This document presents information on the Rankine cycle. It contains the following key points: 1. The Rankine cycle converts heat into work through a closed loop that uses water as the working fluid. It generates about 90% of the world's electric power. 2. An ideal Rankine cycle involves isothermal and isobaric processes, while a real cycle involves non-reversible and isentropic compression and expansion. 3. Variations like the reheat cycle and regeneration cycle can improve the efficiency by reheating steam before the turbine or preheating feedwater, but increase costs.

1. B H Gardi College of Engg & Tech, Rajkot
Gujarat Technological University
Prepared By:
Jaydeep Chandra (140040109009)
Pradipsinh Vala (140040109041)
Pushparajsinh Rana (150043109024)
4th Semester, Electrical Engg. Dept.,
BHGCET, Rajkot
Internal Guide:
Yamini Champaneri
Asst. Prof.,
Mechanical Dept.
BHGCET, Rajkot
Presentation on
Rankine Cycle
Under the subject of
Applied Thermal Of Hyrdraulic Engineering

2. *About rankine cycle
*Block diagram of Rankine Cycle
*Ideal Rankine Cycle
*Reheat Rankine Cycle
Advantages
Disadvantages
*Regeneration Rankine Cycle
Advantages
Disadvantages

3. *The Rankine cycle is a cycle that converts heat into work. The heat is
supplied externally to a closed loop, which usually uses water. This
cycle generates about 90% of all electric power used throughout the
world.
*The rankine cycle is an ideal reversible cycle for steam power plants
corresponding to carnot cycle.

4. Boiler
Turbine
Compressor
(pump)
Heat exchanger
1
2 3
4
Qout
Qin
Wout
Win

5. *In a real Rankine cycle, the compression by the pump and the
expansion in the turbine are not ISENTROPIC. In other words, these
processes are NON-REVERSIBLE and entropy is increased during
the two processes. This somewhat increases the power required by
the pump and decreases the power generated by the turbine.

6. *Energy analysis: steady flow process, no generation, neglect KE
and PE changes for all four devices,
*0 = (net heat transfer in) - (net work out) + (net energy flow in)
*0 = (qin - qout) - (Wout - Win) + (hin - hout)
• PROCESS:
• 1-2: feed Pump (q=0)  Wpump = h2 - h1 = v(P2-P1)
• 2-3: Boiler(W=0)  qin = h3 - h2
• 3-4: Turbine(q=0)  Wout = h3 - h4
• 4-1: Condenser(W=0)  qout = h4 - h1
*Thermal efficiency h = Wnet/qin =
*1 - qout/qin = 1 - (h4-h1)/(h3-h2)
*Wnet = Wout - Win = (h3-h4) - (h2-h1)

7. *The optimal way of
increasing the boiler
pressure but not
increase the moisture
content in the exiting
vapor is to reheat the
vapor after it exits from
a first-stage turbine and
redirect this reheated
vapor into a second
turbine.
boiler
high-P
turbine
Low-P
turbine
pump
condenser

8. *Energy analysis: Heat transfer and work output both change
qin = qprimary + qreheat = (h3-h2) + (h5-h4)
Wout = Wturbine1 + Wturbine2 = (h3-h4) + (h5-h6)
Efficiency : Work Done/Heat Supplied high-P
turbine
low-P
turbine
T
s

9. *It improves the thermal efficiency.
*It increases the network output of the turbnine.
*It reduce the steam rate per KWh.
*To increse the cost and size of plant due to inclusion of
reheater and its long piping.
*Increases the size of condenser based on unit mass flow
of steam due to improved quality of steam at exhaust
from L.P. turbine.

10. *Use regenerator to heat up the liquid (feedwater) leaving the
pump before sending it to the boiler, therefore, increase the
averaged temperature (efficiency as well) during heat addition in
the boiler.
T
s
1
2
2’
3
4
Lower temp
heat addition
T
s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Use regenerator to heat up the feedwater
higher temp
heat addition
Extract steam from
turbine to provide
heat source in the
regenerator

11. *Energy analysis: Heat transfer and work output both change
*Energy analysis:
qin = h5-h4, qout = (1-y)(h7-h1),
Wturbine, out = (h5-h6) + (1-y)(h6-h7)
Wpump, in = (1-y)Wpump1 + Wpump2
= (1-y)(h2-h1) + (h4-h3)
Efficiency : Work Done/Heat Supplied

12. *It increases the thermal efficiency of the plant.
*The temperature stresses in the boiler are reduced due to
decreased range of working temperatures.
*The cost of the plant increases.
*Boiler size increases because of the capacity.