This document lists and provides brief descriptions of pharmacies and pharmacy museums around the world. It includes over 150 listings across dozens of countries. The museums showcase the history and evolution of pharmacy through historic artifacts, collections, reconstructed pharmacies and exhibits on traditional and herbal medicine.

1. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy188
“... My job was to show what and how much is the light
that radiates in the centuries of Italian pharmacy,
not a vain and sterile sense of pride as a poet and
clamante isolated in the desert,
but to call the chemist dejected and dismayed,
given the conditions in which the profession struggles today,
a profound sense of our beautiful and virile aristocratic art”
Carlo Pedrazzini
(The Historic and Artistic Italian Pharmacy - Vittoria Publishing, 1934)
MUSEUMS
Museums around the world
Argentina
Museo de Farmacia, BUENOS AIRES
Australia
Dows Pharmacy Museum, CHILTERN, Victoria
Dwellingup Pharmacy Museum, DWELLINGUP,
WA,
Fairhaven Pharmacy Museum, BELLINGHAM,
WA
Sydney Powerhouse Museum,SYDNEY
Medical History Museum
The Savory and Moore Pharmacy
Austria
Stadtmuseum Graz
Josefee Apotheke Leoben
Scales and weights museum, PICHLING bei
KÖFLACH
Heimatmuseum Trofaiach, TROFAIACH
Open air museum Vorau, VORAU
Belgium
The Memling museum, BRÜGGE/BRUGUES
Le Musée de Pharmacognosie, BRUXELLES
The Museum of Folklore, pharmacy section,
GHENT
Brazil
Centro de Memória da Escola de Pharmacia de Ouro
Preto, OURO PRETO
Museu Histórico Nacional, a.o. a detailed
reconstruction of the Teixeira Novaes
Pharmacy, RIO DE JANEIRO

2. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 189
Canada
Banting House National Historic Site, LONDON, Ontario
Niagara-on-the Lake Pharmacy Museum, Niagara-on-the Lake, Ontario
Musée des Augustines de l´Hôtel-de-Dieu, QUÉBEC
James J. O´Mara Pharmacy Museum, St. John´s, NF
Chile
Museo de Historia de la Farmacia, SANTIAGO de CHILE
China
Hu Qing Yu Tang Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HANGZHOU
Costa Rica
Botica Solera, SAN JOSÉ
Croatia
Museum Collection and Old Pharmacy of the Friars Minor, DUBROVNIK
The Old Franciscan Pharmacy, KLOSTAR IVANIC
Czech Republic
Baroque pharmacy in the County museum, CESKY KRUMLOV
Hradec Kralove: Czech Pharmacy Museum, KUKS
The Museum of Czechoslovakian Pharmaceutical Industry, ZIZKOV
Exhibition of Historical Pharmacies, Lékarna Dittrrich U zlatého lva, PRAHA
Denmark
Study Collection for the History of Pharmacy, HILLERØD
Den Farmaceutiske Afdeling, K¿benhavns Universitets Medicinsk-Historiske
Museum, KØBENHAVN
Den Farmakognostiske Samling ved Danmarks Farmaceutiske H¿jskole,
KØBENHAVN
Fonden til Bevarelse af Gammelt Dansk Apoteksinventar, KØBENHAVN K
Apotekslaboratoriet, FARUM
Det Gamle Apotek, RUDKØBING
Det Gamle Apothek (Østsjællands Museum, HEDDINGE
Apotekermuseet “Det Gamle Apotek”, TØNDER,
Jens Bang´s Stenhus´ Apotekerloft, AALBORG
Apoteket i “Den gamle By”, ÅRHUS C
Steno Museet - Denmark´s Museum for the History of Science, ÅRHUS C
Ær¿ Museum, ÆRØSKØBING
England
Bradford on Avon Museum, Wiltshire
The Wellcome Inst. for the History of Med., LONDON
Museum of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, LONDON
Chelsea Physic Garden, Chelsea, LONDON
The Bridewell Museum , Bridewell Alley, NORWICH
Estonia
The University Museum, TARTU

3. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy190
Finland
The Collections of the Orion pharma company, ESBO
The Collections of the Pharmaceutical Society of Finland, HELSINGFORS
Lääketieteen historian museo/History of Medicine Museum, University of Helsinki
Kouvola Pharmacy Museum, KOUVOLA
The Pharmacy Museum, KUOPIO
The Museum Pharmay of Åland, MARIEHAMN
The Närpes Museum Pharmacy, NÄRPES
The Seinäjoki Museum Pharmacy, SEINÄJOKI
The Museum Pharmacy, TAMPERE
The Pharm. Museum and the Qwensel Yard, TURKU
Pharmacy Laboratory, Tekniska Museet, HELSINKI
The Pharmacy corner, Ilmajoki Museum, ILMAJOKI
France
Ordre National des Pharmaciens - Les Collections de la Pharmacie, Pharmacie
Ordener, PARIS
Palais Lascaris - Musée des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôtel Dieu, LYON
L’Apothicairerie de Chatillon-sur-Chalaronne
Musée d’Histoire de la Médecine et de la Pharmacie Université Bernard, Domaine
Rockefeller, LYON
La Pharmacie et L´Apothicairerie de Louhans
L´Apothicairerie de Bourg-en-Bresse
Les Apothicaireries Hospitalières de St.-Amour
L´Apothicairerie de l´ancien hospice de Montluel
L´Apothicairerie de Trevoux
L´Apothicairerie de l´Hôpital de Thoissey
L´Apothicairerie de l´Hôpital de Pont-de-Veyle
Musée Albert Ciurana, Faculté de pharmacie, MONTPELLIER
Oeuvres de la Misèricorde, Centre historique, MONTPELLIER
Musée de l´Assistance Publique de Paris, Hôtel de Madame de Miramion
Pharmacy Museum at the Hospital, YSSINGEAUX, Haute-Loire
Germany
Apotheken-Museum Bad Münstereifel, BAD MÜNSTEREIFEL
Saline- und Heimatmuseum, BAD SULZA
Niederlausitzer Apothekenmuseum, COTTBUS
Apothekenmuseum in Ausbüttel´s Adler-Apotheke, DORTMUND
Dresdner Pharmaziegeschichte im GEHE-Dauerausstellungsbereich, DRESDEN
Stadtmuseum Gardelegen, GARDELEGEN
Heimatmuseum der Stadt Geithain, GEITHAIN
Deutsches Apotheken-Museum, HEIDELBERG
Apothekenmuseum Hofgeismar, HOFGEISMAR
Medizin- und Pharmaziehistorische Sammlung, KIEL
Saxon Pharmacy Museum Leipzig, LEIPZIG
Bayer Pharma, (Museum in the Main building), LEVERKUSEN
Schleswig-Holsteinisches Freilichtmuseum, MOLFSEE

4. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 191
Deutsches Museum - Pharmazie, Museumsinsel, MUNICH
Germanisches Museum, NUREMBERG
Museum im Ritterhaus, OSERODE am HARZ
Museum des kreises Plön, PLÖN
The Liebig Museum in Gie§en, GIESSEN
Städtisches Museum im Spiegelschen Palais, HALBERSTADT
Berg- und Stadtmuseum, with old pharmacy, OBERNKIRCHEN
Medizin- und Apothekenhistorisches Museum Rhede, RHEDE
Apotheken-Museum Schiltach, SCHILTACH
Bergisches Museum Schloss Burg an der Wupper, SOLINGEN
Das Schabbellhaus, WISMAR
Apotheke der Stiftung Juliusspital, WÜRZBURG
Die Zellerfelder Bergapotheke, CLAUSTHAL-ZELLERFELD
Greece
The old pharmacy, CHORIO/Symi
Hungary
Pharmacy museum, BUDAPEST I.
Golden Eagle Pharmacy Museum, BUDAPEST
Semmelweis medical historical Museum, BUDAPEST
Telekessy Pharmacy Museum, EGER
Museum Pharmacy, GYïR
Köszegi Patikamoeseum, KÖSZEG
Pharmacy Museum, SOPRON
The Fekete Sas Pharmacy Museum, SZÉKESFEHÉRVçR
Iceland
The Pharmacy Museum - Lyfjafraedisafnid
The History of Medicine Museum - Nesstofusafn, Seltjarnarnes
Japan
The Naito Museum of Pharmaceutical Science and Industry, GIFU, Japan
Latvia
Farmacijas Muzejs, RIGA LV-1360
Paula Stradina Medicinas Vestures Muzejs, RIGA LV-1050
Lithuania
The Museum of the History of Lithuanian Medicine and Pharmacy, KAUNAS
Luxemburg
Musée National d´Histoire et d´Art, LUXEMBOURG
Netherlands
Rijksmuseum, AMSTERDAM
Frans Halsmuseum, HAARLEM
Fries Museum, LEEUWARDEN
Museum het Princessehof, LEEUWARDEN
Museum Boerhaave, LEIDEN
De Lakenhal, LEIDEN

5. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy192
Norway
Glomdal Museum, ELVERUM
Halden Historiska Samlinger, HALDEN
The Hedmark Museum and Domkirkeodden, HAMAR
The Sandvig Collections, LILLEHAMMER
Norsk Farmasihistorisk Museum (Bygdöy), OSLO
Svelvik Museum, SVELVIK
Tröndelag Folkemuseum, TRONDHEIM
Poland
Jagellonian Univ. - Museum of Pharmacy, KRAKOW
Pharmacy Museum, POZNAN
Portugal
Pharmacy Museum, LISBON, Portugal
Museu da Farmácia ANF
Puerto Rico
Pharmacy Museum, Casa de los Contrafuertes, SAN JUAN
Romania
The Pharmacy History Collection, CLUJ
The Museum of History of Pharmacy, SIBIU
Scotland
Victorian Pharmacy Museum, EDINBURGH, EH1 3HU
South Africa
Old Court House Museum, DURBAN
Adler Musum of the History of Medicine - The Pharmacy, LADYBRAND
The Catharina Brand Museum, LADYBRAND
Spain
Museu farmàcia catalana, Facultat de Farmàcia, BARCELONA
Botica de la abadía cisterciense de Santo Domingo de Silos, BURGOS
Museo Provincial de Farmacia - Colegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos de Castellón,
CASTELLON (?)
Museo-farmacia, Hospital de Santa Caterina, GIRONA
Museo Vasco de Historia de la medicina “J. L. Goti”, Univ. del paìs Vasco, Fac.
de Medicina, LEOIA
Slovakia
Pharmaceutic exhibition of the City Museum, BRATISLAVA
Sweden
History of Medicine museum, BORÅS
The History of mdicine Museum in Oterdal House, GOTHENBURG
The Pharmacy Museum, HELSINGBORG
Leo Nostalgicus, Pharmacia AB, HELSINGBORG
The Pharmacy Museum in the Munksjö School, JÖNKÖPING
The Köpings Pharmacy Museum - Scheele´s Memory, KÖPING
Pharma interior from 1897, LANDSKRONA

6. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 193
The Pharmacy Museum in Old Linköping, LINKÖPING
The History of Pharmay dept. of the History of mediciene Museum at Lund, LUND
The Swan Pharmacy, Lund, LUND
The Lion Pharmacy, MALMÖ
Vadsbo Museum, MARIESTAD
The Pharmacy Museum, MÖNSTERÅS
The Skara Pharmacy, SKARA
The History of Pharmacy Museum, STOCKHOLM
The Crown pharmacy at the Skansen open air museum, STOCKHOLM
The Pharmacy ROM at the Eugenia History of Medicine Museum, STOCKHOLM
The Storch pharmacy, STOCKHOLM
The Raven pharmacy, STOCKHOLM
The Owl phrmacy, STOCKHOLM
The Pharmacy museum in the Uppsala History of Medicine Museum, UPPSALA
The Vadstena pharmacy, VADSTENA
The Vindeln pharmacy, VINDELN
History of Pharmacy dept. of the County History of Medicine Museum, VÄSTERÅS
Vallby open air museum, VÄSTERÅS
USA
Delaware Museum of Small Town Life, DOVER, DE.
The Store and Museum, Chokoloskee
Throop Pharmacy Museum, ALBANY, NY
The Stabler-Leadbetter Apothecary Museum, ALEXANDRIA, VA
Ashland Pharmacy Museum, Ashland, NE
Pharmacy museum, Univ. of Buffalo North Campus
Pharmacy Museum, The Robertson-Evans Pharmacy Building, Ohio Northern
University.
The Donald Salvatori California Pharmacy Museum,Sacramento, CA
Old Manchester Museum, MANCHESTER, CT
Hook´s Historic Drug Store and Pharmacy Museum, INDIANAPOLIS, IN
Shaker-by med “Physician´s Botanical Garden”, CANTERBURY, NH
Museum Village, MONROE, NY
New Orleans Pharmacy Museum - La Pharmacie Française, New Orleans, LA
The B. Olive Cole Pharmacy Museum, Owing Mills/MD, USA.
Owen H. Wangenstein Historical LIbrary of Biology and Medicine,
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
Lemuel Dorrance Museum College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma,
OKLAHOMA CITY, OK
Oklahoma Frontier Drug Store Museum, GUTHRIE, Oklahoma
Pennsylvania Hospital, (History of Medicine Museum with herb garden)
Kendig Memorial Museum, PHILADELPHIA, PA
The Elmer H. Grimm Sr. Pharmacy Museum, PITTSBOURGH
Pharmacy Museum of Quincy & Adams County, Quincy/IL
Armed Forces Medical Museum, WASHINGTON D.C.
The History of Pharmacy Museum, Tucson/Arizona, University of Arizona, Tucson
Texas Pharmacy Museum, Texas Tech School of Pharmacy, AMARILLO(?)

7. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy194
Sophienburg Museum & Archives, NEW BRAUNFELS
Heritage Society Pharmacy Museum, WEIMAR, TX
Cook-Hayman Pharmacy Museum, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy,
MORGANTOWN
Christiansted´s Apothecary Hall, CHRISTIANSTED, Virgin Islands
Varia
Bibliotheca Walleriana
c/o Uppsala University Library, UPPSALA
Linnés Hammarby, UPPSALA
The Linné Gardens in Uppsala, UPPSALA
Ukraine
Pharmacy Museum, KYIV
Antique Pharmacy Museum, LVOV (?)
Museums in Italy
(For other disciplines to consult the web link)
Stadtapotheke Peer, BRESSANONE (BZ) Tel.: +39-(0)472-836 173; Fax: +39-
(0)472-832 777; e-mail: info@peer.it
“La Spezeria” of the Serristori Hospital, Piazza XXV Aprile, FIGLINE
VALDARNO (Firenze), Tel.: +39-(0)55-91 251, 91 25 247.
The Museum of History of Science - The Evolution of Pharmacy, FIRENZE
Museum Art Gallery of the Santa Casa, art museum (sculpture) with a baroque
pharmacy and a colection of pharmacy jars, LORETO
Phone: +39-71-97 77 59.
Historical Spezeria of San Giovanni Evangelista, Parma
Pharmacies history of Pavia (Pavia in historic pharmacies)
16th century Pharmacy, Roccavaldina Tel: 39 - (0) 90-997 70 86 / 7.
Historical Medical Museum of Art, at the Hospital of St. Spirit Lungotevere in Sassia
3, ROME
The pharmacy and chemistry Algostino Demichelis, Piazza Vittorio Veneto no. 10 /
a, TORINO
Pharmacy S. Maria della Scala, (Carmelite monastery), Piazza della Scala 23,
TRASTEVERE Tel: 39 - (0) 6-580 62 17
The Farmamuseo Villacidro, private museum in connexion to an operating pharmacy,
Via Roma, 17-VILLACIDRO (Cagliari) Tel: 39-70-93 20 17,
e-mail: ifanni@tiscalinet.it Proprietor: I. Fanni.
ABRUZZO AND MOLISE
Castelli (Teramo): Museum of Ceramics
Loreto Aprutino (PE): Abruzzo Museum of Ceramics
CALABRIA
Reggio Calabria: National Archaeological Museum
CAMPANIA
Naples: Museo Nazionale della Ceramica 'Duca di Martina "

8. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 195
Naples: Museo Nazionale di San Martino
EMILIA ROMAGNA
Bologna: Museo Civico Archeologico
Faenza International Ceramics Museum
Ferrara: Palazzo Schifanoia: Civic Museums of Ancient Art
Modena: Galleria Estense Museum Medal
Modena: Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology
Novellara (Reggio Emilia): Museo Civico "Gonzaga"
Ravenna: Museo Nazionale
FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA
Gorizia Castle Museum
Trieste, Civico Museo Sartorio
LAZIO
Rome: Historical Museum of Sanitary
Rome: Museo di Palazzo Venezia
Rome: Museo di Roma
Viterbo: Museo Civico
LIGURIA
Albenga (Savona): Roman Naval Museum
Genoa: Galleria di Palazzo Rosso
Savona: Pinacoteca Civica
LOMBARDY
Lodi: Museo Civico
New York: Civic Collections of Ancient Art
Pavia: Museums
BRANDS
Fano: Museum and Art Gallery
Loreto: Santa's House Museum Art Gallery
Pesaro: Museums: Art Gallery and Museum of Ceramics
Tolentino (Macerata): Basilica of St. Nicola Museum of Ceramics
Urbania: Museum and Art Gallery
Urbino, Galleria Nazionale delle Marche
Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta
Torino: Museo Civico di Arte Antica and Pal. Madama
Savigliano (Cuneo): Civic and Gipsoteca "Calandra-Galateri"
Vercelli: Civico Museo "F. Burgundy
PUGLIA
Lecce: Provincial Museum "S. Castromediano
SICILY
Caltagirone (Catania): Regional Museum of Ceramics
Catania: Museo Civico di Castello Ursino
Messina: Regional Museum

9. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy196
TUSCANY
Arezzo: Museum of Medieval and Modern Art
Florence: Museo Nazionale del Bargello
Florence: Museum of the History of Science
Montelupo Museum of Archaeology and Ceramics
S. Gimignano (Siena): Museum and Art Gallery
Trentino South Tirol
Rovereto (Trento): Museo Civico
UMBRIA
Deruta (Perugia): Regional Museum of Ceramics
Gubbio (Perugia): Museum Tower of Porta Romana
Torgiano (Pe): Museo del Vino-Lungarotti Foundation
VENETO
Bassano del Grappa (Vicenza): Ceramics Museum
Nove (Vicenza): Museum of Ceramics
Venice: the Museum of Eighteenth-Century Venice "Ca 'Rezzonico
Apothecary jars
(For other disciplines to consult the web link)
Catanzaro: Pharmacy Leone
Vibo Valentia: Pharmacy Bucarelli
Sorrento (Naples): Pharmacy Finizio
Bologna Maggiore Hospital Pharmacy
Bologna: S. Pharmacy Paul
Bologna: Pharmacy Toschi
Bologna: Pharmacy Zarri
Piacenza Civil Hospital Pharmacy
Rome: Pharmacy S. Maria della Scala
Rome: the Fatebenefratelli Hospital Pharmacy
Celle Ligure (Savona): Hospital N.S. of Mercy
Genoa Pharmacy Cavanna
Genoa: E. International Pharmacy Pescetto
Camerino: Civil Hospital Pharmacy
Alexandria Hospital Pharmacy S. Antonio e Biagio
Bra (Cuneo): Hospital Pharmacy S. Spirit
Cherasco (Cuneo): Sick of Hospital Pharmacy
Cocconato (Asti): Pharmacy Dr. Nicklin Montanaro
Novara Maggiore Hospital Pharmacy
Torino: S. Convent of Pharmacy Maria degli Angeli
Torino: Institute of Pharmacy Rosine
Torino: Pharmacy of the Charterhouse of Collegno
Vercelli: Maggiore Hospital Pharmacy
Mattinata (Foggia): Matthew Sams Pharmacy
Camaldoli (Arezzo): Benedictine Monastery

10. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 197
Apothecary jars in some Italian museums
CAMPANIA
Naples: the Incurable Pharmacy
EMILIA ROMAGNA
Imola (Bologna): Hospital Pharmacy of Santa Maria della Scaletta
Parma: Historic St. John's Pharmacy
LIGURIA
Genoa: Convent of St. Maria di Castello
Genoa Museum of Civil Hospital
SICILY
Roccavaldina (Messina): Pharmacy of the Brotherhood of St.Sacrament
TUSCANY
Camaldoli (Arezzo): Pharmacy Camaldoli Hermitage
Figline Val D'Arno (FI): Serristori Hospital (Pharmacy)
London: Diamond Pharmacy Acclamation
Florence Pharmacy Canto alle Rondini
Florence Pharmacy banner of the Moro
Florence: San Marco Pharmacy
Florence: Pharmacy of Santa Maria Novella
Monte Oliveto Maggiore (Siena): Abbey Pharmacy
Pisa: Pharmacy of the Spedali Riuniti di Santa Chiara
Siena: the Hospital of Santa Maria della Scala
San Gimignano (Siena): Hospital Pharmacy S. Fina
See also: Historical Pharmacies in Tuscany
Trentino South Tirol
Bolzano: Black Eagle Pharmacy
VENETO
Bassano del Grappa (Vi): Pharmacy Capuchin
Mestre (Venezia): Curia
Padova: Pharmacy to the Siren
Venice Pharmacy banner dell'Ercole Gold (Pharmacy Ponce)
Pharmacy banner of St. Paul
Pharmacy banner of S.S. Redeemer
Apothecary of the Convent of the Capuchin Fathers of Giudecca
Verona Pharmacy Institutes Hospitallers

11. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy198
Museum collections
Aboca Museum of Sansepolcro (AR)
Rich collections of books and herbals, ancient vases and glasses pharmacy mortars in
stone, bronze and porphyry. A considerable part of the collection is formed by the
findings: mortars, ceramics, pottery and glass vessels that were used in the ancient
"spices". Among the numerous works of Hall of mortars can find some curious
evidence, for example, the bronze mortar dating from the time of Julius The della
Rovere, by which a chemist named cockerel, on which are engraved some fowl as
elementsdecorative. In the Hall of glasses of note include works of the eighteenth
century that have finely painted bright decorations. One can not fail to note,
observing the work, the shape and transparency of glass containers varied depending
on medication to keep. But perhaps the most charming environment of the whole
museum is the Hall of herbs, which are presented a long list of medicinal plants, their
harvesting techniques that took place during the "balmy weather", the selection of
useful parts to therapy ( roots, leaves, bark, etc.) and their optimal
conservation. There is also a study center and an Internet room for interactive
study. The Bibliotheca Antiqua, aimed at scholars and researchers, is normally closed
to the public. is a collection of over 800 printed volumes, covering the period
between 1500 and 1900, all sharing the fascinating topic of natural medicine: the first
dealt with the "simple" studies of pharmaceutical botany, the volumes of the
alchemy most recent pharmacopoeias through the interesting antidotari
Renaissance. The library finally found space most beautiful works of iconography
botanical woodcuts of 1500, calculated graphs of 1600 and 1700 and fine copper
engravings of 1800. Inside the land you can view the current systems of collection,
sorting, disinfection and packaging of herbal products.
Old Corvi rewarded Pharmacy
Via Nova, 15 - 29100 Piacenza Tel / fax 0523 33 84 34
Wonderful collection of many objects, instruments, laboratory equipment awarded
Ancient Ravens Pharmacy housed in the attic that combines Pharmacy and
Museum. In a special atmosphere, which is lost in the ancient ceiling beams and
rising from the centuries-old brick pavement, can be seen the tools of
Pharmaceuticals: glass jars and containers, cans of old preparations, mortars
(including porphyry Red 1600 and an iron mortar with pestle leaf to relieve fatigue
plague the precious stones), scales, lamps and filtration apparatus for water bath
multiple comprimitore of corks and pills, to press the pulp plant1700, about 30
"funnel" tapered glass but not cylindrical (to save space) positioned on a wooden
board battery properly drilled yet seem ready to use. Among the things the original:
the iron bed with a gas mask on which the old pharmacist spent the night in times of
war. There are also medals, awards, diplomas and awards from Ancient Pharmacy
Ravens at national and international exhibitions, the slides prepared by Luigi
Ravens to a display. The collection: furniture, books, recipe books, documents and

12. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 199
prints, specialty pharmaceutical and cosmetic Italian and foreign '900 and a rich
collection of labels in the pharmacy family.
Mrs Anna and Angelo Beccarello
Varedo (MI)
Beautiful and extensive collection of thousands of pharmaceutical items: manuscripts
(one vellum of '500), forms (one elegant, armoniosacalligrafia and particularly rich
formulations), Pharmacopeia, Statutes and books by the end of '400 on, fantastic
herbaria (including a rare and precious incunabula of 1491 and a beautiful 700 of
each page with dried medicinal plants emerging from a vase of painted paper, cut and
pasted) and six magnificent volumes of nineteenth-century medical and
pharmaceutical plants hand-colored , lamps, vases (a beautiful '700 from Venice,
with inscriptions in Arabic), pestles, containers, instruments, invoices, advertising
materials, Ex Libris pharmacists, moving from a 700 pharmacy, pharmacies, travel,
cassettes military, cobalt green glass jars, cruets, droppers, containers boxwood,
small boxes. Among the original things: wallet pocket homeopathic pill sample box,
containing 700 jars of vipers and snakes, rare shells in boxwood and lead curious
"sticks" by pharmacist. The collection: suture needles end 800, a collection of bottles
including veterinary, security seals, spittoons pocket, spatula, spoons (including a
non-dirty mustache with syrup or those marks or time travel or for the patient lying
down), medals, badges from pharmacy, the first condoms, thermometers, measuring
pressure, scissors and pens and bookmarks advertising boxes of syringes with their
"spicilli" corkscrew special bottles of medicinal closed cork eighteenth
certificates low degree in pharmacy (rural) and high pharmacy (urban), labels from
jars, many thousands and thousands of old pharmaceutical advertising postcards,
calendars of many pharmacies.
Pharmacy Museum Picciola 1799 – 1999
Via Oriani, 2 Trieste Tel 63 040 25 58 (visits by appointment)
On the initiative of George du Ban in consultation with the designer Istrian Pericin
Athos in a fully renovated the first floor above the store, collects in seven rooms for a
total of 120 sqm. a very rich collection that allows you to make a journey through
200 years of occupation: vases, lamps, tools, historical documents and historical
memories of the pharmacy family archive, picture gallery, part of the furniture,
photographs, historical containers, vases of Bohemia glassworks , lab, labels of
preparations, of original things: labels special preparations, such as "Roob anti-
cholera" which earned an honorable mention to the chemist of the time, or "viper
cords" used for inflammation of skin and throat. The collection is enriched by
donations from other pharmacies that have significantly expanded the original
features of equipment enriched with spices and Veneto areas mittleuropeo
character.Overall they are exposed more than 1,000 articles, 1,300 articles, 400 books
and 30 collections of journals.

13. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy200
Pharmacy Museum of Brixen
Via Ponte Aquila, 4 - CP 39042 (Tel 0472.209112 - Fax 0472.832777)
E-mail: museum@pharmazie.it website: www.pharmazie.it
It was created in 2003 by a multidisciplinary team comprising doctors, historians and
economists, in addition to pharmacists, collected into the "Recipe". The museum
occupies about 150 square meters and was built by Walter and Paul Angonesee
Senoner, with the collaboration of Elizabeth Peer to practice pharmaceutical and
Petra Paolazzi for museum education.Collects testimonies of genuine and original
Stadtapotheke Brixen, which has over 400 years and has managed over 200 years
without interruption from family Peer.
Winds in a few rooms, which conceptually represent the sales room, laboratory,
library, but also their homes. And 'possible to identify four sectors with many
themes:
1) Review of drugs and preparations, over a hundred drawers lit, accompanied by
notes essential.
2) Art pharmaceutical, industrial and galenic remedies with every age.
3) Art Chemical, alchemical techniques to the rise of science, whose protagonists
were 800 pharmacists.
4) The pharmacy, the center of production and distribution of drugs, has become a
place for information and advice always available to serve the patient for any health
problem.

14. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 203
“The more you look back
over you can look ahead”
Winston Churchill
ADDRESSES OF THE HISTORY OF PHARMACY
Web address
• Italian Academy of the History of Pharmacy: www.chifar.unipv.it
• Noble College Universitas Aromatariorum: www.nobilecollegio.it
• American Institute of the History of Pharmacy: www.pharmacy.wisc.edu
• Historical Pharmacies in Tuscany: www.imss.florence.it/farmacie.
• History of Pharmacy Museums and Exhibits: www.library.vcu.edu
• New Anthology Foundation Spadolini: www.nuovaantologia.it
• Pharmaceutical Academy: www.accademiafarmaceutica.com
• College of Pharmacy, Washington, USA:
www.pharmacy.wsu.edu/departments/contactus.
html
Postal adresse
• College of Pharmacy: P.O. Box 646510,
Washington State University, Pullman,
Washington, 99164-6510, USA
Phone: 509-335-5901 Fax: 509-335-0162
• American Institute of the History of Pharmacy:
777 Highland Avenue. Madison.
Wisconsin. 53705-2222 · USA ·
Phone. 608.262.5378

15. CHIRON
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CHIRON

16. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy4
Copy n. _____________
The autor
__________________________
Elements on art and history of pharmacy
© Copyright Raimondo Villano
© Research, creation, cover by Raimondo Villano.
All right reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced in publications and studies
without root’s citation. No part of this book shall be stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted by ani means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without written permission from the publisher.
Editorial: Prof. Dott. Maria Rosaria Giordano.
Editors: mobile 338 59 60 222; e-mail: farmavillano@libero.it
Advisor executive: Francesco Villano
Editions Chiron Found. - Praxys dpt.
© 2011 Chiron Foundation, via Maresca 12, scala A - 80058 Torre Annunziata (Napoli)
Phone. 081 861 22 99 Fax 081 353 29 81 website: www.chiron-found.org
Sales: Prof. Dott. Annamaria Giordano mobile 347 61 71 669.
E-mail: annamaria.g10@alice.it; http://www.chiron-found.org
Print LP - Napoli.
First Edition in December 2004.
Second Edition in January 2005.
Third edition in April 2006.
First published in English in Mars 2011.
This volume, with no serial number and signature, shall be deemed counterfeit.
ISBN 978-88-904235-36.
CDD 615 VIL ele 2011
LCC R131-687
CHIRON FOUND.
Praxys dpt

17. 47

18. 49
Caro Dottor Villano,
ho letto con molto interesse ed apprezzamento il Suo libro “Arte e Storia della Farmacia”.
Rappresenta certamente un valente contributo alla Storia della farmacia ed ai suoi uomini che hanno
rappresentato una struttura determinante alle cure degli uomini attraverso i secoli.
Mi auguro di poterLa incontrare in qualche prossima riunione accademica a Napoli o a Roma.
Con i più cordiali saluti.
Comm. Prof. Dott. Angelo Capparoni
Presidente Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria
Chiarissimo Dottor Villano,
ho avuto modo di leggere ed apprezzare il Tuo testo - Arte e Storia della Farmacia - è scritto con stile
piacevole e soprattutto con estrema chiarezza; è il testo ideale per chi vuole conoscere una Disciplina tanto
affascinante quale la Storia della Farmacia.
Una copia verrà conservata, per i posteri, nella Nostra secolare Biblioteca.
Ti ringrazio ancora per il capitolo che hai voluto riservare al Nostro Nobile Collegio e, confidando in una
Nostra futura collaborazione, mi complimento vivamente con Te.
Nell’anno del Collegio 577
Il Presidente
Dott. Gian Carlo Signore
Gentilissimo Dottor Villano, mi congratulo con Lei vivamente per la Sua interessante ed elegante opera
“Cenni di arte e storia della farmacia”, contributo culturale che certamente figurerà nella nostra biblioteca
come volume di referenza.
Prof. Rodolfo Paoletti,
Preside della Facoltà di Farmacia
dell’Università di Milano
Gentile Cav. Villano, (…) sono certa che il suo libro sarà una gradita sorpresa anche per i numerosi
giovani israeliani che scelgono l’Italia come meta dei loro studi in Farmacologia.
Simonetta Della Seta,
Direttore Istituto Italiano di Cultura
di Tel Aviv, Israele

19. 51

20. 53

21. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 5
To
my son Francis,
a small admirable
scholar of Egyptian history
and
those who trust in the ethics
for a profession
to improve quality of life.

22. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 7
CONTENTS
Presentations 13
Preface 17
Historical notes 21
Old recipes and ancient remedies 21
Prescription contraceptive from the "Ebers Papyrus" 113
Recipe for diagnosis of pregnancy by "Papyrus Berlin 113
Amaroco Kos 114
Toothpaste 114
Headaches, due to the heat, especially the Sun 114
Dandruff care 115
Affections of the throat 115
Respiratory diseases 115
Stomach ailments 115
Medicines for hair and skin conditions of the crown 116
Muscerda anti hair loss 117
Elettuario bay 117
Infusion guaiac (or Holy Wood) 117
Emploi Crusta panis 117
Fat rate 118
Hiera composite 118
Mitridatum 118
Medication Roman 118
Arab aphrodisiac potion of formic acid 119
Recipes of the School of Salerno 119
Recipe for stones 120
Recipe for hair removal 120
Prescription painkillers and anticalcolosi 120
Clinical use of urine 121
Therapeutic use of dung 121
Epitima friendly 121
Remedy for hemorrhoids 121
Remedies for skin cosmetics 122
Tamarind 122
Treacle 122
Oil Beeswax 125
Honey Oil 125
Oil Sugar 125
Oil Human Skull 125
Magisterium of red coral 127
Footbath antigelonico of Sennerto 127
Of asthma Sennerto 127
Powder Antigout Benedictine Pistoia 127
Applications aphrodisiac electricity 127
Blood 128
Example of animal products that the chemist must have in its pharmacy 128
Drug minerals used by the Greeks and Romans 129

23. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy8
Study of botany 131
Herbaria figured 131
Herbaria in impression 132
Dried Herbals 132
Major herbaria Italian 133
Wax Botanical 133
Aloe 134
Instruments and laboratory techniques 135
- Laboratory Techniques 135
Distillation 135
Production of strong acids 135
Distillation (by G. B. Della Porta) 136
Distillation in the sun 137
Heating and temperature misurement 138
The degrees of Fire 138
Bain Marie, or Marino, and vapor 139
- Laboratory instruments 139
Scales, weights and measures 142
Mortars 147
Glass 148
The glass pharmacy 149
Vessels 153
The art of majolica 153
Neapolitan majolica 154
Majolica Cerretese 156
Ceramic Castle 156
Deruta pottery 157
Other production 158
Pharmacies 159
Officina Profumo-Farmaceutica S. Maria Novella 161
Pharmacy Camaldoli Hermitage 162
Pharmacy Pitti 163
Pharmacy banner of the Moro 163
Pharmacy Certosa del Galluzzo 163
Pharmacy of the Boar 164
Pharmacy of the Deer 164
Pharmacy Paturzo 164
Pharmacy Molteni 165
Hospital Pharmacy S. Fina 165
Pharmacy "Del Campo" 165
Pharmacy "Lucerne" 166
Old Pharmacy "Canto alle Rondini" 166
Old Pharmacy Betti 166
Pharmacy Serafini 167
Pharmacy La Fenice 167
Pharmacy "to give St. Marks" 167
Pharmacy Hospital for Incurable Diseases 167

24. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 9
ùSpecialty Pharmaceutical 169
Pharmaceutical Advertising 171
Noble College Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis 176
Structure and activities 176
Main publications 177
Prize "Superior Gold" 177
Italian Academy of the History of Pharmacy 178
Executive 178
Regional delegations 178
Calendar of recent years 179
Main activities 181
Magazine and Newsletter 182
Editorial Guidelines 183
Statute 183
Foundation "Pier Paolo Daniele" 184
Competition "Christopher Masino" for the History of Pharmacy 185
International Congress of History of Pharmacy 186
Museums 188
Museums in the World 188
Museums in Italy 194
Apothecary jars 196
Apothecary jars in some Italian museums 197
Museum collections: 198
• Aboca Museum of Sansepolcro (AR) 198
• Old Corvi rewarded Pharmacy 198
• Married Anna and Angelo Beccarello 199
• Pharmacy Museum Picciola 1799 - 1999 199
• Pharmacy Museum of Brixen / Bressanone 200
Aphorisms and curiosity 201
Addresses of teh History of pharmacy 203
Internet address 203
Postal addresses 203
References 204
Books 204
Media Books 205
Magazines 205
Communications to Congress 205
Conferences 206
Articles 206
Web Sites 207
Thesis 207

25. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 11
“Nobody knows his profession
unless he knows the story”
Johann Wolfgang von Göethe

26. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 13
Presentation
he new book by our colleague Raymond Villano richly illustrated with a
gorgeous collection of data and facts about the past of our profession from the
earliest times until today.
The work offers a presentation of ideas through the history of pharmacy and
pharmaceutical literature but also of Italian and European laws, preparation of
medicines, and materials used for their preparation by pharmacists.
This vast fresco of the author is accompanied by a multitude of practical information
on historical pharmacies, museums and structures in the history of pharmacy in the
world and in Italy of interest to many enthusiasts of the history of pharmacy. But at
the same time, Dr. Villano also effectively addresses the wide audience of
pharmacists revealing to people a broad way that leads to cultural and historical
knowledge of the pharmacy.
Prof. Dr. François Ledermann
President of the International Society
for the History of Pharmacy
T

27. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 15
Presentation
t's not often the case in person, exercising a profession, I also feel the need to
possess, in addition to the contents of which it consists and the logic that governs
it, including the historical dimension.When this happens, it means that the
expertise of the professional field have risen to intellectual needs broader and more
articulated, in a word: culture have become such.
Such is the case of Raymond Villa, which gives us further evidence of his
inexhaustible curiosity and his professional commitment with this work, the fruit
together, of painstaking research and intellectual passion. Was well known for its
reliability through careful research and diligent other proofs of his industry insight
and time to examine with the broad realities of our time (I think especially towards
the Global Information Society, 1996) and now that very seriously,rekindles passion
and involvement in human search for ways that his profession has changed over the
centuries by trial and experiments that have marked and characterized the
performance of the same cultural history of mankind.
The history of pharmacy, in fact, heard and presented as the struggle that mankind
has struggled against physical illness, committed, under the dramatic urgency of
suffering, their faith is in divine and the resources of his genius, so that the
adventurous tale of attempts successful or denied the experience is identical with
man's journey into the dimension of time to the laborious conquest of civilization as
slow but inexorable liberation from subjection to the hostile forces of nature and as a
gradual but also unstoppable domination of nature. Hence the fascination of a search
that will win over not only the interests of employees at work but also, perhaps above
all, how many for the first time, as happened to me, facing a horizon stranger who
turns out to pleasant surprise harmoniously complements that of the historical and
literary studies. If we consider the rich documentation of the professional institutions,
civil and political as well as the variety of objects produced by the advance
pharmaceutical science historian, you will be more extensive and satisfactory use of
fatigue Villano made by offering the vision of many evidence (books, drawings,
I

28. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy16
museums, etc.).'s long journey man by the heroic solitude of the origins of modern
comfort care valetudinarian.
So we are grateful to the Author of giving us the fruit of his labor can enrich our poor
knowledge of the long and difficult man advanced on the path of civil progress with
the discovery of an aspect of his achievements so far remained on the margins
ofcommon knowledge.
Prof. Antonio Carosella
Literary critic

29. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 17
Preface
aced with the disintegration of complex societies, as expressed by Salvatore
Settis, can be questioned with more acute our present knowledge allows us to
open up its sense of the classic elements of story, which never cease to say what
they have to say that persists as background noise even when the current rule as
incompatible (Calvin) and, having overcome its own ruin and could show his
greatness mutilated more attractive to their full integrity, they are both time and
memory capacity project. The inferred fragmenta it pereant (John, ch. IV),
reconstruction of fragments of the past, long and difficult, which sometimes are not
enough tracks, one hand can enhance the awareness of having inherited a well-
deserved privilege by our fathers and 'On the other hand, gathering the threads of this
same noble heritage, can project into the future today, due to a rapid development of
the profession rather than a succession of this is, in fact, almost a present. According
Cantoni1
, mainly because Italians often historians tell the story almost entirely of
political life, the common awareness of the past, the memory of it comes out
deformed, and therefore attention to this. But when this is characterized by a weak
policy, the question arises of a reconstruction of this historical time that is not limited
solely to a sequence of political action, moreover, at least with recent evidence, not
ideologically motivated.
And this, the length of time between the twentieth century, the "short century"
according to Eric J. Hobsbawm, begun in 1914 and already completed in 19892
, and
the early years of Century XXI, which was not chronologically started when he was
already under way, is characterized by a common weakness for totalitarian
hypertrophy after decompression or compression by other areas of life.
That grows in humus, therefore, interest in the life "politics" as politically-
conditioning that is the ebb, whether voluntary or promoted, is accompanied by the
application of different quality within that unfolds between curiositas and
F

30. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy18
studiositas on everything is not politics and history, or on its characters and
permanent changes in its course.
If this question remains unanswered and is disappointed by the official authorities,
which are most universities, there is legitimate room for corporate initiatives, ie
initiatives of those who are curious and scholars of the past of his own business,
while satisfying the public interest .
While acceptable reflection of the importance of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe
completion of their professional knowledge by the knowledge of its intrinsic history,
when considered certainty gained profi-cuamente can undoubtedly lead to herald in a
remote future, the enormous potential for training on their academic disciplines and
professional historian can deploy in implementation projects of even broader than,
though valuable, of modern times.
In the development of the History of Pharmacy as a scientific discipline are central to
the definition of its object of study, its implications on many issues, the demarcation
of borders and relations with neighboring or related disciplines. To correctly identify
the object of this discipline, therefore, must take into account that the term
"Pharmacy" is used to identify both a technical and scientific profession that area: it
meets a definition in the various preparatory activities, storage and dispensing of
medicines and technical-scientific as the result of an intersection of various
disciplines such as Biology, Chemistry, Medicine, having as the relationship between
drugs and living organisms.
In this view, whatever point of view, the core of its meaning is the medicine.
It would be a stretch, therefore, conclude that the subject of History of Pharmacy is
the profession and the pharmaceutical medicine. It is not, therefore, to study a
medicine as such, nor to study a drug in the abstract but to study a number of
different relationships between people and civilizations. Paraphrasing M. Bloch,
therefore, the History of Pharmacy is the discipline that studies the relationship
between man and medicine. It is this relationship that defines its subject, while its
rich domain that shows in all its breadth the importance of this discipline in training
future professionals in medicine. In this conceptual framework, the pharmaceutical
profession continues to be important as in the past.

31. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 19
The areas of the discipline of History of Pharmacy as defined above, namely the
transformation of theories and concepts in relation to medicines and the
transformation that occurred in relation profession-drug-companies, are indeed
traditionally the two dominant forms of supervision of History Pharmacy: a History
of Science and the other linked to the Economic-Social History.
Currently, the main address of pharmaceutical history is the synthesis between these
two perspectives that consider the technical specifications of work but are integrated
to enable a comprehensive understanding of medicine in human history. The next
component integration in the history of science rather than the part next to the
Economic-Social History, in each case using methods and techniques identical3
is a
problem of relatively recent approach and is largely be the result of the impact of the
change it can be seen growing interest and appreciation for Clinical Pharmacy.
The attempt here is to be doing, in conclusion, is to stimulate curiosity about the
depth of the issues mentioned and Food is responsible for keeping alive the past from
which we come at the same time as our father and our son, we can not Moreover,
escape from history, or accept that history is made of silence to no end, then, we
silence4
below. Engage, even in the relentless race to the future, research applied to
the recovery of historical knowledge of the essence and reason of their profession,
carefully assessing achievements and mistakes, is - to paraphrase Kaplan
consciousness is absolutely necessary because we realize the recognition, of finding
oneself, of being.
History, in fact, as a "category" of thought, is an inexhaustible source of reflection
and critical education exercise, attention and power that is pushing forward is a sense
of life, life as one of the pharmacist, but perhaps often misunderstood rich with
meaning, full of varied and multiple large part of the great cultural history, civil,
economic, political and social of all time.
Raimondo Villano

32. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy20
Notes
1 John Cantoni - The monastery and monastic pharmacy - No Christianity 270, 1997.
2 See Eric J. Hobsbawm, The Age, trans. com., Rizzoli, Milan 1995.
3 To study the sources the History of Pharmacy largely applies essentially the same
method and the same techniques of historical sciences. The historical method historical criticism is
developed in different techniques. The critical documents is to determine rigorously the value of
testimony and information if compared to other historical sources. The first stage, the critical external or
authenticity, is to determine if a document is authentic or fake or if it is an original or a copy. It is
generally divided into a critique of origin (which includes a determination of the author, place and date
of preparation) and a critique of Reconstruction (which aims to reconstruct the original text of a
document containing, for example, transcription errors ). The internal criticism or credibility is
concerned to determine the accuracy of information contained in a document through five steps: critical
interpretation (which merges with part of hermeneutics and through who is concerned to learn the
content of the text) critical competence (which determines the quality of the text through the author's
assessment of the ability to know and understand the facts), criticism of truthfulness (which examines
the possible existence of false), rigorous criticism (which identifies the inadvertent errors in the
description of facts), and verification of testimonials (which compares the information contained in the
text with other available evidence). The use of historical criticism, along with the use of ancillary
sciences gives the story its character as a science that should not be confused with experimental science,
it is impossible to riproduduzione of historical phenomena in order to prove the hypothesis of, for
example, a chemical phenomenon.
4 Carlos Fuentes, author, Mexico City.

33. Synthetic
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nti-Vesuvio;
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t of Health).
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34. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy204
REFERENCES
Books
• Champier S. - Le Myrouel des Appothiquaires et Pharmacopoles; Item les Lunectes des
Cyrurgiens et Barbiers - P. Mardichi, Lione, 1525 circa;
• Dioscoride P. - Materia Medica verso Rullio, Venezia, 1538;
• Galeno C. - De Simplicium medicamentorum facultatibus, verso Gaudano, Lione, 1547;
• Galeno C. - De Antidotis, XVI secolo;
• Lisset Benancio (Sébastien Colin) - Declaration des Abuz et Tromperies Que Font les
Apothicaires - Michel Jove, Lione, 1556 ;
• Mattioli - Discorsi, Venezia, 1557;
• Galeno C. - Methodus Merendi, Edizione Generale, Venezia, 1565;
• Galeno C. - De Remediis paratu facilibus libèllus ab Huberto Bariando Philiatro latino
sermoni
traditus, Venezia, 1565;
• Della Porta G.B. - Della Magia Naturale, Napoli, 1587 (vers. italiana);
• Avicenna - Canone della Medicina, verso Alpago, Venezia, 1595;
• Galeno C. - De Antidotis, XVI sec.;
• Galeno C. - De Compositione medicamento rum secundum locos, raccolta danneggiata XVI
sec.;
• Galeno C. - De Compositione medicamentorum secundum locos, XVI secolo;
• Galeno C. - De Compositione medicamentorum per genera, XVI secolo;
• Avicenna - Canone della Medicina, verso Alpago, Venezia, 1595;
• Della Porta C. - De distillatione - Rev. Camere Apostoliche, Roma, 1608;
• Mesué, Collectorio, Venezia, 1612;
• Antidotario Romano, Edizione, 1612;
• Weickard A. - Pharmacia Domestica, Daß Ist: HaußApoteck - Erasmo Kempffern e
Johannes
Theobald Schönwetter, Francoforte, 1628;
• Della Porta G.B. - Magia Naturalis, Lione, 1650 (vers. latina);
• Harvey G. - The Family Physician, and the House Apothecary - T. Rooks, Londra, 1676;
• Cristini - Pratica Medicinaleet Osservazioni, Bologna, 1680;
• Ricettario Fiorentino, Edizione 1696;
• Donzelli G. - Teatro Farmaceutico Dogmatico e Spagirico, Yenena, 1737;
• Capello G.B. - Lessico Farmaceutico Chimico Venezia, 1745;
• Castelli B. - Lexicon Medicum Graeco-Latinum, Padova, 1762;
• Lemery N. - Farmacopea Universale, Bassano, 1786;
• Lavoisier A.L. - Trattato elementare di Chimica - Venezia, 1791;
• Ricettario Sanese, Siena, 1795;
• Orosi G. - Formulario farmaceutico officinale e magistrale, Livorno, 1853;
• Benedicenti - Malati, medici e farmacisti - 1866;
• Gilbert É., La Pharmacie à Travers les Siècles: Antiquité, Moyen Âge, Temps Modernes,
Vialelle,
Tolosa, 1886 ;
• Thompson C.J.S. - The Mystery and Art of the Apothecary – J. Lane the Bodley Head,
London, 1929;
• Conci G. - Pagine di Storia della Farmacia - Vittoria, Milano, 1934;
• Prevet F. - Histoire de l’Organisation Sociale en Pharmacie - Librairie Recueil Sirey, Paris,
1940 ;
• Pedrazzini C. - La Farmacia italiana nella storia e nell’arte - IGAP Editrice, Milano, 1964;

35. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 205
• Mariacher G. - Vetri italiani del ‘600 e ’700 - Milano, 1965;
• Donatone G. - Maiolica napoletana dalle origini al sec. XV- Storia di Napoli, vol. IV, 1974;
• AA.VV. - Dossier pubblicità - Panorama Farmaceutico, Supplemento, Anno V, n.1, 1982;
• FMR mensile di Franco Maria Ricci - aa. 1982 - 1983 - 1984 - FMR Editore;
• AA. VV. - Per una storia della farmacia e del farmacista in Italia: Sicilia - Schema
Schiapparelli, Bologna, 1983;
• FMR mensile di Franco Maria Ricci - aa. 1982 - 1983 - 1984 - FMR Editore;
• KOS rivista di cultura e storia delle scienze mediche, naturali e umane dirette da Massimo
Piattelli Palmarini - n. 1 - Franco Maria Ricci Editore, febbraio 1984;
• L. Colapinto, G.B. Bettòlo, C. De Vita, E. Cicconetti, O. Mazzuccato, C. Sciorilli -
L’Universitas Aromatariorum, Edizione speciale Merk Sharp & Dohme Italia, 1985;
• Masino C. - Voci di Spezieria secoli XlV-XVIII, Italian Academy History of Pharmacy,
Piacenza, 1988;
• Gara A. - Tecnica e tecnologia nelle società antiche, Nuova Italia Scientifica, Roma, 1994;
• Giannelli L. - De Compositione medicamentorum, da «L’Erborista» no. 6, Ottobre 1994;
• Corvi A., Riva E. - La farmacia monastica e conventuale - Pisa, 1996;
• Laghi A. - Vetri da farmacia - Menarini Otc, Cantini Editore, 1998;
• Boccanera F., Laghi A. - Farmacie storiche in Toscana - Regione Toscana, 1998;
• Russo L. - La Rivoluzione dimenticata, Feltrinelli, Milano, 1996-1999;
• A.I.S.F. - Acta 34° Congressus Internationalis Historiae Pharmaciae - Firenze, ott. 1999;
• AA.VV. - La spezieria, medicamenti e arte farmaceutica nel Veneto dal Cinquecento ad
oggi -
Università degli Studi di Padova, Antilia, 2002;
Multimedial books
• Villano R. - Il profumo del tempo. Cenni di arte e storia della farmacia - 2^ edizione, 1^
ristampa Eidos/Italian Academy History of Pharmacy/D.2100 - Italy Rotary International,
Firenze, dic. 2002.
Magazines
• Civiltà Farmaceutica 1972/1975 (mensile);
• Farmacia Regioni 1978/1989 (mensile);
• Panorama Farmaceutico e supplementi 1979/2002 (mensile);
• Collegamento 1980/2002 (mensile);
• Farmacia Ottanta - intera serie (mensile);
• Il Farmacista Moderno 1981/2002 (mensile);
• Il Farmacista F.O.F.I. 1982/1990 (trimestrale);
• Tema Farmacia - intera serie (mensile);
• Pro Pharmacopoea - ed. Min. Sanità - intera collana (periodico);
• Doctor Farmacia - intera serie (mensile);
• Chemist 1996/1999 (mensile); • Punto Effe - intera serie (mensile);
• Farma Mese - intera collana (mensile);
• Pharmacy - intera serie (mensile); • Calendario 2000 Collezione Bayer;
• Calendario 2003 Collezione A.I.S.F..
Communications to Congress
• Russo A. - Botanica farmaceutica antica tra storia, leggende e pratica - Congressus
Internationalis Historiae Pharmaciae, Piacenza settembre 1988;

36. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy206
• Merlo E. - Gli speziali milanesi nel ‘700. Storie di antidoti e affari di droghe, in
Corporazioni
e Gruppi Professionali nell’Italia Moderna - Atti del Convegno, Roma, 26-27 settembre
1997;
• Zardin D. - Fraternità, mestieri: intrecci e parentele nella costituzione delle trame di base
della
società europea. Alcune premesse - in Corpi, «fraternità», mestieri nella storia della società
europea, Atti del Convegno, Trento, 30 maggio -1 giugno 1996 (Roma, 1998);
• Cingolani E. - Il Ricettario Fiorentino e le disposizioni relative alla professione
farmaceutica - 34° Congressus Internationalis Historiae Pharmaciae, Firenze 20/23
ottobre1999;
• Torricelli G. - L’arte degli Speziali di Firenze - 34° Congressus Internationalis Historiae
Pharmaciae, Firenze 20/23 ottobre1999;
• Morandi A.E. - La Sinossi di Farmacopea omeopatica edita dall’Istituto Omeopatico
Italiano
- 34° Congressus Internationalis Historiae Pharmaciae, Firenze 20/23 ottobre1999;
• Sironi V.A. - Da spetiale a farmacista: funzione scientifica e ruolo politico di una figura
professionale nell’Italia risorgimentale e post-unitaria - 34° Congressus Internationalis
Historiae Pharmaciae, Firenze 20/23 ottobre1999;
• François Chast - Relazioni sul tema dei rapporti Stato/Farmacia: L’affare Lafarge -
Congresso Internazionale di Storia della Farmacia - Lucerna, Switzerland, ottobre 2001.
Conferenze
• Kristensen - Ruolo della Farmacopea Europea nel processo regolatorio - Convegno su
Quality: a strategic element in the success of a company, Portofino Vetta - Dompé S.p.A.,
17.05.2003;
• Lazzi G. - L’alambicco dell’alchimista - Serata AISF, Firenze, 30.11.2003;
Articles
• Pallavisini A. - Le ricette del Collega di Ur - Collegamento, 5/1982;
• Fremito C. - Il glorioso Amarcord della professione - Panorama Farmaceutico, 10/1983;
• Raitano A. - I medicamenti degli antichi Romani - Collegamento, marzo/aprile 1988;
• Masino C. - La dottrina della segnatura - Collegamento, marzo/aprile 1988;
• Corvi A. - L’alba del farmaco - Collegamento, 10/1990;
• Corvi A. - Il Ricettario Fiorentino - Collegamento, 10/1991;
• Colapinto L. - Tutto ha avuto origine dall’ordinanza di Federico II - Farmacia Regioni, 1-2/
1992;
• Cingolani E. - La Farmacopea italiana dal 1892 ad oggi - Pro Pharmacopoea, 3-4/1992
• Cingolati E. - La Farmacopea a Firenze - Pro Pharmacopoea, 3-4/1992
• Boccetto C. - Le tradizioni di Torino - Farmacia Regioni, 10/1992;
• Leopardi G. - Da I a IX edizione della F.U.: 100 anni di sanità in Italia - Pro
Pharmacopoea, 4/1993;
• Marchisio S. - Grazie Ser Niccolò - Pharmacy, ottobre 1993;
• Cantoni G. - La farmacia monastica e conventuale - Cristianità n. 270, 1997;
• Catalani P. - Tempi bui, ma non troppo - Punto Effe, ottobre 2000;
• Panichi G. - In viaggio con gli Etruschi - Punto Effe, ottobre 2000;
• Mezzera R. - L’amarcord di un farmacista - Punto Effe, aprile 2001;
• Corvi A. - Viaggio nel tempo - Farma Mese, 10/01;

37. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy 207
• Peruzzi G. - Nuovi strumenti per la lettura dei semplici agli albori della scienza nuova -
A.I.S.F. Atti e Memorie, Anno XX, N.3, dicembre 2002;
• Canova G. M.- La cultura universitaria padovana e la nascita del realismo dell’immagine
botanica - A.I.S.F. Atti e Memorie, Anno XX, N.3, dicembre 2002;
• Cappelletti E. - I semplici vegetali negli erbari veneti quattrocenteschi - A.I.S.F. Atti e
Memorie, Anno XX, N.3, dicembre 2002;
• Peruzzi G. - Nuovi strumenti per la lettura dei semplici agli albori della scienza nuova -
A.I.S.F. Atti e Memorie, Anno XX, N.3, dicembre 2002;
• Giannelli L. - Alopecia, un problema antico - Farmacia News, febbraio 2003;
• Giannelli L. - Alle origini dell’Alchemia - Farmacia News, aprile 2003;
• Catellani P.- La Croce di Sant’Elena - Punto Effe, settembre 2003;
• Catellani P.- Farmacisti o attori? - Punto Effe, settembre 2003;
• Giannelli L. - Manualetto per la preparazione di rimedi facili - Farmacia News, ottobre
2003;
• Farma Mese - Continuità nella tradizione - gennaio 2004;
• Corvi A. - Perché a Bressanone - Farma Mese, gennaio 2004;
• Giannelli L. - Gli Egizi e la “Scienza nascosta” - Farmacia News, marzo 2004;
• Barberi M. - Quando a salute e malattia ci pensavano gli speziali - Farma News, 14.05.04;
Website
• cadnet.marche.it/farmacia; • chifar.unipv.it/museo; • diocesi.genova.it; • dipbot.unict.it;
• eikonos.it/roccavaldina/farmacia; • elbuenosaires.com.ar; • emmeti.it/arte/toscana;
• eurialo.cib.na.cnr.it; • farm.unipi.it; • home.swipnet.sc/pharmhist/museer; •
imolanetwork.com;
• imss.florence.it; • landferie.dk/pics/sc/detgamle.apotek.htm; • museionline.com; •
nobilecollegio.com;
• rettorato.unito.it; • mega.it/ita/gui/epo/medalb.htm; • edscuola.com/archivio/alchimia.html;
• galileo.imss.firenze.it/multi/luoghi/oggetti/iimsso.html;
• galileo.imss.firenze.it/multi/luoghi/indici/ipersona.html; • thais.it/scultura/sch00075.htm;
• mega.it/ita/gui/monu/bo.htm; • galileo.imss.firenze.it/multi/luoghi/oggetti/imspecoo.html;
• www.unifi.it/unifi/msn/main_eng.htm; •
galileo.imss.firenze.it/multi/luoghi/oggetti/imbotano.html;
• chifar.unipv.it/museo/storia_Farm_Pv/St_farmacia_Pv.htm;
• medlav.unimo.it/dida/storimed.HTM#Ilrinascimentoscientifico;•
medithema.it/testi/storia/sto14_1.htm;
• medithema.it/testi/storia/indice.htm; • galileo.imss.firenze.it/farmacie/ifi1.html;
• chim1.unifi.it/group/education/montalve/montalve.htm;
Thesis
• Giordano M. R. – Key historical developments and prospects of Pharmacy – University Federico II of
Naples, Faculty of Pharmacy - Thesis completed in Pharmacognosy, AA 2003-04.

38. Raimondo Villano - Elements on art and history of pharmacy208
“Pharmacy,
Church of the desperate,
a little god in every pill”
Pablo Neruda, Ode

39. ISBN 978-88-904235-74
CDD 615 VIL tra 2012 v1
LCC R 131-687
“We have a responsability
to keep the past alive
from which we come from;
is both our father and our son”
Carlos Fuentes