Write a reflection about teaching and learning that has been on your heart and/or mind. Freely express your thoughts and questions regarding this topic/situation. Describe an incident that has occurred in the classroom that relates specifically to these thoughts and/or questions about your teaching and students' learning. Read your reflection and write an area-of-focus statement, beginning with "The purpose of this study is to...." Describe the process or plan you will use to locate literature relevant to your topic of interest. For example, a research topic might be to investigate reading strategies for accessing informational text. Describe how you will complete each of the following steps: 1) locate literature related to your topic, 2) access the literature, and 3) determine the criteria used to evaluate the credibility of the sources. Design an action research project that addresses an area of interest or problem that you want to affect change by completing the nine-step action research plan described on  p. 61 of the text  Use 2 pages for this work.   Represent the quotes (author, year, and page). Use APA 7.  *** on another page answer two classmates separately more a 100words, one paragraph for each answer (peer 1, peer 2).   Peer 1 Madelen Lopez Research Project  Teaching has been in my heart for a very long time. Teaching is a noble career that enhances teacher-student relationship. When it comes to teaching and learning, what stuck most in my mind is the strategies that are used to impart knowledge. I am more inclined to the learning approach that involves both verbal and visual communication. While the conventional pedagogic methods in teaching have been perceived as the most appropriate and practical means of content delivery in class, I think delivering the same content through technological means would provide more fun. With online and homeschooling becoming more pronounced in the academic world, I believe providing teaching through virtual connection will give educators a new dimension of understanding the emerging issues in this era of technological ecstasy. Additionally, gifted students, and ADHD diagnosed students have been associated with deviant academic behavioral patterns. Most of these patterns incline towards off-task behaviors.  When I was in sessions with a client on mine at an elementary school, there was a student who had a great problem with the one of the teachers. He was always a brilliant boy in class. However, he would always have problems with the conventional teaching methods of the math teacher. These methods would include group discussions, question and answer technique as well as visual learning. Because of his unique way of learning, the student would find it difficult to express willingness to answer questions in class. This really made the teacher to change his attitude towards him. Surprisingly, the student would always score a hundred percent in math. This incident made me understand t ...

1. Write a reflection about teaching and learning that has been on
your heart and/or mind. Freely express your thoughts and
questions regarding this topic/situation. Describe an incident
that has occurred in the classroom that relates specifically to
these thoughts and/or questions about your teaching and
students' learning. Read your reflection and write an area-of-
focus statement, beginning with "The purpose of this study is
to...."
Describe the process or plan you will use to locate literature
relevant to your topic of interest. For example, a research topic
might be to investigate reading strategies for accessing
informational text. Describe how you will complete each of the
following steps: 1) locate literature related to your topic, 2)
access the literature, and 3) determine the criteria used to
evaluate the credibility of the sources.
Design an action research project that addresses an area of
interest or problem that you want to affect change by
completing the nine-step action research plan described on p.
61 of the text
Use 2 pages for this work. Represent the quotes (author, year,
and page). Use APA 7.
*** on another page answer two classmates separately more a
100words, one paragraph for each answer (peer 1, peer 2).
Peer 1

2. Madelen Lopez
Research Project
Teaching has been in my heart for a very long time. Teaching
is a noble career that enhances teacher-student relationship.
When it comes to teaching and learning, what stuck most in my
mind is the strategies that are used to impart knowledge. I am
more inclined to the learning approach that involves both verbal
and visual communication. While the conventional pedagogic
methods in teaching have been perceived as the most
appropriate and practical means of content delivery in class, I
think delivering the same content through technological means
would provide more fun. With online and homeschooling
becoming more pronounced in the academic world, I believe
providing teaching through virtual connection will give
educators a new dimension of understanding the emerging
issues in this era of technological ecstasy. Additionally, gifted
students, and ADHD diagnosed students have been associated
with deviant academic behavioral patterns. Most of these
patterns incline towards off-task behaviors.
When I was in sessions with a client on mine at an elementary
school, there was a student who had a great problem with the
one of the teachers. He was always a brilliant boy in class.
However, he would always have problems with the conventional
teaching methods of the math teacher. These methods would
include group discussions, question and answer technique as
well as visual learning. Because of his unique way of learning,
the student would find it difficult to express willingness to
answer questions in class. This really made the teacher to
change his attitude towards him. Surprisingly, the student would
always score a hundred percent in math. This incident made me
understand that there are other teaching methods that can

3. replace the current traditional methods. The purpose of this
study is to determine ways of increasing on-task behavior
during distance learning time in gifted students with ADHD at
the elementary level.
.
The study will use various works of literature. First, it will use
peer-reviewed journals on previous studies to provide
background information about ways of improving on-task
behaviors among gifted students. Various websites will also be
accessed to get the materials that handle the related topic to
bolster claims of the thesis. Print books from the library may
also be incorporated in this research owing to their authoritative
research voice. The journals will be considered because they are
peer-reviewed thus making them credible. Websites by
organizations or experts will be considered.
The preliminary literature review reveals that past studies are
mainly focused on increasing on-task behaviors among gifted
students with ADHD in a physical classroom. Limited efforts
have been made to establish the way to increase on-task
behavior during distance learning time in gifted students at the
elementary level. In order to solve this problem, this study will
employ both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The
qualitative aspect will deal with the literature review of the
previous studies. The quantitative methodology will delve into
studying students’ on-task behavior in an online class as
dependent variables. The type of classroom (whether physical or
online) will be used as dependent variables.
This study will attempt to answer the following questions
Does the nature of a class impacts on-task behavior among
gifted students with ADHD at the elementary level?

4. Is there a difference in terms of on-task behavior between
typical, students and gifted students with ADHD?
Does technology offer a solution to increasing on-task
behaviors among gifted students with ADHD?
In order to find a solution to these questions, I will use the
survey and first-hand interaction experiences to validate my
thesis. Besides, I will employ a behavioral approach to find
answers to these questions since the concept of gifted students
with ADHD encompasses both behavioral and pedagogic areas.
In this research study, I will incorporate learners of elementary
level, one Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst, a
Registered Behavior Technician and parents. This team will
help in making observations and obtaining information that is
reliable and credible. I will need permission from parents to
allow us to interact with the learners at the research level. I will
also seek permission from parents of the students to allow them
to attend online sessions at home for the purposes of this
research. The study will take two weeks during distance
learning time.
The research will require computers (or laptops), internet
connection, writing materials (e.g. books and pens), and charts.
Two students will be used in this research. The students will
take lessons and do assignments as a class. In each situation,
both the on-task and off-task behaviors will be recorded.
References
Beserra, V., Nussbaum, M., & Oteo, M. (2019). On-task and
off-task behavior in the classroom: A study on mathematics
learning with educational video games.
Journal of Educational

5. Computing Research
,
56
(8), 1361-1383.
Wallace, P. (2009). Distance learning for gifted students:
Outcomes for elementary, middle, and high school aged
students.
Journal for the Education of the Gifted
,
32
(3), 295-320.
Peer 2
Anabel Caraza Cruz
Reflection
One of the things that come to mind when I think about teaching
and learning is that there is an increasing number of students
who exhibit problem behavior in schools. They do not focus on
classroom activities. They talk out of turn without permission,
sleep during the class activity, are out of the seat without
permission, laugh at others, and delay the work activity. At the
same time, many teachers do not have the skill set to handle
these problem behaviors. Questions arise to me: do teachers feel
prepared to maintain order and discipline in the classroom? Do
they receive adequate training in classroom management or,
instead, do they learn to manage their classrooms by “trial and
error”? I wonder if there are simple classroom management
strategies that teachers can implement with success (i.e.,
strategies that result in desired student behavior change)?

6. As a behavior assistant analyst, I have worked in classroom
settings. I have seen the teachers correct the off-task behaviors
of the students by yelling at them and telling them most of the
time, what not to do and rarely what to do. Although the
teachers use this strategy, I have seen the students repeat the
same maladaptive behaviors again and again. I have noticed that
most of the time, teachers correct the maladaptive behavior
once it happens, but they do not use verbal prompts or
reminders of expected appropriate behaviors (e.g., on-task
behavior, following instructions). I wonder if the teachers using
verbal prompts of expected on-task behaviors at different
moments in the classroom can positively affect student
behavior. How should teachers use verbal prompts to increase
appropriate behaviors?
The reflections presented above led me to the following area-of-
focus statement: The purpose of this study is to describe the
effects of verbal prompts on the off-task/on-task behavior of
elementary school students in a general education setting.
The process to Locate Literature Relevant to the Topic of
Interest
The first step to locate literature related to my topic will be to
identify and make a list of keywords. After that, I will search
appropriate databases using my keywords and will identify
authoritative subject headings to locate primary and secondary
sources pertaining to my research problem. I will review the list
of subject headings to identify related subheadings. I will check
the links to authors of relevant sources for additional related
sources. Also, I will check any links to the cited references or
any listings of other articles that have cited a specific source
(Mills, 2018).
For my review, I will examine a range of sources that are

7. pertinent to my topic. To start, I will consult educational
encyclopedias, handbooks, and annual reviews found in
libraries. I will also search the Internet for government
publications or organizational sites that address my research
topic. These sources will allow me to get a picture of my topic
in the broader context and identifying search terms and aspects
related to it. I will also search for books in the university
library. I will take advantage of the resources available from the
library, such as the online catalog, databases like ERIC,
Education Full Text, Education Source, PsycINFO, ProQuest,
Dissertation Abstracts, and others. Other form of accessing to
literature related to my topic is searching the Internet and the
World Wide Web. Through Internet search engines, I can access
information in a variety of formats, such as video, images,
multimedia, PowerPoint presentations, screen captures,
tutorials, and more. Blogs, RSS feeds, podcasts, wikis, e-mail,
and other Web 2.0 tools offer researches a variety of alternative
means for finding information. I can also access online search
engines such as Google Scholar, Google Books, and other
Google Searches (Mills, 2018).
When I have retrieved a list of sources, I will need to evaluate
them to determine not only whether these sources are relevant
but also whether they are reliable and legitimate. For evaluating
the credibility of the sources, I will use the categories of
relevancy, author, source, methodology, and date. For analyzing
these categories, I will need to respond to the following
questions: What was the problem statement of the study? Is the
study relevant given your research interests? Who was studied?
Where was the source published? When was the study
conducted? How was the study conducted? (Mills, 2018).
The Action Research Plan
Write an area-of-focus statement.

8. The purpose of this study is to describe the effects of verbal
prompts on the off-task/on-task behavior of elementary school
students in a general education setting.
Define the variables.
The variables would be: off-task behavior, on-task behavior,
and verbal prompts.
Develop research questions.
What is the effect of teacher-delivered verbal prompts on the
off-task behavior of elementary school students in a general
education setting?
What is the effect of teacher-delivered verbal prompts on the
on-task behavior of elementary school students in a general
education setting?
Do teacher-delivered verbal prompts have a stronger or weaker
effect on specific types of off-task behavior?
Describe the intervention or innovations.
The teachers will implement verbal prompts as a classroom
management strategy.

9. Describe the membership of the action research group.
The action research group will include students from an
elementary school classroom and their teachers.
Describe negotiations that need to be undertaken.
Negotiations that need to be undertaken are with the teachers
and school’s principals.
Develop a timeline.
The tentative timeline will adjust to the guidelines given for the
course from May to August.
Develop a statement of resources.
The research requires teacher release time for preparing to
implement the intervention.
Develop data collection ideas.
Two measures will be used: systematic direct observation to
document students’ on- and off-task behavior, and anecdotal
recording to document the fidelity with which each teacher
provide (or not provide) a verbal prompt to each student.

10. References
Faul1, A., Stepensky, K., & Simonsen, B. (2012). The effects of
prompting appropriate behavior on the off-task behavior of two
middle school students.
Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions
, 14
(1), 47–55.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300711410702
George, K. (2016).
Evaluating the effects of formal corrective feedback on off-
task/on-task behavior of mild intellectually disabled students:
an action research study
(Thesis doctoral, Capella University).
https://search-proquest-
com.ucamia.cobimet4.org/docview/1767788724
Mills, G.E. (2018).
Action Research. A Guide for the Teacher Researcher.
Pearson.