REDD country Strategy Papua New Guinea
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by Danny Nekitel from the Government of Papua New Guinea
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Direitos das Mulheres à Terra e aos Recursos Florestais
O documento discute os direitos das mulheres à terra e recursos florestais na Amazônia, traçando uma linha do tempo dos avanços legais desde a Constituição de 1988 e das marchas das margaridas. Apesar dos avanços, observa-se que as leis nem sempre se refletem na prática devido à sociedade patriarcal. O documento também destaca a experiência das quebradeiras de coco babaçu e suas leis de proteção.
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The document outlines goals and actions around UNFCCC negotiations and REDD/avoided deforestation programs. It calls for inserting text into UNFCCC agreements to underline the rights of indigenous peoples and respect other international obligations. It also advocates for multi-stakeholder national committees to develop national REDD plans and ensuring indigenous and local community representation in decision-making structures for all REDD schemes.
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The document discusses key issues related to monitoring, permanence, and indigenous peoples in the context of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). It notes the different definitions of "forest" and challenges of determining what constitutes natural forest versus semi-natural or naturally regenerated land. It also outlines minimum standards for independent forest monitoring and specific monitoring needs for REDD programs. The document questions which carbon standards should be used and raises concerns that indigenous peoples displaced by forest protection efforts can negatively impact forest ecosystems.
International agreements and independent advisory groups
The document discusses experiments with establishing independent advisory groups to provide civil society perspectives and expertise to international agreements and organizations related to forests and climate change. It provides examples of the Civil Society Advisory Group to the International Tropical Timber Council and the External Advisory Group to the World Bank's forest strategy. These groups have helped improve agreements, safeguards, and programming and provided more responsive and legitimate mechanisms. The document recommends establishing similar advisory groups to guide and monitor climate investments and ensure social dimensions of climate change are adequately addressed.
Issues of effectiveness, efficiency and equity in REDD implementation
(1) The document discusses the importance of rights in REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) programs in order to ensure their effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. (2) If rights are not adequately addressed, REDD risks worsening rights violations and benefiting only large forest owners. (3) To properly address rights, prior forest tenure reform, procedural safeguards, and enabling policies are necessary steps in REDD.
The value of multi-stakeholder consultation at the national level
Ghana's VPA process aimed to reform the country's forest sector governance through multi-stakeholder engagement. Over 150 years, Ghana's elite had expropriated communal forest resources, leading to environmental devastation, rural poverty, and corruption. The VPA process formally focused on illegal logging but served as a vehicle for pro-community forces to engage with powerful economic interests. Through the process, civil society participation in forest policy discussions increased substantially. The VPA process also raised public awareness of Ghana's forest crisis and the importance of community rights. Lessons from Ghana's experience show that political will can be strengthened by organized civil society groups engaging strategically with clear objectives to leverage pressure on governments.
R&D Bottom Up for REDD+
1. The document discusses research and development for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) carbon capture and storage approaches at the community landscape level in Oaxaca, Mexico.
2. It involves working with various organizations across forest, agroforestry, and agricultural landscapes including community forests, shade coffee producing units, forest ejidos, indigenous groups, and coffee cooperatives.
3. The approach involves translating technical concepts like carbon dioxide and capture and storage into concrete, locally relevant terms, as well as evaluating costs, responsibilities, and benefits for participating communities.
Securing rights as a mitigation measure
1. Recognizing community tenure rights over forest lands is a low-cost way to promote better forest management and reduce deforestation, with costs ranging from $0.05 to $9 per hectare on average.
2. Securing these tenure rights is important for REDD+ programs to work effectively by giving local communities incentives to conserve forests, yet the full costs of REDD+ programs are still unknown.
3. Recognizing tenure rights is a complex political process but methodologies exist, and it is feasible and important to scale up recognition of community rights over the 350 million hectares of forest lands they already own or manage.
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Direitos das Mulheres à Terra e aos Recursos Florestais
O documento discute os direitos das mulheres à terra e recursos florestais na Amazônia, traçando uma linha do tempo dos avanços legais desde a Constituição de 1988 e das marchas das margaridas. Apesar dos avanços, observa-se que as leis nem sempre se refletem na prática devido à sociedade patriarcal. O documento também destaca a experiência das quebradeiras de coco babaçu e suas leis de proteção.
Conference Outcome And Action
The document outlines goals and actions around UNFCCC negotiations and REDD/avoided deforestation programs. It calls for inserting text into UNFCCC agreements to underline the rights of indigenous peoples and respect other international obligations. It also advocates for multi-stakeholder national committees to develop national REDD plans and ensuring indigenous and local community representation in decision-making structures for all REDD schemes.
The challenges of monitoring and permanence
The document discusses key issues related to monitoring, permanence, and indigenous peoples in the context of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). It notes the different definitions of "forest" and challenges of determining what constitutes natural forest versus semi-natural or naturally regenerated land. It also outlines minimum standards for independent forest monitoring and specific monitoring needs for REDD programs. The document questions which carbon standards should be used and raises concerns that indigenous peoples displaced by forest protection efforts can negatively impact forest ecosystems.
International agreements and independent advisory groups
The document discusses experiments with establishing independent advisory groups to provide civil society perspectives and expertise to international agreements and organizations related to forests and climate change. It provides examples of the Civil Society Advisory Group to the International Tropical Timber Council and the External Advisory Group to the World Bank's forest strategy. These groups have helped improve agreements, safeguards, and programming and provided more responsive and legitimate mechanisms. The document recommends establishing similar advisory groups to guide and monitor climate investments and ensure social dimensions of climate change are adequately addressed.
Issues of effectiveness, efficiency and equity in REDD implementation
(1) The document discusses the importance of rights in REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) programs in order to ensure their effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. (2) If rights are not adequately addressed, REDD risks worsening rights violations and benefiting only large forest owners. (3) To properly address rights, prior forest tenure reform, procedural safeguards, and enabling policies are necessary steps in REDD.
The value of multi-stakeholder consultation at the national level
Ghana's VPA process aimed to reform the country's forest sector governance through multi-stakeholder engagement. Over 150 years, Ghana's elite had expropriated communal forest resources, leading to environmental devastation, rural poverty, and corruption. The VPA process formally focused on illegal logging but served as a vehicle for pro-community forces to engage with powerful economic interests. Through the process, civil society participation in forest policy discussions increased substantially. The VPA process also raised public awareness of Ghana's forest crisis and the importance of community rights. Lessons from Ghana's experience show that political will can be strengthened by organized civil society groups engaging strategically with clear objectives to leverage pressure on governments.
R&D Bottom Up for REDD+
1. The document discusses research and development for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) carbon capture and storage approaches at the community landscape level in Oaxaca, Mexico.
2. It involves working with various organizations across forest, agroforestry, and agricultural landscapes including community forests, shade coffee producing units, forest ejidos, indigenous groups, and coffee cooperatives.
3. The approach involves translating technical concepts like carbon dioxide and capture and storage into concrete, locally relevant terms, as well as evaluating costs, responsibilities, and benefits for participating communities.
Securing rights as a mitigation measure
1. Recognizing community tenure rights over forest lands is a low-cost way to promote better forest management and reduce deforestation, with costs ranging from $0.05 to $9 per hectare on average.
2. Securing these tenure rights is important for REDD+ programs to work effectively by giving local communities incentives to conserve forests, yet the full costs of REDD+ programs are still unknown.
3. Recognizing tenure rights is a complex political process but methodologies exist, and it is feasible and important to scale up recognition of community rights over the 350 million hectares of forest lands they already own or manage.
Norway’s climate and forest initiative
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The document discusses community-based forest management (CBFM) and joint forest management (JFM) approaches in Tanzania. It provides context on Tanzania's forest coverage and definitions of CBFM and JFM. It then summarizes the potential impacts of CBFM on livelihoods, the current status of participatory forest management in Tanzania, and some challenges. The document concludes by discussing opportunities for REDD+ carbon financing and considerations around ownership, benefit-sharing, and payment mechanisms.
National REDD strategy Panama
This document summarizes Panama's efforts to reduce deforestation through REDD initiatives. It provides historical deforestation rates in Panama and goals to reduce the rate. Key drivers of deforestation are identified. The implementation strategy involves various national plans and programs. Objectives are to provide incentives to communities and sustainable development while conserving biodiversity and mitigating climate change. Steps are outlined to strengthen capacities for REDD monitoring, management and participation of indigenous groups.
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1) Climate change is significantly impacted by deforestation, which could lead to $1 trillion in annual damages by 2100 if left unaddressed.
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3. Key challenges discussed include integrating customary systems into national law, reforming land administration services, ensuring adequate community representation and governance post-delimitation, and balancing tenure security with sustainable resource management.
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2) Reducing deforestation would help protect the livelihoods of millions of people who depend on forests and lower the costs of tackling climate change.
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The document reviews current knowledge on compensation and incentives for ecosystem services. It finds that while the drivers of land use change are known, payments for ecosystem services programs are still largely unproven. Resolving rights is necessary but not sufficient for managing forests and woodlands. The review examines land use change and lessons from payments programs in Amazon, Congo, Miombo Woodlands and Southeast Asia, finding that effectiveness and additionality are still unclear. It recommends Norway's REDD program start pilot initiatives and improve monitoring, legal frameworks, and governance.
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The document discusses climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies within agriculture. It outlines roles for community-based approaches in areas like weather monitoring, natural resource management, developing drought and pest resistant crops, local safety nets, and disaster management. It also discusses adaptation strategies outside of agriculture like occupational diversification and migration. The document concludes that institutional diversity increases resilience and that a range of local organizational forms and property rights regimes are needed. Both local and higher-level institutions are critical, with policies and mandates establishing standards and supporting a variety of strategies.
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一比一原版新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）如何办理
一模一样【微信：A575476】【新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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