórico sobre la publicidad y la enseñanza de la comprensión de textos publicitarios. Explica que el enfoque comunicativo en la enseñanza del lenguaje se centra en la lengua como un hecho social y en la construcción interactiva del proceso educativo. También describe cuatro áreas clave para el análisis de la publicidad: el enfoque comunicativo, la publicidad y la mercadotecnia, la alfabetización visual y la comprensión. Finalmente, discute conceptos como la competencia comunic
El documento describe los mecanismos de acción y efectos de la metformina y las tiazolidinedionas. La metformina reduce la producción hepática de glucosa y la resistencia a la insulina en los tejidos periféricos. Actúa aumentando la sensibilidad a la insulina y disminuyendo la absorción de glucosa. Las tiazolidinedionas como la pioglitazona y la rosiglitazona disminuyen la resistencia a la insulina al activar los receptores PPAR-γ en los adipocitos, miocitos y hepatocitos.
El mercado de medicamentos en el sector público chileno creció un 31% en 2015, alcanzando los $431.322 millones. La Central Nacional de Abastecimiento (CENABAST) representó el 52% de las compras totales, aumentando sus compras en un 83%. Los antirretrovirales continúan siendo la categoría terapéutica más importante, representando el 11% del gasto total y aumentando un 170% en 2015.
Loperamida es un antidiarreico que reduce la motilidad intestinal mediante efectos sobre las terminaciones nerviosas y ganglios intramurales, inhibiendo la secreción de líquidos y estimulando la absorción de agua. Se usa para tratar diarrea aguda no específica y diarrea crónica asociada con enfermedades intestinales inflamatorias. Su dosificación depende de si es para diarrea aguda o crónica, y puede causar efectos adversos como distensión abdominal o constipación. Requiere precaución en algunos pac
Number of innovative products for making payment has developed in topical year, taking advantage of swift
Technological steps forward and financial market development. Transactions refined using these innovative products are accounting for a mounting proportion of the dimensions and value of domestic and cross-border retail payments. This paper is been framed based on the concept of payments made through Plastic Money. Plastic money is the alternative to the cash or the standard 'money'. Plastic money is referring to the credit cards or the debit cards that we use to make purchases in our everyday life. Plastic money is much more convenient to carry around, as you do not have to carry a huge sum of money with you. Though this plastic money comprises different payment channels, this paper is focusing to bring the conceptual framework of Credit Card.
The document discusses how many innovations and discoveries were accidental. It provides examples such as fireworks being discovered by accident by a Chinese chef mixing ingredients, saccharin being discovered when a chemist's hands became sweet after working with chemicals, and Coca-Cola being created when Pemberton substituted sugar for wine in his nerve tonic. The document argues that while necessity drives many inventions, accidents and serendipity have led to many major discoveries and that connecting with diverse ideas increases the chances of accidental innovation.
Indicadores de Conflicto Cognitivo en la Técnica de Rejilla y su Relación con...Guillem Feixas
Este estudio examinó los indicadores de conflicto cognitivo en la técnica de rejilla y su relación con la sintomatología medida por el SCL-90-R en una muestra de 545 voluntarios. Los resultados mostraron que la presencia de dilemas implicativos y constructos dilemáticos se asoció con mayores puntuaciones en escalas del SCL-90-R, especialmente depresión. Además, una baja autoestima predijo mayores puntuaciones en todas las escalas, mientras que un mayor aislamiento social autoper
Este documento proporciona información sobre anafilaxia, incluyendo su definición, epidemiología, causas, criterios de diagnóstico, tratamiento con adrenalina y recomendaciones para la prescripción de autoinyectores de adrenalina. Explica que la anafilaxia es una reacción alérgica grave que amenaza la vida, con causas comunes como medicamentos, alimentos e himenópteros. Describe los criterios clínicos para diagnosticarla y el tratamiento con adrenalina, que es el tratamiento de primera elección. También cubre
Este documento trata sobre el manejo del dolor desde la atención primaria. Incluye información sobre el uso de opioides en el tratamiento del dolor crónico no oncológico, así como sobre el abordaje del dolor y otros síntomas desde una perspectiva de cuidados paliativos. Presenta escalas para la valoración del dolor, clasificaciones de opioides, y recomendaciones sobre el uso de fármacos por vía subcutánea para el control de síntomas.
Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...AyushGadhvi1
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Indicadores de Conflicto Cognitivo en la Técnica de Rejilla y su Relación con...Guillem Feixas
Este estudio examinó los indicadores de conflicto cognitivo en la técnica de rejilla y su relación con la sintomatología medida por el SCL-90-R en una muestra de 545 voluntarios. Los resultados mostraron que la presencia de dilemas implicativos y constructos dilemáticos se asoció con mayores puntuaciones en escalas del SCL-90-R, especialmente depresión. Además, una baja autoestima predijo mayores puntuaciones en todas las escalas, mientras que un mayor aislamiento social autoper
Este documento proporciona información sobre anafilaxia, incluyendo su definición, epidemiología, causas, criterios de diagnóstico, tratamiento con adrenalina y recomendaciones para la prescripción de autoinyectores de adrenalina. Explica que la anafilaxia es una reacción alérgica grave que amenaza la vida, con causas comunes como medicamentos, alimentos e himenópteros. Describe los criterios clínicos para diagnosticarla y el tratamiento con adrenalina, que es el tratamiento de primera elección. También cubre
Este documento trata sobre el manejo del dolor desde la atención primaria. Incluye información sobre el uso de opioides en el tratamiento del dolor crónico no oncológico, así como sobre el abordaje del dolor y otros síntomas desde una perspectiva de cuidados paliativos. Presenta escalas para la valoración del dolor, clasificaciones de opioides, y recomendaciones sobre el uso de fármacos por vía subcutánea para el control de síntomas.
Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...AyushGadhvi1
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.