This document discusses making applications idempotent to enable parallelism and transparency in cloud computing. It defines idempotence as a function that produces the same output regardless of the number of times it is called with the same input. The document proposes achieving idempotence through stateless and referentially transparent functions. It describes how to implement idempotence through unique request identifiers and caching responses. The benefits of idempotence include fault tolerance, scalability, and easier distributed execution.