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Community Resource Person (CRP) model of
  making land inventory for allocation and
   possession: experience from Odisha
Strategic Planning workshop for International Land Coalition
                      13th July 2012
Land Issues in Odisha
• Households have patta without possession and
  possession without patta
• In Odisha, ceiling surplus and government wasteland
  are being distributed since mid 70s
   – Land allotted but patta not issued
   – Allotted land cultivated by previous owner
   – Land quality: not suitable for cultivation
• Less than 50% are cultivating land that have been
  allotted
• No state or district wise data available on extent of
  possession of land
                                          Footer Text     2
Land Issues in Odisha
• In order to check tribal land transfer, the OSATIP Regulation 2
  of 1956 was further amended in 2002 and a deadline of
  September 2004 was given to inform the Sub-Collector about
  all previous transfers
• Land restoring campaign was launched in 2007 in the form of
  Mo Jami Mo Diha
• Enumeration of landless in 2004-05: 2.49 lakh homesteadless
  and 4.45 lakh landless households identified in an
  enumeration by the Revenue & Disaster Management Dept.
• Vasundhara scheme launched in 2005-06 to provide
  homestead land upto 4 cents (now 10) to homesteadless
  families - 2.75 lakh families allotted homestead land between
  2005-06 and 2010-11
                                                 Footer Text        3
Enumeration and re-enumeration…
• Implementation challenges (assessment study done by
  RDI in 88 villages across 10 districts during 2009-10)
   – Patta without identification, demarcation and possession
   – Allotted land far from habitation
   – About 40% of households did not have secured rights over
     homestead land
   – People did not receive patta to current house sites, unwilling
     to relocate, allotted house sites are not identified or
     demarcated
   – Capacity gaps at different levels
• 2011: Circular for re-enumeration, 2.36 lakh families
  enlisted as homesteadless (Revenue Department)
Critical challenges to land allocation

Due to shortage of field level revenue staffs;
   – No/very limited household survey to identify
     homesteadless/landless families
   – no field verification and use of old records
   – Incorrect figures as regards actual number of
     homesteadless/landless families
   – Fairly ineffective monitoring system
   – Land allocation ceased to be a priority area for revenue
     staff
   What is the alternative?
Local capacity model for allocating land to the landless

• CRP/Bhoomi Sanjojak is a;
   – local literate youth
   – selected jointly by the
     community and the local RI,
   – trained to provide
     additional capacity for
     identification of
     homesteadless / landless
     households
   – On an average 150 – 200
     households



                                                      6
Process flowchart of land allocation through CRPs




                                                                                 Field
                Phase I        Data            Phase II    Identification
CRP selection                                                               Verification &   Patta
                training     Collection        training      of landless
                                                                             Camp Court



                           Household list,                Triangulation –
                            land database                     matching
                           from RoR, FRA                  household list
                           allotees, village                  with the
                              validation                    landholding
Key features of land allocation using CRPs
• CRP helps in the non-technical aspects of the land
  allocation process
• At each level of data collection validation is done
  with the community
• Community involvement in the process in
  identification and land allotment results in
  greater transparency and collective decision
• Identification of land (free from encroachment)
  that can be settled in favour of the landless
• Land database created for the village with
  updated information from RoR and FRA list
Innovative land allocation….CRP model
• Land allocation plan with clearly identified steps with
  a timeline that starts with identification of landless
  and ends with grant of title
   – The village household list is matched against the Record of
     Rights (title holders’ record book) to filter out households
     who do not have title to the land they reside or cultivate
   – The revenue official undertakes a physical verification to
     check the authenticity of the list prepared by the CRP
   – Initiation of the process of regularisation of occupation by
     filling relevant forms and submission of application
   – Followed by claim verification through a camp court
   – Grant of title
Innovative land allocation….CRP model
• Each step is time bound and the entire process, on
  an average, takes between 4 to 6 months
• With a role in each step, the CRP works closely with
  the revenue official, beneficiary and the community
• While the CRPs move the process, the field level
  revenue official play a key role in CRP selection,
  training and day-to-day functioning
• The scalable components of the model were;
   – low cost, time bound, uncomplicated allocation process,
     availability of literate youth
Land allocation using CRPs in Odisha



                              CRP Model         Pilot
   Status    Results shared                    results
                              piloted in 3
assessment     with Govt.                    and Govt.
                                districts
                                              scale-up
Pilot to Scale
• The CRP model was scaled with a Government
  programme - OTELP;
  – The programme being implemented in the tribal areas with
    complicated land situations
  – Though land was a priority for the project, not much had
    been done on the issue,
  – The programme had the resources to hire CRPs and had the
    necessary human resource to facilitate/oversee the CRPs
  – Easier to convince why the programme should invest on
    land allocation using a model that has been piloted
• Pilot had identified some land settlement challenges
  that a Govt. programme could resolve
Land allocation: OTELP Collaboration
• OTELP collaborated with RDI to achieve status of “no landless”
  using Community Resources Persons (CRPs) in 1042 villages, 30
  blocks, 7 districts
    • 550 CRPs are engaged in 1042 villages who have
      identified over 30,000 homesteadless families
    • Identification of landlessness is over in 978 villages (93%)
       •   21% Absolute landless households (zero homestead and zero farm land)
       •   31% less than 2 dec. of homestead land and less than 1 std ac of farm land
       •   19% having homestead land less than 1 std ac of farm land
       •   51% homesteadless households
    • Field verification over in 485 villages (46%)
    • Patta distribution completed for 137 villages – total of 5332
      patta for homestead and farmland
Scaling opportunities
• Based on the success, Government of Odisha has
  decided to scale the model to 118 tribal sub-plan
  (TSP) blocks that has 18,000 villages with about 1
  million households – most likely allocate land to
  about half a million households
• Land allocation programme in collaboration with
  National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) – initiated
  in a one block, to gradually cover other blocks
Concluding remarks
• Third party – private individual can be effective in
  land allocation for the poor, an example of Govt. –
  Non Govt. – Community collaboration
• Transparent method of identification of landless and
  land allocation process
• Commitment from Government has been crucial in
  the land allocation programme not only in initial
  piloting but also in scaling up
• Role of CRP can go much beyond land allocation…
Footer Text   16

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Rdi land programme ILC July 2012

  • 1. Community Resource Person (CRP) model of making land inventory for allocation and possession: experience from Odisha Strategic Planning workshop for International Land Coalition 13th July 2012
  • 2. Land Issues in Odisha • Households have patta without possession and possession without patta • In Odisha, ceiling surplus and government wasteland are being distributed since mid 70s – Land allotted but patta not issued – Allotted land cultivated by previous owner – Land quality: not suitable for cultivation • Less than 50% are cultivating land that have been allotted • No state or district wise data available on extent of possession of land Footer Text 2
  • 3. Land Issues in Odisha • In order to check tribal land transfer, the OSATIP Regulation 2 of 1956 was further amended in 2002 and a deadline of September 2004 was given to inform the Sub-Collector about all previous transfers • Land restoring campaign was launched in 2007 in the form of Mo Jami Mo Diha • Enumeration of landless in 2004-05: 2.49 lakh homesteadless and 4.45 lakh landless households identified in an enumeration by the Revenue & Disaster Management Dept. • Vasundhara scheme launched in 2005-06 to provide homestead land upto 4 cents (now 10) to homesteadless families - 2.75 lakh families allotted homestead land between 2005-06 and 2010-11 Footer Text 3
  • 4. Enumeration and re-enumeration… • Implementation challenges (assessment study done by RDI in 88 villages across 10 districts during 2009-10) – Patta without identification, demarcation and possession – Allotted land far from habitation – About 40% of households did not have secured rights over homestead land – People did not receive patta to current house sites, unwilling to relocate, allotted house sites are not identified or demarcated – Capacity gaps at different levels • 2011: Circular for re-enumeration, 2.36 lakh families enlisted as homesteadless (Revenue Department)
  • 5. Critical challenges to land allocation Due to shortage of field level revenue staffs; – No/very limited household survey to identify homesteadless/landless families – no field verification and use of old records – Incorrect figures as regards actual number of homesteadless/landless families – Fairly ineffective monitoring system – Land allocation ceased to be a priority area for revenue staff What is the alternative?
  • 6. Local capacity model for allocating land to the landless • CRP/Bhoomi Sanjojak is a; – local literate youth – selected jointly by the community and the local RI, – trained to provide additional capacity for identification of homesteadless / landless households – On an average 150 – 200 households 6
  • 7. Process flowchart of land allocation through CRPs Field Phase I Data Phase II Identification CRP selection Verification & Patta training Collection training of landless Camp Court Household list, Triangulation – land database matching from RoR, FRA household list allotees, village with the validation landholding
  • 8. Key features of land allocation using CRPs • CRP helps in the non-technical aspects of the land allocation process • At each level of data collection validation is done with the community • Community involvement in the process in identification and land allotment results in greater transparency and collective decision • Identification of land (free from encroachment) that can be settled in favour of the landless • Land database created for the village with updated information from RoR and FRA list
  • 9. Innovative land allocation….CRP model • Land allocation plan with clearly identified steps with a timeline that starts with identification of landless and ends with grant of title – The village household list is matched against the Record of Rights (title holders’ record book) to filter out households who do not have title to the land they reside or cultivate – The revenue official undertakes a physical verification to check the authenticity of the list prepared by the CRP – Initiation of the process of regularisation of occupation by filling relevant forms and submission of application – Followed by claim verification through a camp court – Grant of title
  • 10. Innovative land allocation….CRP model • Each step is time bound and the entire process, on an average, takes between 4 to 6 months • With a role in each step, the CRP works closely with the revenue official, beneficiary and the community • While the CRPs move the process, the field level revenue official play a key role in CRP selection, training and day-to-day functioning • The scalable components of the model were; – low cost, time bound, uncomplicated allocation process, availability of literate youth
  • 11. Land allocation using CRPs in Odisha CRP Model Pilot Status Results shared results piloted in 3 assessment with Govt. and Govt. districts scale-up
  • 12. Pilot to Scale • The CRP model was scaled with a Government programme - OTELP; – The programme being implemented in the tribal areas with complicated land situations – Though land was a priority for the project, not much had been done on the issue, – The programme had the resources to hire CRPs and had the necessary human resource to facilitate/oversee the CRPs – Easier to convince why the programme should invest on land allocation using a model that has been piloted • Pilot had identified some land settlement challenges that a Govt. programme could resolve
  • 13. Land allocation: OTELP Collaboration • OTELP collaborated with RDI to achieve status of “no landless” using Community Resources Persons (CRPs) in 1042 villages, 30 blocks, 7 districts • 550 CRPs are engaged in 1042 villages who have identified over 30,000 homesteadless families • Identification of landlessness is over in 978 villages (93%) • 21% Absolute landless households (zero homestead and zero farm land) • 31% less than 2 dec. of homestead land and less than 1 std ac of farm land • 19% having homestead land less than 1 std ac of farm land • 51% homesteadless households • Field verification over in 485 villages (46%) • Patta distribution completed for 137 villages – total of 5332 patta for homestead and farmland
  • 14. Scaling opportunities • Based on the success, Government of Odisha has decided to scale the model to 118 tribal sub-plan (TSP) blocks that has 18,000 villages with about 1 million households – most likely allocate land to about half a million households • Land allocation programme in collaboration with National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) – initiated in a one block, to gradually cover other blocks
  • 15. Concluding remarks • Third party – private individual can be effective in land allocation for the poor, an example of Govt. – Non Govt. – Community collaboration • Transparent method of identification of landless and land allocation process • Commitment from Government has been crucial in the land allocation programme not only in initial piloting but also in scaling up • Role of CRP can go much beyond land allocation…