Ramadan

List of Contents with hyperlinks
Ramadan : Introduction A
Blessed Month
Beginning
and End
Recommended
Deeds
It’s
Significance
Ramadan and the
Quran Fasting
Tarawih Last Ashra Laylat al Qadr Itikaaf
Eid ul Fitr Zakat ul Fitr Eid Prayer Conclusion

Ramadan
Introduction
 In Islam, a sacred month of fasting
 The first revelation of the Quran
is commemorated in this month
 9th
month of the Muslim year
 Because of the purely lunar calendar,
it falls in different seasons

Ramadan
Introduction
 Month for devotion and acts of atonement
 Fasting during the daylight hours of Ramadan

Indulgence of any sort is forbidden during the fast
 Increased praying and charity encouraged

Ramadan
Introduction
 Ramadan fast, one of the Five Pillars of Islam
 End of fasting celebrated as one of the
important religious holidays of Islam, Eid ul Fitr.

Ramadan
Introduction
Narrated by Abdullah ibn Umar
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
"Paradise is decorated for Ramadan from the
beginning of the year till a following year, and when
the first day of Ramadan comes, a wind under the
throne blows some of the leaves of paradise on the
maidens with large bright eyes, and they say, `My
Lord, appoint us husbands from among Thy servants,
with whom we shall be happy and who will be happy
with us."
Al-Tirmidhi, Hadith #1967

Ramadan
Enjoys special importance
The Holy Prophetsaw
said:
"It is Allah's Own month"
 It is the chief of all months
and the most glorious one

Ramadan
What is it ?
 Ninth and the most sacred Islamic
month
 for increased devotion and fasting
 derived from ramd
 Arabic for intense heat and sun-scorched ground

Ramadan
The word
 The linguistic connection:
 refers to hot, dry sensation of thirst during this month
 Ramadan scorches evil like the sun scorches the
earth
 heat shapes and influences matter — so does
Ramadan shape and influence the believer

Ramadan
Fasting
 A month of mandatory fasting/sawm
 Quran, surah al Baqarah, verse 185

Ramadan
Fasting
 Quran, surah al Baqarah, verse 185
 “The month of Ramazan is that in which the Quran
was revealed, a guidance to men and clear proofs of
the guidance and the distinction; therefore whoever
of you is present in the month, he shall fast therein,
and whoever is sick or upon a journey, then (he shall
fast) a (like) number of other days; Allah desires ease
for you, and He does not desire for you difficulty, and
(He desires) that you should complete the number
and that you should exalt the greatness of Allah for
His having guided you and that you may give thanks”

Ramadan
Fasting
 Sacred because the first verses of
Quran were revealed by Allah to the
Prophetsaw
 Fasting thought to figuratively burn away all sin
 First day of the next month celebrated as
“Festival of Breaking Fast” or Eid ul Fitr

Ramadan
Fasting
 Saum in Islamic law is refraining from al-mufattiraat
(those actions that nullify the fast)
 Starting from the second break of dawn (i.e. when
one can distinguish the break of [white] light from the
eastern horizon)
 Until sunset
 With the intention of doing so (as a form of worship)

Ramadan
Hadith
The Prophetsaw
said :
“He who does not desist from obscene language and
acting obscenely, Allah has no need that he did not
eat or drink”
Bukhari

Ramadan
Holy month
 Ramadan is a time for
 increased devotion
 reading of the Quran
 self-improvement
 community involvement
 charity
 virtuous deeds

Ramadan
The new moon
 When does Ramadan begin and end?
 Islamic calendar is lunar
 Gregorian date changes every year
 Next Ramadan about 11-12 days earlier
 Can fall in any season of the year
Takes about 35 years for Ramadan
to complete a whole cycle through the seasons

Ramadan
The new moon
 Start/end of Ramadan traditionally based on
sighting the hilal
 If seen by eve of 29 Shaaban, Ramadan on day 30
 If not ,Shaaban 30 days & Ramadan the next day

The same procedure applies at the end of Ramadan.
Western countries more likely to start a day earlier, as moonset
occurs later and more chance of lunar sighting on 29 Shaaban

Ramadan
3 Parts
 The holy month of Ramadan is divided
into three parts:
 Rahmat : meaning "mercy of God
 Maghfirat : meaning "forgiveness of God“
 Nijaat : meaning "salvation"

Ramadan
3 Parts
 In the first part : Allah showers mercy and
blessings, so that his servants may acquire all their
needs
 In the second part : the servants are purified
of past sins
 In the third part : - Allah keeps them under His
benevolence and kindness
- accepts prayers
- keeps them safe from
His wrath in the Hereafter

Ramadan
Desired Actions
 Good and desired actions specified for
Ramadan
.A. Careful performance of obligatory acts :
 salaat

fasting

Ramadan
Desired Actions
Narrated by Abu Huraira
I heard Allah’s Apostle saying regarding Ramadan,
"Whoever prayed at night in it (the month of
Ramadan) out of sincere faith and hoping for a
reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be
forgiven."
Sahih Al-Bukhari Hadith 3.226

Ramadan
Desired Actions
.B. Increasing the supererogatory acts:
 reading Quran
 performance of the Taraweeh prayer
 performance of the Tahajjud prayer
 giving charity
 Itikaaf

Ramadan
Desired Actions
Narrated by Ibn Abbas
When the Prophet returned after performing his Hajj,
he asked Um Sinan Al-Ansari, "What did forbid you to
perform Hajj?" She replied, "Father of so-and-so (i.e.
her husband) had two camels and he performed Hajj
on one of them, and the second is used for the
irrigation of our land." The Prophet said (to her),
"Perform `Umra in the month of Ramadan, (as it is
equivalent to Hajj or Hajj with me (in reward).”

Hadith
Prophet Muhammadsaw
said:
“Ramadan burns the sins and faults,
just as the fire burns the wood.”

Quran
Surah al Baqarah: 183
 Fasting was made obligatory for the
followers of all the Prophets :
“O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for
you, as it was prescribed for those who
preceded you; that perhaps you will be
mindful of God.”

Ramadan
Why is it important ?
 The Holy Qur’an,
the greatest favor upon humankind, was gifted in
this month

It is the month of Quran
 Ramadan is declared by Allah
as a month of blessings

Ramadan
Why is it important ?
 An annual institution containing all
conceivable attributes for
human excellence
 training for the body and soul
 a renewal of life
 encouraging the spirit of sharing and giving

Hadith
 The importance of this divine month
was reiterated by the Prophetsaw
when
he said,
“The Month of Ramadan is the month of Allah
(God), bringing His Mercy and Forgiveness.”

Ramadan
Moral Significance
 Month of obligatory fasting
 fast of Ramadan commemorating the revelation of
Qur'an
 A time to reflect and refresh pledge of being perfect
witnesses of the Prophets’ lifestyle
 Time to look at one’s self critically
 Abstinence and restrain practiced

Ramadan
Moral Significance
 Saum of Ramadan instills
Taqwa and fear of Allah
controls 2 aspects of body, which are the
root causes of human downfall
- the stomach
- the private parts

Ramadan
Social Significance
 Ramadan is known as the month of
invitations and visitations
 Enhances and energizes friendships and family ties
 The Prophetsaw
called it a month of sympathy
 Instills empathy for the indigent
 An equalizer of rich and poor

Ramadan
Spiritual Significance
 The Prophet (pbuh) said that
"When Ramadan starts, the gates of paradise are
opened and the gates of Hell are closed and the
Satans are chained. “
 The Prophet (pbuh) has said in the meaning:
‘Woe to one, Ramadan reached to him but
he could not use it for forgiveness of his
sins’
 Allah denies access of Satans to believers deeds so
they can come closer to Him

Ramadan
 Instills the essence of consciousness of
Allah
 increases moral courage
 guides the heart (Qalb) from spoilage and moral
indecency
 level of Taqwa is raised, the person avoids the sins
 A believer becomes one with religion
 Feels a genuine need to do good

Ramadan
 The Prophet (pbuh) said
"Fasting is regarded as having acquired half
of
patience"
 Patience is the pinnacle of self-mastery, discipline
and spiritual agility
 Rigorous disciplining during Ramadan
 Leading of a more refined and introspective life

Ramadan
 Increased generosity of Muslims
 Increased Taqwa during Ramadan
 Allah accepts repentance
 Acceptance of Dua’s

Ramadan
Narrated by Abu Huraira, The Holy Prophet, pbuh, said,
"Whoever believes in Allah and His Apostle, offers
prayers perfectly and fasts (the month of) Ramadan
then it is incumbent upon Allah to admit him into
Paradise, whether he emigrates for Allah`s cause or
stays in the land where he was born."
They (the companions of the Prophet) said, "O Allah`s Apostle!
Should we not inform the people of that?" He said, "There are
one-hundred degrees in Paradise which Allah has prepared for
those who carry on Jihad in His Cause. The distance between
every two degrees is like the distance between the sky and the
Earth, so if you ask Allah for anything, ask Him for the Firdaus,
for it is the last part of Paradise and the highest part of
Paradise, and at its top there is the Throne of the Beneficent,
and from it gush forth the rivers of Paradise."

Ramadan
Significance for Health
 Improves all aspects of health
 Regularises life
 Moderates lifestyle
 Time to give up bad habits
 Control over addictions
 Detoxifies and purifies body
 Rests the digestive system (stomach, secretions)
 Beneficial for blood pressure, obesity

Better mental health (less stress, more inner peace)

Ramadan
Blessings
 Ramadan is the period of purgation
 The blessings of Ramadan are not limited to
fasting alone
 any worship is rewarded many times over
 good deeds also a source of great Divine favor
 Muslims ask for Allah's blessings to make their life
meaningful

Ramadan
Acceptance of Duas
 In Ramadan Allah answers the servant’s
supplication
 The Prophet, pbuh, said:
“To every Muslim is an answered supplication
(du’aa) in Ramadan.”
 this particular time is at Iftar

Ramadan
Reading Quran
 It is the duty of every Muslim to read Quran
in Ramadan
- try to understand meaning of the Quran &
- gain insight into the Divine message enshrined
therein
 It brings peace and illumination to the mind

Imparts purity to the soul

Ramadan
Historical Importance
 Of historical significance too :
 the revelations of the Holy Qur'an commenced in this
month
 Battle of Badr fought in Ramadan
 Conquest of Mecca also took place during this month

Quran


Quran
 Ramadhan is the (month) in which the Qur'an was
sent down, as a guide to mankind, also clear (Signs)
for guidance and judgment (Between right and
wrong). So every one of you who is present (at his
home) during that month should spend it in fasting…“

Ramadan and Quran
The Link
 This Quranic verse explains the inseparable link
between Quran and Ramadan
 The revelation to Prophet Muhammadsaw
began in this
month
 The night in which the Qur'an was revealed is known
as The Night of Power or The Night of Destiny.

Ramadan
A celebration
 Ramadan can be said to be a celebration of
the revelation
 A celebration of the Quran as a living guidance to
humanity
 A proof of the divinity of Allah
 A proof of the authenticity of the prophethood of
Muhammadsaw
 Proof of the supremacy of revelation over all else

Ramadan
Key facts about the Quran
Revelation Over 23 years
No. of surahs 114
Revealed in Mecca 86
Revealed in Medina 28
Total no. of verses 6239
Longest surah al Baqarah, 286 verses
Shortest surah al Kawthar, 3 verses

Ramadan
Laylat ul Qadr
Lo!
We revealed it on
the Night of Predestination

Ramadan
Laylat ul Qadr
 Importance attached to this night
 A time for especially fervent and devoted prayer
 Rewards and blessings are manifold
 Praying throughout this one night is better than a
thousand months of prayer

Ramadan
Finding Night of Power
 No one knows exactly which night it is; it is one of
God's mysteries
 The Prophetsaw
instructed Muslims to search for it
during the odd nights of the last 10 days of Ramadan
without specifying any day
 Many scholars believe it to be on the 27th

Ramadan and Quran
The Link
 Highly meritorious to complete reciting the
Quran in Ramadan
 It was recited to the Prophet (peace be upon him) by
Jibreel (alayhi salaam) over a period of 23 years
 Thus, Quran literally means
'recitation' or 'proclamation'

Ramadan and Quran
The Link
 Muslims encouraged to read the Quran regularly and
more so in Ramadan
 The Prophetsaw
used to recite the whole Quran to
Gabriel once every Ramadan and twice in the year in
which Hesaw
died
 This practice emulated by completing the recitation of
Quran at least once Ramadan - especially in Tarawih
prayers

Hadith
Muslim
Hadith Qudsi
I swear by the One in Whose Hand is the soul of
Muhammad, the breath of the faster is sweeter to
Allah on the Day of Judgment than the scent of musk.

Ramadan
The Principle
 The principle behind Saum
is to understand the plight of the poor and needy
pledge to live a more significant and meaningful life

Hadith
Prophet Mohammedsaw
said
"if a person observing fast does not shun untruth, his
having given up eating and drinking is of little value.
Such a person starves for nothing. And those who
rise in the midnight to recite prayers but do not give
up untruth and evil deeds, lose their sleep for
nothing”

Ramadan
The Fast
 For thirty days
 abstain from food, drink, evil thoughts and sensual
indulgences
 from shortly before sunrise to shortly after sunset
 due reward for fasting
 one who takes this obligation lightly is a sinner

Ramadan
The Niyyat
 Intent of fasting
 could be verbal and in any language
 preferable to make Niyyat during night
i.e. prior to Subah Sadiq
 without Niyyat, Saum is mere starvation
(time limit for validity of Niyyat for Saum is before the time of Nisfun-
Nahar i.e. midday in terms of the Shariah)

Ramadan
Meals
 Special meals of the Saum :

Suhoor before the Fajr prayers

Iftar evening meal
often eaten communally
often including dates

Quran
 “...And now associate with them and seek what Allah
has ordained for you and eat and drink until the white
thread of dawn appears to you distinct from its black
thread.”

Hadith
Ahmed
The Messenger of Allahsaw
said :
"Sahuur is a blessed meal, do not neglect it even if it
is a mouthful of drink. For Allah and the Angels bless
those who observe it."

Ramadan
A Special act
 Of all the pillars of Islam, none is more
special than siyaam/ fasting
 no possibility of Riya or show in fasting
 only Allah knows the one really abstaining
 fasting is considered a special worship

Ramadan
Benefits
 Why fast?
 to develop patience and self-control
 to learn sympathy for the deprived
 to cleanse the body and mind

Ramadan
Benefits
 Why fast?
 to gain appreciation for Allah's bounty
 to demonstrate the depth of one's commitment
 to protect against sin.

Ramadan
Hadith
The Holy Prophetsaw
said :
"Satan runs in the circulatory system of the son of
Adam in the same way blood circulates in our
system; so tighten his passages with hunger“
Bukhari and Muslim

Ramadan
The 3 Grades of Fasting
 Ordinary Fasting
abstaining from food, drink and sexual satisfaction
 Special Fasting
abstinence and keeping ears, eyes, tongue, hands
and feet and allorgans free from sin

Ramadan
The 3 Grades of Fasting
 Extra-special Fasting
abstinence & total disregard of everything but Allah
- this kind of Fast broken by thinking of worldly
matters
- consists of utmost dedication to Allah
 To this third degree belongs fasting of Prophets, the
awliya and intimates of Allah

Ramadan
Hadith Qudsi
"All services of the son of Adam are for him except
fasting. It is for Me, and I will reward him for it.
Fasting is a shield. On the day you fast, do not use
obscenity, nor yell at others, nor act ignorantly
towards them. However, if anyone abuses you
verbally or attempts to draw you to fight with him, say
'I am fasting' two times. The Prophet (saas) then
states: I swore by the One (Allah) in Whose Hand is
the soul of Muhammad, the breath of the faster is
sweeter to Allah on the Day of Judgment than the
scent of musk. The faster experiences enjoyment
twice: he is pleased when he breaks his fast, and he
is pleased when he meets his Maker"
(Muslim)

Ramadan
Fasting

Fasting is a shield
 protects believer from sin (ma'asi)
 eating increases blood flow and energy levels
 making easier for Satan to use ones own energy level
to tempt to commit sins

Ramadan
A test
 The fast is the single most important device
to test
 the Iman
 the depth of sincerity
 commitment to the concept of Tauheed

Hadith
Tirmidhi
has been reported
as saying:
"There are three categories of people whose
supplications will not be rejected:
- the person who observes the fast until he breaks it,
- a just ruler,
- and a person who has been oppressed."

Ramadan
Sunnahs of Fasting
 6 duties in fasting known as Sunnahs
- Sehri or predawn meals
- Iftar immediately after sunset
- Tarawih Salaat at night
- Feed the poor and hungry
- Increased reading of the Holy Quran
- I’tikaaf during the last ten days of Ramadan

Ramadan
Mustahabs of Fasting
To partake of Sehri
To delay the Sehri upto a little Subha Sadiq

To break one's fast immediately after sunset

To break one's fast with dates and water
To make Niyyat at night

Hadith
Bukhari, Fath ul Baari No.1933
 "If he forgets (about the fast) and eats or
drinks absent-mindedly, then he should
continue his fast, because it was Allah who
fed him."
In another narration, "and there is no day
owed nor expiation required."

Ramadan
Makroohat of Fasting
To chew gum, rubber, plastic items etc

To taste food/drink and spit it out
(If husband very ill-tempered, permissible for wife to
taste food without swallow it)

Collecting saliva in the mouth and swallowing it to
quench thirst
Delay a bath that has become FARZ knowingly until
after Subha Sadiq

Ramadan
Makroohat of Fasting
Using paste/tooth powder. (Miswaak permitted)
Complain of hunger and thirst

Taking water too much up the nostrils (when cleaning
the nose)

To gargle more than necessary

To quarrel, argue, use filthy or indecent words

To backbite, tell a lie and swear etc. are sinful acts

Ramadan
Regarding Children
 The normal rule

After age 7 : order child to observe Saum
No Qadha if child breaks the fast

By age 10 : compel child to fast in Ramadan

Ramadan
Qaza saum
 Compensate unobserved fasts

are Wajib
 without needless delay
 make Niyyat at night i.e. before Subah Sadiq

omission due to Haidh/Nifaas must be made up
 Qadha saum need not be consecutive
 Fidyah wajib if Qaza saum not posiible

Ramadan
Kaffarah
 Penalty for deliberate nullification of Saum of
Ramadan
 fasting 60 consecutive days
 those unable to fast can
feed 60 needy 2 meals a day
or pay the amount in cash (Sadaqah Fitr)
or give 2kgs flour per poor

Hadith
Sihah Sitta except Tirmidhi
Hazrat Aishahra
says:
"The Prophet offered salah in the mosque and many
people prayed with him. The next day he did the
same and more people prayed with him. Then the
people gathered on the third night but, the Prophet
did not come out to them. In the morning, he said to
them:
'Surely I saw what you did, and nothing prevented
me from coming out to you, save that I feared that
[that prayer] would be made obligatory upon you.’
And that was during Ramadan."

Ramadan
Tarawih
 The Prophetsaw
passed away
and Tarawih salaat remained a sunnah
 Hazrat Umarra
revived the Sunnah of Tarawih
prayer in congregation

Ramadan
Tarawih
 Tarawih () is an Arabic word for
extra prayers at night in Ramadan
The Prophetsaw
encouraged special prayers during
Ramadan without commanding them as obligatory
and said:
"Whoever prays during the nights of Ramadan
[tarawih] with a firm belief and hoping for reward, all
of his previous sins would be forgiven.”
(Sihah Sitta)

Ramadan
Tarawih
 Sunnah Muakkadah for men and women
 Tarawih with Jamat is Sunnah muakkadah
for men
after obligatory isha & before witr prayers
prayed in sets of 2 rak'at each
customary to recite whole Quran in Ramadan
by reciting at least a juz per night
If one cannot recite entire Quran,
recite Surahs that one knows

Ramadan
Last Ashra
 Last 10 days are the most spiritually charged
days of the month
 a time of special spiritual power
 Ramadan enjoys an intrinsic superiority over all other
months
 it's last Ashra superior to both earlier Ashras

Lailatul Qadr or the Night of Power falls in it

Ramadan
Last Ashra
Hazrat Ayeshara
related that :
“ The Apostle of Allah (peace & blessings upon him)
strove harder and took greater pains to observe
prayer etc., during the last ten days of Ramadan than
during the other days.”
Muslim

Ramadan
Last Ashra

Night of Power
The night on which the first verses of the Quran
were revealed to the Prophetsaw
 Generally taken to be the 27th night of the month
 Muslims spend the entire night in prayer

Ramadan
Last Ashra
Hazrat Aishara
said:
I asked the Messenger of Allah: 'O Messenger of
Allah, if I know what night is the night of Qadr, what
should I say during it?' He said: 'Say: O Allah, You
are pardoning and You love to pardon, so pardon
me.' “
Ahmad, Ibn Majah, and Tirmidhi
Transliteration of Dua is "Allahumma innaka àfuwwun tuhibbul
àfwa fa`fu ànnee"

Ramadan
Last Ashra
 last ten days hold a special status
 reflected in recommendations/practices of the
Prophetsaw
and the Sahabasra
 3 major practices
increased praying
Itikaf in the Masjid
seeking Lailat ul Qadr

Quran
Surah al Qadr
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the
Merciful
 Lo! We revealed it on the Night of Predestination
 Ah, what will convey unto thee what the Night of
Power is!
 The Night of Power is better than a thousand months
 The angels and the Spirit descend therein, by the
permission of their Lord, with all decrees

(The night is) Peace until the rising of the dawn

Hadith
Bukhari, Muslim
In a Hadith related by Abu Hurairahra
said:
"He who spends the night in prayer on the Night of
Power, as a sign of His faith, and seeking rewards
from Allah, his previous sins will be forgiven."

Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr
lit. the night of destiny
(is the night of revelation and the night of judgment)
 Pious Muslims spend the night (when possible for 10
days) in the mosques

Devote themselves to extra prayers and study of the
Quran

Hadith
Ahmed, Nasaae and Bayhaqi
Abu Hurairahra
relates
said when one
Ramadan came:
"A blessed month has arrived. Observing it in fasting
is mandated on you (the believers). During this
month, the gates of Paradise will be opened and the
gates of Hellfire will be closed. The evil ones
(Shayaatin) will be handcuffed. In it there is one
night, during which worship is better than worship in a
thousand months. Whoever is denied its blessings
has been denied the biggest blessing."

Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr
This night lends Ramadan its special
character
The Prophetsaw
was first taught Quranic verses by
Jibril, and the teaching continued for 10 days
Allah determines the course of the world for the
coming year

Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr
 No consensus which night of Ramadan is Laylat al
Qadr
 Could be any odd numbered night from 21st to the
29th
Traditionally, celebrated throughout the night of the
27th (i.e. the night between the 26th and 27th)

Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr

The Night of Al-Qadr has a Fixed Date:
The best night in Ramadan is the Night of Al-Qadr,
based on the Prophet's saying:
"Whoever performs the night prayer on the Night of
Al-Qadr with firm faith and while seeking reward, his
past sins will be forgiven."

Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr
Hadeeth of Zurr Ibn Hubaysh
Ubay Bin Ka'ab ra
said:
"May Allah have mercy on him, his intention was that
the people not (grow lazy) and depend solely (on just
one night). By the One of whom there is no deity
worthy of worship beside Him, it is indeed in
Ramadan. And by Allah I know on which night it is. It
is on the night that Allah's Messengersaw
commanded
us to perform the Night Prayer. It is on the twenty-
seventh night. Its sign is that the sun rises on its
following morning bright with no rays."

Ramadan
Searching Laylat al Qadr
One of the odd numbered nights
of the last 10 days of Ramadan
i.e. 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th.
It has been emphasized that it is
most likely to be the 27th night

Ramadan
Searching Laylat al Qadr
 Signs of Laylat al Qadr are :
Early sunrise without rays
Rainfall either at night or during the day of that night
Nightsky will be slightly foggy
Slightly lighted sky without reflections or rays
The angels and Gabriel descend to earth for many
purposes

Ramadan
Laylat al Qadr
 Allah has hidden knowledge of its
occurrence
 out of mercy that one can increase actions in the
search for it during these honorable nights
 by praying
 making dhikr
 supplicating
Allah’s test to distinguish who struggles to find it
and who is lazy and negligent

Ramadan
Observing Laylat al Qadr
 Collective/individual observance of :
- Recitation of the Quran
- Prayers : Nafl after Tarawih
- Remembrance of Allah or zikr
- Supplication or Du'a for self and others
- Reading books of Hadeeth

Ramadan
Observing Laylat al Qadr
 Collective/individual observance of :
- Reading Tafseer of Quran
- Explaining Islam for benefit others
- Giving charity
- Pondering and contemplating
"...and they contemplate the (wonders of)
creation in the heaven and the earth…."(3:191)

Hadith
Bukhari, Volume 3,Book 33: 260
Observing it in Ramadan is established in
the Hadith of Abu Hurairahra
:
"Allah's Messengersaw
would make 'Itikaaf for ten days
in every Ramadan. But when it was the year in which
he died, he made 'Itikaaf for twenty days."

Ramadan
What is Itikaaf ?
 Seclusion in masjid for a specific purpose
which is to worship Allah
 it is a Sunnah
 best time is Ramadan, sp last 10 days
 best in Masjid where Friday prayers also held
 cannot be done at home

no kaffarah if voided, but reobserve it

Ramadan
Prerequisites of Itikaaf
4 prerequisites :
Islam

Sane (person should not be mad)

Taharat (be free from Hadath e Akbar)

Niyyat (Intention)

Ramadan
During Itikaaf
A Mutakif should engage himself in Ibaadat
Recital of the Holy Quran
Nafl Salaat and Zikr

Durood Sharif and Istighfaar

Remembrance of Allah
Learn or teach the knowledge of deen

Ramadan
Benefits of Itikaaf
 Immense hidden benefit
 protection from effects of excessive socializing
 protection from evil consequences of talking and
sleeping too much
 concentrated devotion enhances spiritual growth

Ramadan
Benefits of Itikaaf
Acts of Itikaaf
 turning to Allah by praying Qiyam ul Layl
(Night prayers)
 reading Quran
 making Dhikr
 reciting duas

Ramadan
Types of Itikaaf
 3 types according to Hanafi school of
thought
 Wajib Itikaaf
 when a person makes it obligatory upon himself
eg after fulfillment of a prayer

Ramadan
Types of Itikaaf
 Sunnah Itikaaf
seclusion in a Masjid for last 10 days of Ramadan
(as per the practice of Rasulullahsaw)
 Nafil Itikaaf
no special time/specific number of days
Imam Abu Hanifahra
states that it must be for ‘at least
one full day’

Hadith
Sahih Abu Dawood 2135
Aishahra
said:
"The Sunnah for the one doing Itikaaf is that he
should not go out (of the masjid) except for some
need that he must fulfill. He should not witness a
funeral, nor should he touch his wife, or have
intercourse with her. And there is no Itikaaf except in
a masjid that establishes the Jama’ah
(congregational prayer). And the Sunnah for the one
doing'Itikaaf is that he should be fasting (on the day
he makes Itikaaf)."

Ramadan
Conditions of Itikaaf
The sunnah is that
 one does not visit the sick during itikaaf
 does not answer the invitation
 nor fulfill the needs of his family
 not witness the funeral (by following it)
 not go to work outside the masjid
 not touch his wife
 not leave to fulfill a need except that which is
necessary

Ramadan
Itikaaf for Women
 Permissible for women to do Itikaaf
 if their guardians grant them permission
 place must be free from any fitnah
 no intermingling with men

Hadith
Sahih Ahmad, 3/103
 Eid - a Mercy of Allah
The Prophetsaw
told the people of Madina :
“I came to you and you had in Jahiliyah 2 days of
play and amusement. Indeed, Allah has replaced
them for you by that which is better than them:
The day of Nahr (slaughtering) and the day of Fitr
(breaking fast).”

Ramadan
Eid ul Fitr
 celebrated on the first day of Shawaal
 Eid means recurring happiness/festivity
 al Fitr means breaking of the fast
 10th
month of Muslim calendar
 Marks end of month of fasting
 Salat ul Eid (Eid prayers) offered
 Zakat ul Fitr
 Greetings of "Eid-Mubarak" /"a blessed Eid"
exchanged

Ramadan
Eid ul Fitr

This happy day designed by Shariah
 as sign of gratitude on accomplishment of Ramadan
 as an immediate reward by Allah for those who spent
Ramadan fasting and in other ibadah
 haraam to fast on this day
 day of forgetting grudges and ill will

Ramadan
Eid ul Fitr
 Islam has prescribed a simple yet graceful
way to observe the happy day
- mandatory on well-off Muslims to start the day by
paying Zakat ul fitr
- proceed to an open place to offer Eid prayer
collectively
- After Eid prayer, rejoice in a responsible manner

Eid Greetings
(Fath al Baree 2/446)
 Jubair bin Nufair said:
“The Companions of Allah's Messengersaw
when they
met on the day of Eid, would say to each other:
‘Taqabbala Allahu minna wa minkum’
(“May Allah accept it from you and us”)

Ramadan
The Night Preceding Eid ul Fitr
 Named in a Hadith as the Night of Reward
(Lailatul Jaiza)
 The Prophetsaw
would not sleep in the night
preceding the day of Eid ul fitr
Allah rewards those who spent Ramadan by
Shariah, and all their prayers in this night are
accepted
Desirable to perform nafl prayers in this night

Hadith
Ibn Majah
 The Prophetsaw
is reported to have said:
Whoever stands up (in worship) in the nights
preceding the two Eids expecting rewards
from his Lord, his heart will not die when the
other hearts will die.

Ramadan
Recommended Acts
 Following acts are Sunnah at the beginning
of the day of Eid ul Fitr before the Eid prayer
 rising early in the morning
 brushing the teeth
 bathing for Eid after the Fajr prayer
 Wearing the best available dress

Use of perfume

Ramadan
Recommended Acts
 personal adornment and decoration
 give Zaka-ul-Fitr before going to the Eid ground
 eating something sweet before going for Eid Prayer
 reaching Eid ground early
 walking to the Eid ground one way and returning by
another
 Takbir on the way in a low voice

Ramadan
Takbeer
 Alla-u Akbar, Allah-u Akbar
Allah is greatest Allah is greatest
La-Ilaha ill-Allah
There is no God but Allah
wa-Allah-u Akbar, Allah-u Akbar
and Allah is greatest Allah is greatest
wa-lillah-il-hamd
and all praise is for Allah

Zakat ul Fitr
Meaning
 Zakat ul Fitr also referred to as Sadaqah al
Fitr
Fitr means the same as Iftaar : breaking a fast
From same root word - Futoor : meaning breakfast
 Islamically, Zakat al-Fitr is the charity which
is distributed at the end of the fast of
Ramadan

Hadith
Abu Dawud, Eng. transl. vol. 2, p. 421, no.
1605
In a hadith reported by Ibn Abbasra

"The Messenger of Allahsaw
has mandated the
obligation of fast breaking alms as a cleanser of the
faster from (what one may have done) mistakes or
obscene acts, and to provide for the poor. Whoever
gives it before Eid prayer, it is an accepted alms, but
whoever gives it after Eid prayer, it is only a charity
like any ordinary charity."

Zakat ul Fitr
When to pay ?
 A special charity of the month of Ramadan
 should be given during Ramadan anytime before the
Eid-ul-Fitr prayer
 Because it can be given until Eid-ul-Fitr time, it is
called Zakat-ul-Fitr
 The Prophetsaw
urged Muslims to pay this charity in the
month of Ramadan

Hadith
Muslim, English transl. vol. 2, p. 469, no. 2155
 Abu Sa'eed al-Khudree said :
"On behalf of our young and old, free men and slaves,
we used to take out during Allah's Messenger's
(sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) lifetime one Saa` of
grain, cheese or raisins".

Zakat ul Fitr
Who must pay ?
 Waajib on every Muslim as long as one has
the means to do so
 poor or rich, man or woman, sane or insane
 amount of this zakat must be enough to feed a poor
or needy person
 the head of the household may pay the required
amount for the other members

Zakat ul Fitr
Why pay it ?
 meant to expiate for any mistakes or wrongdoings
a person may have done during this blessed month
 helps the poor and needy
takes care of their needs in the month of Ramadan
makes it possible for them to celebrate Eid with other
Muslims

Hadith
Bukhari, Volume 2, Hadith No. 579
Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them
both, said :
"The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him,
enjoined the payment of one Sa’ of dates or one Sa’
of barley as Zakat ul Fitr on every Muslim, young and
old, male and female, free and slave."

Zakat ul Fitr
How much ?
 The amount is the same for everyone
 regardless of their different income brackets
 minimum amount is one Saa` (two handfuls ) of food,
grain or dried fruit for each member of the family
 This calculation is based on Ibn Umar's
report

Zakat ul Fitr
How much ?
 The amount fixed by the Prophet (peace and
blessings be upon him)
incumbent on every Muslim who possesses one Sa`
(2.176 kilograms or 4.797 pounds) of dates or barley
which is not needed as a basic food for himself or his
family
for the duration of one day and night
 Some jurists allow paying equivalent in cash

Zakat ul Fitr
When to pay ?
 Should be given during Ramadan any time
but before the Eid prayer
 should be given to the poor and needy
 Individuals can make payments to Islamic charitable
organizations
 These organizations then should distribute these
funds soon and to the needy people on time

Zakat ul Fitr
Virtues
 Declared by the Prophetsaw
a perquisite for the
acceptance of fasting
 Meant to :
cement relationship between members of Muslim
society
alleviate pain of the poor
cultivate sense of brotherhood and solidarity

Hadith
Abu Dawud & Tirmidhi
The Holy Prophetsaw
has said :
"Have mercy upon those on earth, and
those in heaven will have mercy upon
you."

Zakat ul Fitr
Important Points
 permissible for a wealthy woman to pay Zakat to her
husband, who is poor, however the opposite is not
permissible
 Zakat ul Fitr not required from one who does not
possess a day’s worth of food
 Whoever possesses more than a day’s worth of food
and he gives it (as his Zakat-ul-Fitr), this will suffice
him

Ramadan
Eid Prayer
 It is a Wajib salaat
can be performed any time between the Ishraq and
Zawal
 Hazrat Umarra
said:
“The prayer of Eid and al-Adhaa is two complete
rak’ahs, not shortened. This is according to the words
of your Prophet, and the liar is doomed.”

Ramadan
Eid Prayer
 No Iqaamah or Azaan
 Six extra Takbeers
 The prayer comes before the khutbah
 No nafl prayers before or after the Eid prayer
 If Eid prayer in a mosque, pray 2 rak’ahs Tahiyat al-
Masjid before sitting down

Ramadan
Eid Prayer
 In this Salah, Khutbah is a Sunnah
 is delivered after the Salah
 listening to the Khutbah of Eid Salah is wajib
 Eid prayer in an open field
and not in a mosque
 If difficult, can be performed in a big mosque

Hadith
Sahih Muslim, 878
 Al-Nu’maan ibn Bishr said:
“The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him) used to recite on the two Eids and
on Fridays, Sabbih isma rabbika’l-a’laa [al-A’laa 87:1]
and Hal ataaka hadeeth al-ghaashiyah [al-
Ghaashiyah 88:1].”

Ramadan
Conclusion
 The believer knows that :
- the Lord of Ramadan is also Lord of other months
- that He is the Lord of all times and places
- so he is steadfast upon the Shariah of Allah
until he meets Him while He is pleased with him

Ramadan
Conclusion
 Righteous actions are for all times and all
places
 Reading Quran and contemplating, is not only for
Ramadan but for all times
 One must continuously be :
- obedient to Allah,
- firm upon His Shariah,
- steadfast upon His Deen,
- so that one is not of those who worship Allah
only during one month or only in one place

Ramadan
Conclusion
 From signs that one's deeds are accepted,
is improvement in obedience to Allah`azza
wa jall
“And remember when your Lord proclaimed,
'If you are grateful, I will surely increase you
[in favor]…” (Quran, surah Ibrahim: 7)
 So if the servant is truly thankful to his Lord, you will
see him guided to more obedience and distanced
from sinfulness

Ramadan
Thankfulness is leaving sins
“And worship your Lord until there comes
you to the certainty [i.e. death].”
Quran
surah al Hijr: 99

Ramadan

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