Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world carrying over 23 million passengers daily. It aims to triple freight traffic to 3.3 billion tonnes by 2030 through investments and growing public-private partnerships. Recent initiatives include setting up bottled water units, introducing tourist trains, and increasing electrification to reduce energy costs. Modernization efforts also involve station upgrades, new signaling technologies, and switching to safer coaches. Private sector participation is being encouraged to develop projects previously in the public domain to expand rail infrastructure across India.
Indian Railways is the world's third largest rail network with over 12,000 passenger trains carrying 30 million passengers daily. Revenues have grown strongly over the years, reaching $25.2 billion in FY2016, and are estimated to reach $44.5 billion by FY2020. Freight remains the major revenue generator, accounting for over 67% of total revenues, followed by the passenger segment. Passenger traffic reached 8.2 billion in FY2016 and is expected to increase to 15.2 billion by FY2020.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world with over 66,000 km of track. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and transported 1,107 million tonnes of freight in FY17. Private sector participation is being encouraged in rail projects through public-private partnerships. Initiatives include allowing private ownership of railway lines, setting up joint ventures for new lines, and procuring recycled water from private companies. Indian Railways is also focusing on modernization efforts like manufacturing modern trains domestically, introducing e-catering, and increasing mobile charging facilities on trains. Freight remains the major revenue segment, accounting for over 67% of total earnings in FY16. Both passenger and freight traffic have witnessed
Indian Railways has the world's 3rd largest rail network carrying over 23 million passengers daily. Private sector participation is being encouraged in rail projects through models like participative models for capacity augmentation projects and JVs. Various growth initiatives are being taken like electrification, increasing freight traffic capacity, modernizing stations, and introducing new trains. Technology upgradation plans include manufacturing of modern coaches and introducing a mobile application.
The document provides an overview of the Indian railways sector including:
- Indian Railways is the world's third largest rail network under single management with over 66,000 km of track and over 8,500 stations.
- Freight remains the major revenue generator, accounting for over 67% of total revenues in FY16, followed by the passenger segment.
- Passenger and freight traffic have grown steadily in recent years and are expected to continue growing strongly to meet targets under Vision 2020.
Indian Railways is the 3rd largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and transported 1,107.1 million tonnes of freight in FY17. Private sector participation is being encouraged in rail projects through various initiatives like the Foreign Rail Technology Cooperation Scheme. Indian Railways is undertaking various modernization efforts and technology upgradations like electrification, introduction of new coaches and setting up of waste to energy plants. It aims to triple freight traffic to 3.3 billion tonnes by 2030.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and 1,159.57 million tonnes of freight in FY18. Private sector participation is growing through public-private partnerships. Indian Railways is also undertaking initiatives like electrification, introducing new trains, and expanding stations to boost revenues and modernize operations.
Indian Railways has the world's 3rd largest rail network carrying over 23 million passengers daily. Private sector participation is being encouraged in rail projects through models like public-private partnerships. Various growth initiatives are being taken like electrification, modernization of stations, introduction of new trains and setting up of waste-to-energy plants. Freight traffic has been growing and Indian Railways aims to triple freight volumes by 2030. Revenues have grown strongly over the years and are estimated to reach US$44.5 billion by FY20.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and transported 1,107.1 million tonnes of freight in FY17. Private sector participation is being encouraged to augment rail infrastructure through public-private partnerships. Various initiatives are being taken to modernize operations and technology, such as manufacturing modern coaches, introducing mobile apps for services, and setting up waste-to-energy plants. Future plans include manufacturing high-speed trains, introducing trains catering to tourists, and expanding international rail connectivity.
Indian Railways is the world's third largest rail network with over 12,000 passenger trains carrying 30 million passengers daily. Revenues have grown strongly over the years, reaching $25.2 billion in FY2016, and are estimated to reach $44.5 billion by FY2020. Freight remains the major revenue generator, accounting for over 67% of total revenues, followed by the passenger segment. Passenger traffic reached 8.2 billion in FY2016 and is expected to increase to 15.2 billion by FY2020.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world with over 66,000 km of track. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and transported 1,107 million tonnes of freight in FY17. Private sector participation is being encouraged in rail projects through public-private partnerships. Initiatives include allowing private ownership of railway lines, setting up joint ventures for new lines, and procuring recycled water from private companies. Indian Railways is also focusing on modernization efforts like manufacturing modern trains domestically, introducing e-catering, and increasing mobile charging facilities on trains. Freight remains the major revenue segment, accounting for over 67% of total earnings in FY16. Both passenger and freight traffic have witnessed
Indian Railways has the world's 3rd largest rail network carrying over 23 million passengers daily. Private sector participation is being encouraged in rail projects through models like participative models for capacity augmentation projects and JVs. Various growth initiatives are being taken like electrification, increasing freight traffic capacity, modernizing stations, and introducing new trains. Technology upgradation plans include manufacturing of modern coaches and introducing a mobile application.
The document provides an overview of the Indian railways sector including:
- Indian Railways is the world's third largest rail network under single management with over 66,000 km of track and over 8,500 stations.
- Freight remains the major revenue generator, accounting for over 67% of total revenues in FY16, followed by the passenger segment.
- Passenger and freight traffic have grown steadily in recent years and are expected to continue growing strongly to meet targets under Vision 2020.
Indian Railways is the 3rd largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and transported 1,107.1 million tonnes of freight in FY17. Private sector participation is being encouraged in rail projects through various initiatives like the Foreign Rail Technology Cooperation Scheme. Indian Railways is undertaking various modernization efforts and technology upgradations like electrification, introduction of new coaches and setting up of waste to energy plants. It aims to triple freight traffic to 3.3 billion tonnes by 2030.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and 1,159.57 million tonnes of freight in FY18. Private sector participation is growing through public-private partnerships. Indian Railways is also undertaking initiatives like electrification, introducing new trains, and expanding stations to boost revenues and modernize operations.
Indian Railways has the world's 3rd largest rail network carrying over 23 million passengers daily. Private sector participation is being encouraged in rail projects through models like public-private partnerships. Various growth initiatives are being taken like electrification, modernization of stations, introduction of new trains and setting up of waste-to-energy plants. Freight traffic has been growing and Indian Railways aims to triple freight volumes by 2030. Revenues have grown strongly over the years and are estimated to reach US$44.5 billion by FY20.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and transported 1,107.1 million tonnes of freight in FY17. Private sector participation is being encouraged to augment rail infrastructure through public-private partnerships. Various initiatives are being taken to modernize operations and technology, such as manufacturing modern coaches, introducing mobile apps for services, and setting up waste-to-energy plants. Future plans include manufacturing high-speed trains, introducing trains catering to tourists, and expanding international rail connectivity.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It has two major segments - passenger and freight. Freight accounts for over 65% of railway's revenues. Passenger volumes have grown at a CAGR of 9.9% over the past decade to reach 8.29 billion in FY2018. Private sector participation is being encouraged to upgrade infrastructure and modernize operations through partnerships. Various technologies are also being adopted to improve services on the large network.
The document provides an overview of the Indian railways sector. It discusses that Indian Railways is the world's third largest rail network under single management overseen by the Ministry of Railways. It operates over 22,300 trains daily on a network of over 66,000 kilometers. The two major segments are passenger and freight. Freight accounts for over two-thirds of the railway's revenues. Both passenger and freight volumes have grown steadily in recent years and are expected to continue growing strongly. The document also outlines various modernization initiatives by Indian Railways.
- Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size, carrying over 23 million passengers daily and over 1 billion tons of freight annually.
- Revenues have grown steadily over the years, reaching $27.71 billion in FY2018, with freight accounting for over 65% of revenues and passenger traffic growing at a 9.9% CAGR.
- The government is undertaking various initiatives like modernization, electrification, and increased private participation to upgrade infrastructure and triple freight traffic by 2030.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and 1,159.57 million tonnes of freight in FY18. Revenues have grown steadily, reaching $27.71 billion in FY18. Freight accounts for the majority of revenues at 65.52% in FY18, followed by passengers at 27.23%. Various modernization initiatives are underway to upgrade infrastructure and improve services.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and 1,159.57 million tonnes of freight in FY18. Revenues have grown steadily over the years, reaching $27.71 billion in FY18, with freight accounting for around two-thirds of total earnings. Passenger and freight traffic volumes have also witnessed healthy growth. The government is undertaking several infrastructure projects and reforms to modernize railways and boost capacity. Private sector participation is being encouraged to enhance rail connectivity and boost investments.
- Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size, with over 66,000 km of track and over 8,500 stations. It transports over 30 million passengers daily and 1,107 million tonnes of freight annually.
- Revenues have grown steadily over the years, reaching $25.2 billion in FY2016, with freight accounting for over two-thirds of revenues. Freight volumes have also grown, reaching 1,107 million tonnes in FY2016.
- Passenger volumes have increased to over 8 billion annually, and are projected to reach 15.18 billion by FY2020, reflecting growing demand for rail travel in India. The government is working to enhance infrastructure,
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. In FY16, Indian Railways transported over 1.1 billion tonnes of freight and carried over 8 billion passenger trips. Revenue has grown steadily over time, reaching $25.2 billion in FY16, and is estimated to reach $44.5 billion by FY20. Freight transportation accounts for the majority of revenue at 67.1% in FY16, while passenger fares make up the second largest segment. The government is undertaking various modernization efforts and encouraging private investment to upgrade infrastructure and services.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It has seen strong revenue growth in recent years, reaching US$27.71 billion in FY18. Freight accounts for over two-thirds of revenues, growing at a CAGR of 6.36% between FY07-18. Passenger volumes have also increased steadily, reaching 8.29 billion in FY18. Various initiatives such as electrification, modernization of stations, and greater private investment are expected to further boost growth in the railway sector.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It has seen strong revenue growth over the years, reaching US$27.71 billion in FY18. Freight remains the major revenue segment, accounting for 65.52% of total revenues, followed by passengers. Freight traffic has grown at a CAGR of 4.11% from 744.56 million tonnes in FY07 to 1,159.57 million tonnes in FY18. Passenger volumes have also risen steadily over the years to reach 8.29 billion in FY18. The government is undertaking initiatives to boost private participation and modernize infrastructure to support further growth in traffic.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It saw strong revenue growth over the past decade, with freight accounting for the majority of revenues. Passenger and freight traffic also grew steadily. Indian Railways aims to increase revenues to $44.5 billion by 2020 through initiatives like modernization, technology upgrades, and greater private investment.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It transports over 23 million passengers daily and carried 1,107.1 million tonnes of freight in FY17. Private sector participation is being encouraged to help modernize rail infrastructure and operations. Recent initiatives include allowing private companies to own some railway lines, setting up joint ventures for new lines, and plans to introduce luxury tourist trains and complete electrification of the network by 2022 to reduce energy costs. Indian Railways is also taking steps to improve technology, stations, and introduce lighter coaches to increase speeds.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 1.1 billion tonnes of freight in FY18 and plans to triple that amount by 2030. Revenues have grown steadily, reaching $27.71 billion in FY18, with freight accounting for over 65% of earnings. Passenger traffic has also increased consistently, reaching 8.29 billion passengers in FY18. The government is investing heavily to modernize infrastructure and encouraging greater private investment to support further growth in freight and passenger traffic.
SECTORAL AND INDUSTRY ANALYSIS OF INDIAN RAILWAYNischal16
- Indian Railways has seen strong revenue growth in recent years driven by rising passenger and freight traffic. Passenger traffic is expected to increase to 15.18 billion by 2020 supported by urbanization and income growth. Freight traffic has grown at a CAGR of 4.05% during FY07-FY17 and the government aims to increase railway's freight market share.
- A SWOT analysis identifies strengths like a large network and carrying capacity, while weaknesses include loss-making passenger sector and lack of modern facilities. Opportunities exist in expanding freight services and private participation, while threats include rising road transportation. The government is undertaking large investments and reforms to modernize the railways industry.
The document provides an overview of the Indian railways sector including:
- It is the 3rd largest rail network globally and carried over 1.1 billion tonnes of freight in FY16.
- Revenues have grown steadily over time and are estimated to reach $44.5 billion by FY20 driven by initiatives to modernize and increase private participation.
- Freight accounts for over two-thirds of revenues while passenger volumes have also increased steadily to over 8 billion in FY16.
The document provides an overview of the Indian railways sector. Some key points:
- Indian Railways is the world's 3rd largest rail network spanning over 66,000 km and 8,500 stations. In FY16, it carried over 8.1 billion passengers and 1.1 billion tonnes of freight.
- The sector is seeing growing private sector participation through PPP models. Modernization efforts include upgrading systems and introducing new technologies like mobile ticketing.
- In FY16, freight accounted for 67% of railway revenues, followed by passengers at 27%. Total revenues for FY16 were $25.2 billion and are estimated to reach $44.5 billion by FY20.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily in FY17 and transported 1,107.1 million tonnes of freight. Freight accounts for over two-thirds of railway revenues. Passenger and freight traffic have grown steadily in recent years and several initiatives such as public-private partnerships, infrastructure upgrades, and technology adoption aim to further boost growth. Indian Railways targets doubling its freight market share to 50% and increasing annual passenger volumes to over 15 billion by FY20 through continued investments and modernization efforts.
Indian Railways transported over 23 million passengers daily and 1,107.1 million tonnes of freight in FY17. Freight accounts for over two-thirds of railway revenues, growing at a CAGR of 4.05% between FY07-17. Passenger volumes have also increased steadily, reaching 8.22 billion in FY17. Various modernization initiatives such as dedicated freight corridors and higher speeds of up to 200 kmph are being implemented to further boost capacities and efficiency of the Indian Railways network.
- India's aviation market is set to become the 3rd largest by 2020 and is expected to be the largest by 2030. Passenger traffic at Indian airports is expected to increase to 421 million by 2020 from 264.99 million in 2016-17.
- Travel and tourism industry is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 6.66% to $423.7 billion by 2026 from $100 billion in 2017. Business and leisure travel are expected to drive growth.
- Freight traffic in India grew at a CAGR of 6.8% during 2006-2016 and is poised for further growth. Total freight traffic is expected to touch 4.14 million tonnes by 2023 exhibiting a C
- India's aviation market is set to become the 3rd largest in the world by 2020 and is expected to be the largest by 2030.
- Passenger traffic at Indian airports is expected to increase to 421 million by 2020 from 264.99 million in 2016-17.
- Freight traffic is also expected to grow as trade with the rest of the world increases. Total freight traffic is projected to reach 4.14 million tonnes by 2023.
The document provides an overview of the aviation industry in India. Some key points:
- India is set to become the 3rd largest aviation market in the world by 2020 and passenger traffic at Indian airports is expected to increase to 421 million by 2020 from 264.99 million in 2016-17.
- The travel and tourism industry in India is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 6.66% to $423.7 billion by 2026 from $100 billion in 2017. Spending on business and leisure travel is also expected to see significant increases.
- Factors like rising incomes, a growing middle class, government initiatives to increase the number of airports, and growth in international trade are driving
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It saw strong revenue growth over the past decade, with freight accounting for over 65% of revenues in FY19. Freight and passenger traffic have both increased steadily in recent years. Various modernization initiatives are underway to upgrade infrastructure and technology. Private sector participation is being encouraged to augment rail connectivity and capacity.
The document provides an overview of the Indian railways sector including:
- Indian Railways is the 3rd largest rail network globally with over 66,000 km of track carrying over 30 million passengers daily.
- Freight traffic has grown steadily reaching 1,107 million tonnes in FY16 and is estimated to reach 2,165 million tonnes by FY20.
- Revenues have increased from USD14.4 billion in FY07 to an estimated USD44.5 billion by FY20 with freight accounting for the largest share at 67% of revenues in FY16.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It has two major segments - passenger and freight. Freight accounts for over 65% of railway's revenues. Passenger volumes have grown at a CAGR of 9.9% over the past decade to reach 8.29 billion in FY2018. Private sector participation is being encouraged to upgrade infrastructure and modernize operations through partnerships. Various technologies are also being adopted to improve services on the large network.
The document provides an overview of the Indian railways sector. It discusses that Indian Railways is the world's third largest rail network under single management overseen by the Ministry of Railways. It operates over 22,300 trains daily on a network of over 66,000 kilometers. The two major segments are passenger and freight. Freight accounts for over two-thirds of the railway's revenues. Both passenger and freight volumes have grown steadily in recent years and are expected to continue growing strongly. The document also outlines various modernization initiatives by Indian Railways.
- Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size, carrying over 23 million passengers daily and over 1 billion tons of freight annually.
- Revenues have grown steadily over the years, reaching $27.71 billion in FY2018, with freight accounting for over 65% of revenues and passenger traffic growing at a 9.9% CAGR.
- The government is undertaking various initiatives like modernization, electrification, and increased private participation to upgrade infrastructure and triple freight traffic by 2030.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and 1,159.57 million tonnes of freight in FY18. Revenues have grown steadily, reaching $27.71 billion in FY18. Freight accounts for the majority of revenues at 65.52% in FY18, followed by passengers at 27.23%. Various modernization initiatives are underway to upgrade infrastructure and improve services.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily and 1,159.57 million tonnes of freight in FY18. Revenues have grown steadily over the years, reaching $27.71 billion in FY18, with freight accounting for around two-thirds of total earnings. Passenger and freight traffic volumes have also witnessed healthy growth. The government is undertaking several infrastructure projects and reforms to modernize railways and boost capacity. Private sector participation is being encouraged to enhance rail connectivity and boost investments.
- Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size, with over 66,000 km of track and over 8,500 stations. It transports over 30 million passengers daily and 1,107 million tonnes of freight annually.
- Revenues have grown steadily over the years, reaching $25.2 billion in FY2016, with freight accounting for over two-thirds of revenues. Freight volumes have also grown, reaching 1,107 million tonnes in FY2016.
- Passenger volumes have increased to over 8 billion annually, and are projected to reach 15.18 billion by FY2020, reflecting growing demand for rail travel in India. The government is working to enhance infrastructure,
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. In FY16, Indian Railways transported over 1.1 billion tonnes of freight and carried over 8 billion passenger trips. Revenue has grown steadily over time, reaching $25.2 billion in FY16, and is estimated to reach $44.5 billion by FY20. Freight transportation accounts for the majority of revenue at 67.1% in FY16, while passenger fares make up the second largest segment. The government is undertaking various modernization efforts and encouraging private investment to upgrade infrastructure and services.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It has seen strong revenue growth in recent years, reaching US$27.71 billion in FY18. Freight accounts for over two-thirds of revenues, growing at a CAGR of 6.36% between FY07-18. Passenger volumes have also increased steadily, reaching 8.29 billion in FY18. Various initiatives such as electrification, modernization of stations, and greater private investment are expected to further boost growth in the railway sector.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It has seen strong revenue growth over the years, reaching US$27.71 billion in FY18. Freight remains the major revenue segment, accounting for 65.52% of total revenues, followed by passengers. Freight traffic has grown at a CAGR of 4.11% from 744.56 million tonnes in FY07 to 1,159.57 million tonnes in FY18. Passenger volumes have also risen steadily over the years to reach 8.29 billion in FY18. The government is undertaking initiatives to boost private participation and modernize infrastructure to support further growth in traffic.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It saw strong revenue growth over the past decade, with freight accounting for the majority of revenues. Passenger and freight traffic also grew steadily. Indian Railways aims to increase revenues to $44.5 billion by 2020 through initiatives like modernization, technology upgrades, and greater private investment.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It transports over 23 million passengers daily and carried 1,107.1 million tonnes of freight in FY17. Private sector participation is being encouraged to help modernize rail infrastructure and operations. Recent initiatives include allowing private companies to own some railway lines, setting up joint ventures for new lines, and plans to introduce luxury tourist trains and complete electrification of the network by 2022 to reduce energy costs. Indian Railways is also taking steps to improve technology, stations, and introduce lighter coaches to increase speeds.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 1.1 billion tonnes of freight in FY18 and plans to triple that amount by 2030. Revenues have grown steadily, reaching $27.71 billion in FY18, with freight accounting for over 65% of earnings. Passenger traffic has also increased consistently, reaching 8.29 billion passengers in FY18. The government is investing heavily to modernize infrastructure and encouraging greater private investment to support further growth in freight and passenger traffic.
SECTORAL AND INDUSTRY ANALYSIS OF INDIAN RAILWAYNischal16
- Indian Railways has seen strong revenue growth in recent years driven by rising passenger and freight traffic. Passenger traffic is expected to increase to 15.18 billion by 2020 supported by urbanization and income growth. Freight traffic has grown at a CAGR of 4.05% during FY07-FY17 and the government aims to increase railway's freight market share.
- A SWOT analysis identifies strengths like a large network and carrying capacity, while weaknesses include loss-making passenger sector and lack of modern facilities. Opportunities exist in expanding freight services and private participation, while threats include rising road transportation. The government is undertaking large investments and reforms to modernize the railways industry.
The document provides an overview of the Indian railways sector including:
- It is the 3rd largest rail network globally and carried over 1.1 billion tonnes of freight in FY16.
- Revenues have grown steadily over time and are estimated to reach $44.5 billion by FY20 driven by initiatives to modernize and increase private participation.
- Freight accounts for over two-thirds of revenues while passenger volumes have also increased steadily to over 8 billion in FY16.
The document provides an overview of the Indian railways sector. Some key points:
- Indian Railways is the world's 3rd largest rail network spanning over 66,000 km and 8,500 stations. In FY16, it carried over 8.1 billion passengers and 1.1 billion tonnes of freight.
- The sector is seeing growing private sector participation through PPP models. Modernization efforts include upgrading systems and introducing new technologies like mobile ticketing.
- In FY16, freight accounted for 67% of railway revenues, followed by passengers at 27%. Total revenues for FY16 were $25.2 billion and are estimated to reach $44.5 billion by FY20.
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It carried over 23 million passengers daily in FY17 and transported 1,107.1 million tonnes of freight. Freight accounts for over two-thirds of railway revenues. Passenger and freight traffic have grown steadily in recent years and several initiatives such as public-private partnerships, infrastructure upgrades, and technology adoption aim to further boost growth. Indian Railways targets doubling its freight market share to 50% and increasing annual passenger volumes to over 15 billion by FY20 through continued investments and modernization efforts.
Indian Railways transported over 23 million passengers daily and 1,107.1 million tonnes of freight in FY17. Freight accounts for over two-thirds of railway revenues, growing at a CAGR of 4.05% between FY07-17. Passenger volumes have also increased steadily, reaching 8.22 billion in FY17. Various modernization initiatives such as dedicated freight corridors and higher speeds of up to 200 kmph are being implemented to further boost capacities and efficiency of the Indian Railways network.
- India's aviation market is set to become the 3rd largest by 2020 and is expected to be the largest by 2030. Passenger traffic at Indian airports is expected to increase to 421 million by 2020 from 264.99 million in 2016-17.
- Travel and tourism industry is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 6.66% to $423.7 billion by 2026 from $100 billion in 2017. Business and leisure travel are expected to drive growth.
- Freight traffic in India grew at a CAGR of 6.8% during 2006-2016 and is poised for further growth. Total freight traffic is expected to touch 4.14 million tonnes by 2023 exhibiting a C
- India's aviation market is set to become the 3rd largest in the world by 2020 and is expected to be the largest by 2030.
- Passenger traffic at Indian airports is expected to increase to 421 million by 2020 from 264.99 million in 2016-17.
- Freight traffic is also expected to grow as trade with the rest of the world increases. Total freight traffic is projected to reach 4.14 million tonnes by 2023.
The document provides an overview of the aviation industry in India. Some key points:
- India is set to become the 3rd largest aviation market in the world by 2020 and passenger traffic at Indian airports is expected to increase to 421 million by 2020 from 264.99 million in 2016-17.
- The travel and tourism industry in India is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 6.66% to $423.7 billion by 2026 from $100 billion in 2017. Spending on business and leisure travel is also expected to see significant increases.
- Factors like rising incomes, a growing middle class, government initiatives to increase the number of airports, and growth in international trade are driving
Indian Railways is the third largest rail network in the world by size. It saw strong revenue growth over the past decade, with freight accounting for over 65% of revenues in FY19. Freight and passenger traffic have both increased steadily in recent years. Various modernization initiatives are underway to upgrade infrastructure and technology. Private sector participation is being encouraged to augment rail connectivity and capacity.
The document provides an overview of the Indian railways sector including:
- Indian Railways is the 3rd largest rail network globally with over 66,000 km of track carrying over 30 million passengers daily.
- Freight traffic has grown steadily reaching 1,107 million tonnes in FY16 and is estimated to reach 2,165 million tonnes by FY20.
- Revenues have increased from USD14.4 billion in FY07 to an estimated USD44.5 billion by FY20 with freight accounting for the largest share at 67% of revenues in FY16.
Indian Railways has a total route network of about 64,600 kilometers (km) spread across 7,146 stations and operates more than 19,000 trains every day. Over 30 million passengers travel by trains on a daily basis in India and around 975.2 million tonnes (MT) of freight was transported via trains in FY12.
The revenues of Indian Railways are expected to expand at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.1 per cent during FY07-14. Freight is the major revenue earning segment for the railways, accounting for 70.6 per cent of the total revenues in FY12.
Passenger traffic went up by more than 15 times over FY1951-FY12. Increasing incomes, both urban and rural, have made rail travel affordable to a large number of Indians. Urban population in India increased from 17.3 per cent of the total population in 1951 to 31.2 per cent in 2011; this has led to increase in traffic between urban and rural areas in the country.
With rapid economic growth and increasing industrialisation, freight traffic is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.6 per cent during FY12-17 to touch 1,405 million metric tonnes (MMT) by FY17. Indian Railways has set a target of having a freight market share of 50 per cent by 2030 from 30 per cent in 2010.
The Government of India is investing heavily in building rail infrastructure in the country and plans to invest US$ 153 billion during the 12th Five Year Plan.
Major ports in India are seeing rising cargo traffic and capacity. Cargo traffic at major ports grew from 506.37 million metric tonnes (MMT) in FY2016 to 647.43 MMT in FY2017 and further to 679.36 MMT in FY2018. Similarly, cargo handling capacity at major ports increased from 965.36 MMT in FY2016 to 1,065 MMT in FY2017. Non-major ports are also experiencing strong growth, with their traffic share increasing compared to major ports. Various initiatives are being taken to further expand port infrastructure and capacity to handle the projected traffic growth.
This PPT cover overview of Indian Industrial Infrastructure along with Power sector, coal sector, Aviation Sector, Road Transport, Indian Ports and few success stories.
The document provides an overview of strategies adopted by major Indian infrastructure companies. Larsen & Toubro is expanding its manufacturing and project presence in key markets like the Middle East and China. It is also sourcing materials globally from China, Europe and Russia. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited is looking to expand its renewable energy capacity by increasing solar panel and cell manufacturing. GMR Energy is collaborating with Malaysian company TNB Repair and Maintenance to set up an operations and maintenance joint venture.
Major Indian ports handled 679.36 million metric tonnes (MMT) of cargo in FY2018, a 4.77% increase over the previous year. Cargo handling capacity at major ports grew to 1,065 MMT in FY2017. Meanwhile, cargo traffic at non-major ports reached 485.33 MMT in FY2017, expanding at a compound annual growth rate of 10.01% between FY2007-2017. The average turnaround time for vessels at major ports also improved to 3.44 days in FY2017 from 4.01 days in FY2015. Overall, cargo traffic is expected to continue growing due to rising imports, trade activity, and capacity additions across major
The document provides an overview of the roads sector in India. Some key points:
- India has the second largest road network in the world spanning over 5.23 million kilometres. National highways account for 1.9% of total roads.
- The government has increased budget allocation to USD14.5 billion in FY16-17 and is focusing on expanding national highways through public-private partnerships. 149 PPP road projects were under construction as of August 2015.
- Private sector participation is growing with an expected USD31 billion investment through PPP models by 2020. Various states and central government initiatives like SARDP-NE and the LWE program are also expanding road connectivity.
The document provides an overview of the roads sector in India. Some key points:
- India has the second largest road network in the world spanning over 5.23 million kilometres. National highways account for 1.9% of total roads.
- The government has undertaken several initiatives to expand the national highway network such as the National Highway Development Project (NHDP). The length of national highways has increased significantly over the years.
- Private sector participation has grown in developing road infrastructure through public-private partnerships. Several projects have been implemented through the BOT model. However, public participation in the sector has been declining in recent years.
Major ports in India saw steady growth in cargo traffic and capacity over the past decade. Cargo traffic at major ports grew at a CAGR of 2.5% from FY08-FY17 to reach 647 MMT in FY17. Capacity at major ports also increased over the years to reach 1,065 MMT in FY17, a CAGR of 7.75% since FY07. Non-major ports are also growing rapidly, handling over 42% of total cargo traffic in FY17, and traffic at non-major ports grew at a CAGR of 10.7% from FY07-FY16. The different cargo types saw varying growth rates over the
Ports in India are experiencing strong growth. Cargo traffic at major ports grew at a CAGR of 4.02% from FY07 to FY17, reaching 647.43 MMT in FY17. Capacity at major ports has also increased, growing at a CAGR of 7.75% since FY07 to reach 1,065 MMT in FY17. Meanwhile, the average turnaround time for vessels has decreased to 3.44 days in FY17 from 4.01 days in FY15. Growing trade is expected to further drive demand for port infrastructure and capacity additions going forward.
The document provides an overview of the roads sector in India. Some key points:
- India has the second largest road network in the world at over 5.23 million km. The network is divided into national highways, state highways, and rural/district roads.
- The government has implemented various programs like NHDP to expand the national highway network. The network has grown from 97,135 km in FY15 to 100,475 km in FY16.
- Private sector participation through PPP models is growing. As of August 2015, 149 PPP road projects were under construction and 112 had been implemented.
Major ports in India handled 679.36 million tonnes of cargo in FY18, growing at a CAGR of 2.73% over FY08-18. Cargo capacity at major ports increased from 505 million tonnes in FY07 to 1,451 million tonnes in FY18. Solid cargo contributes the largest share of traffic, followed by liquid cargo and containers. The document provides an overview of ports in India, including categories of ports, major ports, cargo traffic trends, cargo profiles, and capacity and profit increases in recent years.
The document provides an overview of the roads sector in India. It notes that India has the second largest road network in the world, spanning over 5.21 million kilometers. The government has increased budget allocations for road development and aims to expand the length of national highways from 103,933 km to 200,000 km. Private sector participation is also growing through public-private partnerships. Various states have announced investments to develop state roads into national highways which will boost connectivity and economic activity.
Tamil Nadu has a strong and growing economy, as evidenced by its GSDP which grew at a CAGR of 11.46% between 2011-12 and 2018-19, reaching Rs. 16.06 trillion (US$ 222.58 billion) in 2018-19. The state has a diversified industrial base and thriving services sector, especially in IT/ITeS. It also has robust infrastructure including roads, ports, airports, and an emphasis on further infrastructure development. With various initiatives like Vision 2023, Tamil Nadu aims to boost its economy and attract significant domestic and foreign investments over the coming years.
India has become the second largest steel producer in the world in 2018. Steel production and capacity in India have grown rapidly over the past decade, with capacity reaching 137.98 million tonnes in 2017-18. Consumption has also increased steadily, driven by growth in infrastructure, automotive, and other sectors. The government has implemented policies like the National Steel Policy to encourage further capacity growth to 300 million tonnes by 2030-31. Low per capita consumption compared to other countries also provides significant potential for further demand growth.
The document provides an overview of India's services sector, including:
1) The services sector contributes over 50% of India's GDP and grew at 12.75% in 2018-19, demonstrating its importance as the key driver of India's economic growth.
2) India has a large skilled workforce and is a global outsourcing hub, commanding a 55% share of the global sourcing market, which has helped establish the country as a leading provider of technology and digital services.
3) The government is working to further develop the services sector through initiatives like 'Startup India' and reforms that make India an attractive investment destination for both domestic and foreign investors.
The document provides an overview of the real estate sector in India. It discusses that the real estate sector is expected to reach $1 trillion by 2030 and contribute 13% of India's GDP by 2025. Rapid urbanization is driving demand for residential and commercial real estate space. The residential segment contributes around 80% of the sector currently. Government policies like Housing for All and Smart Cities are further boosting growth.
Rajasthan has experienced strong economic growth in recent years. Between 2011-12 and 2018-19, the state's Gross State Domestic Product grew at a compound annual growth rate of 11.37% to reach $128.1 billion. The tourism industry in Rajasthan is thriving, with over 47.5 million tourist arrivals in 2017, and the state is a leading producer of agro-based products. Rajasthan also has immense potential for renewable energy generation from solar and wind sources.
India has the third largest installed power capacity in the world at 356.10 GW as of March 2019. It is the third largest producer and consumer of electricity globally. India has achieved 100% household electrification and aims to increase renewable energy capacity to 175 GW by 2022. Thermal energy accounts for over 63% of total installed capacity, while renewable sources account for 21.8%. The power sector in India is growing rapidly and offers many opportunities for investment and development.
Nagaland has a Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of around 0.24 trillion Indian rupees in 2017-18, growing at a CAGR of 11.83% between 2011-12 and 2017-19. The per capita GSDP in 2017-18 was 113,549 rupees, growing at a CAGR of 10.66% in the same period. Nagaland's Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) in 2016-17 was 0.19 trillion rupees, growing at 15.72% between 2011-12 and 2016-17. The per capita NSDP in 2016-17 was 90,168 rupees, growing at 12.
Meghalaya has the highest rainfall in India and diverse soil types that support agriculture. The state has strong potential in floriculture, bamboo processing, and medicinal plants due to its biodiversity. Meghalaya also has large hydroelectric power potential and abundant mineral resources. The state aims to promote industries like agro-processing, horticulture, minerals and tourism to create opportunities for its population.
- The Indian infrastructure sector is experiencing significant growth due to rising government investments and initiatives such as allocating Rs 4.56 lakh crore for infrastructure in the FY 2019-20 budget.
- Private sector participation is increasing across segments like roads, power and airports. Infrastructure sectors like power transmission and renewable energy will drive future investments.
- Improving connectivity through initiatives like Bharatmala Pariyojana and Sagarmala will boost infrastructure growth. 100% villages connectivity through roads is expected by 2019 under PMGSY.
The document provides an overview of the media and entertainment industry in India. Some of the key points from the document are:
- The Indian media and entertainment industry is growing rapidly at a CAGR of 12-13% and is expected to reach Rs. 3.73 lakh crore by 2022.
- Television is the largest segment with a market size of Rs. 740 billion in 2018, expected to reach Rs. 955 billion by 2021. Digital media, animation and VFX, and online gaming are among the fastest growing segments.
- Advantages for the industry in India include rising incomes, evolving lifestyles, a large young population, increasing digitization, and government support through
- The manufacturing sector is a major employer in India and aims to provide 25% of GDP and 100 million new jobs by 2022. It has grown at a CAGR of 4% between FY12-19 and contributes significantly to India's exports.
- The document discusses India's advantage in manufacturing including a large domestic market, favorable demographics, and government initiatives like Make in India. Key sub-sectors, growth drivers and the evolution of the sector are also outlined.
- Recent trends show growth in production, IIP, capacity utilization and exports, indicating the sector is expanding. The government has implemented various policies to develop manufacturing and make India a global hub.
Manipur has a flourishing bamboo processing industry as it is one of India's largest bamboo producing states. It also has a strong handicrafts industry, being home to the highest number of handicraft units and artisans in North East India. Handlooms is the largest cottage industry in Manipur. The state has strong potential for border trade opportunities through Moreh town, which is India's only land route for trade with Myanmar and Southeast Asia. Manipur is also home to the Ema Bazaar, one of India's largest markets run exclusively by women. Due to its natural beauty and biodiversity, Manipur is a popular tourist destination known as the "Switzerland of the East".
The document provides an overview of the economy of Himachal Pradesh, India. Some key points:
- Himachal Pradesh has a strong economic growth rate, with its GSDP reaching Rs. 1.52 trillion (US$21.04 billion) in 2018-19 growing at 11.09% annually.
- The state has a diverse economy with key sectors being tourism, agriculture, and hydroelectric power. Agricultural production and tourism visitor numbers are increasing.
- Himachal Pradesh has a large hydroelectric power potential and is becoming a major hub for hydroelectricity in India, though only around 40% of its potential has been harnessed so far.
Gujarat has experienced high economic growth rates in recent years.
- Gujarat's GSDP grew at a CAGR of 13.55% from 2011-12 to 2016-17, reaching Rs. 11.62 trillion (US$ 173.24 billion) in 2016-17.
- The state's per capita GSDP increased from Rs. 101,075 (US$ 2,108) in 2011-12 to Rs. 178,043 (US$ 2,654) in 2016-17, registering a CAGR of 11.99%.
The document provides an overview of India's gems and jewellery sector. Some key points:
- India is a major player in global gems and jewellery trade, contributing about 7% to India's GDP and employing over 4.6 million people.
- India is the world's largest cut and polished diamond exporter, exporting over 75% of global polished diamonds. It also processes over $23 billion worth of diamonds annually.
- Exports of cut and polished diamonds and gold jewellery have registered steady growth in recent years. Imports have also increased at a CAGR of nearly 8% between 2004-2018.
- The sector is adopting strategies like expanding retail networks, providing financing options
The engineering and capital goods industry in India is growing rapidly. The turnover of the capital goods industry reached $70 billion in 2017 and is forecasted to reach $115.17 billion by 2025. Electrical equipment production is also growing and is expected to reach $100 billion by 2022, up from $27.3 billion in 2017-18. The engineering research and design segment is also expanding, with revenues projected to increase from $28 billion in FY18 to $42 billion in FY22. Growth is being driven by increasing industrialization, infrastructure development, and capacity expansion across various core sectors in India.
Major e-commerce players in India have adopted strategies like expanding into new categories like groceries and used goods, acquiring analytics startups to improve pricing and positioning, and launching ancillary services like payments, logistics and video streaming. They have also introduced subscription models and personalized experiences to provide extra benefits and tailor their offerings to individual customer needs and interests.
Delhi has experienced strong economic growth, with its gross state domestic product increasing at a compound annual growth rate of 12.41% between 2011-12 and 2018-19. The real estate sector has been an important contributor to the state's economy. Delhi also has a growing tourism industry, owing to its historical and cultural attractions. The state government is working to improve infrastructure and implement policies to facilitate industrial development and attract investment across various sectors.
Chhattisgarh has a strong mineral production base and is a leading producer of coal and iron ore in India. It is the only state that produces tin concentrates. The state has emerged as a preferred investment destination and has witnessed strong growth in the agriculture sector. Key sectors driving growth include minerals, power, agriculture and tourism. Chhattisgarh aims to further develop its infrastructure, promote industries and boost skill development to achieve its vision of becoming an industrialized state.
India is a major producer and exporter of agricultural products globally. Some key points:
- India ranks among the top producers globally for many agricultural commodities like spices, pulses, milk, tea, cashew and jute.
- Agricultural exports from India have grown significantly at a CAGR of 16.45% from 2010-2018 to reach $38.21 billion in FY2018.
- Major agricultural exports include marine products, basmati rice, buffalo meat, spices, cotton, oil products and sugar. Marine product exports alone were $7.39 billion in FY2018.
- Government schemes aim to boost agricultural exports to $60 billion by 2022 and $100 billion
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
2. Table of Content
Executive Summary……………….….…….3
Advantage India…………………..….……..4
Market Overview …………………….……..6
Recent Trends and Strategies...…..……..18
Growth Drivers and Opportunities………..23
Policies and Regulatory Framework……..36
Industry Associations……………....……...44
Case Studies…………….…....……………42
Useful Information……….......…………….46
Porter’s Five Forces Framework………….17
3. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Source: Make in India, Indian Railways, News Articles
Indian Railways has 12,617 passenger trains carrying over 23 million passengers daily. On the commercial front, freight traffic of Indian
Railways increased to 1,159.57 million tonnes in FY18 from 1,106.58 million tonnes in FY17.
World’s 3rd largest rail
network
Private sector companies are being encouraged to participate in rail projects, which were largely in the public domain. The Cabinet
approved ‘participative models for rail-connectivity and capacity augmented projects’, which allows private ownership of some railway lines
Launch of Foreign Rail Technology Cooperation Scheme along with revamping of PPP for better results
Setting up of JVs with major public sector customers for fulfilling the requirements of new lines
Growing public-private
partnership
Growing public-private
partnership
Indian Railways is planning to invest Rs 1,000 crore (US$ 155.16 million) for setting up 11 new units to double the capacity of its bottled
water brand.
Indian Railways is targeting to triple their freight traffic from current 1.1 billion tonnes* in 2017 to 3.3 billion tonnes by 2030.
Indian Railways has planned completion of electrification in next 4-5 years (from October 2017), which will lead to energy savings worth Rs
10,000 crore (US$ 1.55 billion).
As of April 2017, Indian Railways plans to introduce dedicated trains for domestic and international tourists, catering to customers
belonging to all income groups.
Number of mobile charging facilities to be increased in sleeper coaches, setting up of ‘waste to energy’ conversion plants to dispose off
waste in an environment–friendly manner
Growth initiativesGrowth initiatives
India Railways as undertaken modernisation of railway stations under the Adarsh station scheme. Out of the total 1,253 railway stations
identified under the scheme, over 1,050 railway stations have already been modernised.
Various technologies such as electronic interlocking at all interlocked Broad Gauge stations, Automatic Train Protection(ATP) system have
been introduced by Indian Railways.
All electric locomotives have been provided with Vigilance Control Devices(VCD) which helps in checking the alertness of Loco Pilots(LPs)
The government has decided to manufacture only Linke Hoffman Bushce(LHB) type coaches from 2018-19 onwards
Modernisation/
Technology upgradation
Note: *Approximate
5. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways5
ADVANTAGE INDIA
Increasing urbanisation and rising incomes (both urban and
rural) are driving growth in the passenger segment
Growing industrialisation across the country has increased
freight traffic over the last decade
Freight traffic is set to increase
significantly due to investments and
private sector participation
Metro rail projects are being envisaged
across many cities over the next ten
years
The government has been investing
heavily to upgrade railway infrastructure
Cumulative FDI Inflows in Railway
Related Components from April 2000 to
December 2017 stood at US$ 897.09
million
The government has increased the
scope of PPP to beyond providing
maintenance and other such
supporting roles
Government has allowed 100 per cent
FDI in the railway sector
Introducing technology portal that
would provide innovative technological
solutions
ADVANTAGE
INDIA
Source: Railway Budget 2014-15, Press Information Bureau, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion; Aranca Research
Note: FDI - Foreign Direct Investment
7. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways7
INDIAN RAILWAYS HAS TWO MAJOR SEGMENTS
Source: Ministry of Railways, Make In India, Railway Budget FY16-17, Aranca Research
Indian Railways (IR) is:
• A departmental undertaking of the Government of India (GOI), which owns and operates most of India's rail transport
• Overseen by the Ministry of Railways
As of 2016-17, IR has a total route network of about 67,368 kms.
It operates more than 22,300 trains daily
It has 0.278 million wagons, 69,322 coaches and 11,461 locomotives
Railways
Passenger
Freight
Around 1,110.95 million tonnes of freight was transported via trains in FY17 and
2,165 million tonnes is expected in FY20
These include a huge variety of goods such as mineral ores, iron, steel,
fertilisers, petrochemicals and agricultural produce
Over 23 million passengers travel by trains daily in India. The passenger traffic
stood at 8,219 million in FY17
8. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways8
STRONG REVENUE GROWTH FOR INDIAN RAILWAYS
10.05
11.44
12.67
13.84
15.00
16.48
19.58
22.22
24.98
26.13
25.66
27.71
31.20
44.50
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19BE
FY20E
Source: Vision 2020, Ministry of Railways, Aranca Research
Note: CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate, E – Estimates, FY – Indian Financial Year (April–March), RE – Revised Estimate
Revenue growth has been strong over the years. Indian Railways’
revenues increased at a CAGR of 9.66 per cent to US$ 27.71 billion
during FY07-FY18.
Revenues from the sector are estimated to reach to US$ 44.5 billion
by the end of FY20
Indian Railway sector aims to boost passenger amenities.
Gross revenue trends over the years (US$ billion)
CAGR 12.12%
9. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways9
SEGMENT-WISE REVENUE GROWTH FOR INDIAN
RAILWAYS
3.79
4.92
4.76
4.94
5.64
5.89
5.75
6.04
6.90
6.76
6.90
7.55
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
FY07FY08FY09FY10FY11FY12FY13FY14FY15FY16FY17FY18
Source: Ministry of Railways, Aranca Research
Revenues from the passenger segment of Indian Railways have
increased at a CAGR of 9.88 per cent to US$ 7.55 billion in FY18
from US$ 3.79 billion in FY07.
Freight earnings of Indian Railways have grown at a CAGR of 3.71
per cent to US$ 15.70 billion in FY18 from US$ 10.51 billion in FY07.
Increasing carrying capacity, cost effectiveness, improving quality of
service will support the increment in the share of Railway in the
freight movement from 35 per cent to 50 per cent by 2020
With eight metro rail networks spread over a length of 370 kilometres
(km) and over two dozen metro projects lined up, India’s metro rail
network is expanding at a fast pace. The Government of India has
allocated US$ 2.21 billion for metro projects in Budget 2018-19.
Passenger earnings (in US$ billion)
Notes: CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate, FY – Indian Financial Year (April–March), F – Forecast, Exchange Rates used are provided on page 48
10.51
13.41
13.02
13.88
15.57
16.27
17.42
17.63
19.43
18.26
17.71
15.70
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
FY07FY08FY09FY10FY11FY12FY13FY14FY15FY16FY17FY18
Earnings from freight (in US$ billion)
CAGR 9.88%
CAGR 3.71%
10. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways10
FREIGHT ACCOUNTS FOR MORE THAN TWO-THIRDS
OF RAILWAY’S REVENUES
65.52%
27.23%
2.42%
4.83%
Freight
Passenger
Other coaching
Sundry
Source: Railway Budget 2015-16, Railway Budget 2016-17 Ministry of Railways, Aranca Research
Note: Other Coaching includes service coaches such as pantry cars, parcel vans, mail vans, etc
Freight business for Indian Railway is supported by 9 commodities:
coal, iron, steel, iron ore, food grains, fertilizers, petroleum products
etc
Freight remains the major revenue earning segment for the
Railways, accounting for 65.52 per cent of total revenues in FY18,
followed by the passenger segment
Profits from the freight segment are used to cross-subsidise the
passenger segment
To achieve targets of Vision 2020, two dedicated freight corridors,
Eastern and Western, would be operational by FY20.
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)Revenue break-up by segment (FY18)
11. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways11
PASSENGER VOLUMES WITNESS HEALTHY GROWTH
… (1/2)
6.12
6.52
6.92
7.24
7.65
8.22
8.42
8.39
8.22
8.10
8.22
8.29
15.20
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY20E
Source: Make In India, Ministry of Railways, Aranca Research
Note: CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate, E – Estimate, FY – Indian Financial Year (April–March)
Train travel remains the preferred means of long-distance travel for
majority of Indians.
Increase in the demand for passenger trains is supported by
urbanisation, improving income standards, etc
During FY18, passenger traffic in the country increased to 8.29 billion
and is further expected to advance to 15.20 billion by FY20.
By 2020, Indian Railways plans to achieve speed of 160 to 200 kmph
from current level of 130 kmph or 110 kmph.
In May 2018, IRCTC introduced Alternate Train Accommodation
Scheme (ATAS) which aims to provide confirmed berths in alternate
trains to waitlisted passengers. The scheme is expected to improve the
experience of passengers of Indian Railways.
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)Trends in passenger volumes (in billions)
12. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways12
PASSENGER VOLUMES WITNESS HEALTHY GROWTH
… (2/2)
2000.00
2259.00
2861.00
3876.00
4061.00
4377.00
4477.00
4549.85
4503.97
4459.38
4569.80
4661.68
0.00
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
3500.00
4000.00
4500.00
5000.00
FY81
FY91
FY01
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
CAGR 2.31%
Source: Vision 2020, Ministry of Railways, Aranca Research
Suburban passenger booking grew at a CAGR of 2.31 per cent year-
on-year to 4,661.68 million in FY18 from 2,000 million in FY81.
Non-suburban passenger booking increased at a CAGR of 2.21 per
cent from 1,613 million in FY81 to 3,625.27 million in FY18.
Number of suburban passengers originating (in millions)
Notes: CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate, FY – Indian Financial Year (April–March)
1,613.00
1,599.00
1,972.00
3,370.00
3,590.00
3,847.00
3,944.00
3,876.00
3,807.72
3,689.90
3,766.66
3,625.27
0.00
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
3500.00
4000.00
4500.00
FY81
FY91
FY01
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
CAGR 2.21%
Number of non-suburban passengers originating (in millions)
13. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways13
STRONG GROWTH IN FREIGHT TRAFFIC
744.56
804.11
836.61
892.22
926.43
975.16
1,014.15
1,058.81
1,101.30
1,104.20
1,107.10
1,159.57
2165.00
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Source: Ministry of Railways, Vision 2020, Press Information Bureau, Aranca Research
Note: CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate, E- Estimated F – Forecast, FY – Indian Financial Year (April–March)
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)Freight traffic (million tonnes)
CAGR 8.56%
The government is investing heavily in building rail infrastructure in
the country.
With increasing participation expected from private players, both
domestic and foreign, due to favourable policy measures, freight
traffic is expected to grow rapidly over the medium to long term
Freight traffic carried by Indian Railways increased from 744.56
million tonnes in FY07 to 1,159.57 million tonnes in FY18.
Indian Railway estimates originating loading for freight business
segment would increase to 2,165 MT by FY20.
14. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways14
KEY PLAYERS SUPPORTING INDIAN RAILWAYS
Notes: PSU – Public Sector Undertaking, DFC – Dedicated Freight Corridor, SPV – Special Purpose Vehicle
Private Equity Deals
Source: Relevant Company Annual Reports and websites, Aranca Research
Company Business description
Navratna PSU under India’s Ministry of Railways
Carrier, terminal operator and warehouse operator
SPV set up under the Ministry of Railways
Undertakes planning and development; mobilisation of financial resources; construction, maintenance and operation
of the Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)
SPV created by the Government of India
Builds engineering works required by Indian Railways
Mini Ratna PSU with one of the largest neutral telecom infrastructure providers in the country
Strives to modernise train control operation and safety system of Indian Railways
15. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways15
EXPANDING SCOPE OF PPP
Source: Ministry of Railways, Make in India, Aranca Research
Notes: PPP – Public Private Partnership; MUTP-III: Mumbai Urban Transport Project-III
In December 2012, the Cabinet approved the new policy of ‘participative models for rail-connectivity and capacity augmented projects’. The policy
addressed the issues of ownership of the railway line and repayment of investment
Since the launch of the policy, railway authorities have received various proposals from private investors and have already given approval (can
now acquire land and begin construction) for four port connectivity projects, to ease congestion
Areas proposed for private investment during this period would include elevated rail corridor in Mumbai, some parts of dedicated freight corridor,
freight terminals, redevelopment of stations and power generation/energy saving projects
Other measures taken/proposed include:
• Setting up of a modern signalling equipment facility at Chandigarh through the PPP route
• Construction of new lines – Bhupdeopur-Raigarh (Mand Colliery) and Gevra Road-Pendara Road – and doubling of Palanpur-Samakhiali
section through the PPP route
• Setting up of 2 locomotive plants through PPP route is crucial for the development of infrastructure sector
• Setting up of Joint Ventures with major public sector customers for fulfilling the requirements of new lines
As per Budget 2018-19, PPP investments are expected to increased to Rs 27,000 crore (US$ 4.19 billion) from Rs 24,000 crore (US$ 3.72 billion)
in 2017-18 (Revised Estimates).
Ministry of Railways has jointly set up factories with Alstom and General Electric (GE) at Madhepura and Marhowra to manufacture 800 electric
locomotives and 1000 diesel locomotives. The ministry has 26 per cent stake in both the Joint Ventures (JVs). In addition to manufacturing of
locomotives, the companies will also have to undertake maintenance of the first 500 units by setting up manufacturing facilities by establishing
maintenance facilities at Saharanpur, Nagpur, Roza and Gandhidham. In March 2018, Alstom completed production of the first all-electric
locomotive at the manufacturing facility in Madhepura, Bihar.
16. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways16
Porter’s Five Forces Framework Analysis
Low - Has monopoly and can buy
products from any supplier
Usually contracts are large-sized,
which gives suppliers less bargaining
power
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Low - Substitutes include road and air
transport; however, railways is the
cheapest mode of travel
Threat of Substitutes
Low - Competitive rivalry is low as
any other mode of transportation is
significantly expensive
Rail connectivity is available in remote
areas, unlike other transport facilities
Competitive Rivalry
Low - Enormous capital requirements
to set up a network, acts as an entry
barrier
Threat of New Entrants
Low - Lower bargaining power as no
other cheap mode of transport
available
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Positive Impact
Neutral Impact
Negative Impact
Source: Aranca Research
18. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways18
NOTABLE TRENDS IN INDIAN RAILWAYS…(1/2)
Source: Ministry of Railways, Railway Budget 2015–16, Railway Budget 2016–17, Aranca Research
Notes: km/h – kilometre per hour
There is a rapid increase in demand for urban mass transportation systems in the country. Several metro rail
projects are in progress to improve connectivity within cities; the Delhi Metro has emerged as an internationally
acclaimed venture.
The central government inaugurated the Pune Metro Rail project on December 24, 2016. The metro line would
have 30 stations and the 1st phase would cover a distance of 31.25 km. The project is estimated to be completed
at a cost of US$ 1.67 billion.
Demand for urban
transport
In FY15, e – ticketing scheme was introduced to support 7,200 tickets per minute, increased from earlier capacity
of 2,000.
In May 2018, IRCTC introduced its mobile android app which can be utilised by IRCTC e-wallet users to book e-
rail tickets.
M-ticketing and
e-ticketing
IR has attracted increasing foreign investments through strategic alliances with various countries over the last few
years.
Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in railway related components reached US$ 897.09 million during April 2000 –
December 2017.
6 major global players have shown keen interest in developing ultra high-speed trains in India.
International Investment
Railways has rolled out its insurance scheme for passengers, under which they can buy a premium of 1.52 cents
while booking a ticket to get an insurance cover of up to US$ 1.5 thousand.
Travel Insurance
Scheme
IR intends to look for cost effective options to increase speed to 160–200 km per hour on existing routes such as
Delhi–Chandigarh and Delhi–Agra.
Companies from France, China and Russian have joined hands with Indian Railways to bring 3 semi-high speed
rail corridor projects on track.
Semi high-speed trains
projects
19. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways19
NOTABLE TRENDS IN INDIAN RAILWAYS…(2/2)
Source: Ministry of Railways, Railway Budget 2015–16, Railway Budget 2016–17, Aranca Research
Notes: km/h – kilometre per hour
Indian Railways plans to build 7 high-speed rail corridors to provide faster rail connectivity across the country, for
high speed train project, at a cost of US$ 17 million
As part of Railway Budget 2016-17, the government had launched a new train “Mahamana Express” connecting
Varanasi and Delhi and is considering to increase the average speed of freight trains to 50 km/h and mail or
express trains to 80 km/h by the end of 2020
The Indian Railways has collaborated with the government of Japan for the construction of a high speed
passenger train corridor between Ahmedabad and Mumbai. The project is expected to commence in 2017.
In April 2017, the government announced intentions to develop 180Kms Delhi-Rewari-Alwar Regional Rapid
Transport System with an investment of around US$5.5 billion. The project would enable passengers to travel
from Delhi to Alwar in just 104 mins.
High-speed trains
projects
In April 2018, Indian Railways decided to launch 10 new summer special trains that will operate between Mumbai
and Varanasi.
Under Budget 2018-19, railway lines of 4,100 kms will be commissioned and 600 stations will be targeted to be
redeveloped during the year.
In November 2017, Indian Railways introduced facility of informing passengers about status of trains running late
through Short Messaging Service (SMS).
In May 2017, the government decided to fast-track its project to connect Kashmir to the rest of the country by rail.
The project is worth US$ 1.49 billion and will enable trains to operate between New Delhi and Kashmir in 14
hours.
Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd (IRCTC) has decided to launch two new circuits of its
flagship luxury train Maharajas’ Express in 2017. These 2 new trips, which are named as “Southern Jewels” and
“Southern Sojourn”, will cover prominent destinations in South and West India.
New Services Launched
20. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways20
STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY INDIAN RAILWAYS
Source: Ministry of Finance, Railway Budget 2016, Aranca Research, News articles
Provision of online rail bookings, hotel reservations and retiring rooms by IRCTC adds to revenues of Indian
Railways and are focusing on internatonal tourists and have also come up with many tour packages for foreigners
Indian Railways has set a target of US$ 5.95 billion revenues from monetising, railways in the next 10 years. By
doing so, the railways aims to increase earnings through traditional as well as non-traditional sources, and reduce
expenditure.
Revenue-based
strategies
Fare for premium classes were reduced so as to compete with the airlines, luxury buses and personal transport
vehicles
The length of popular trains was increased from 16–18 coaches to 24–26 coaches
Private participation is encouraged and information technology was used to make ticket reservation more feasible
to passengers along with an airline-style upgradation from lower class to higher class has been introduced for
passengers
Increasing speed of the trains in 9 railway corridors to 160 and 200 kmph, to reduce the time of inter-metro
journeys
In January 2017, Indian Railways awarded a contract to the SBI for installing 10,000 point of sales (POS)
machines, at the PRS (Passenger Reservation System) and UTS counters, across India, facilitating cashless
payment for ticket booking.
Turnaround strategies
for passenger traffic
Turnaround strategies
for freight traffic
Axle load was increased from 20.3 tonnes to 22.9 tonnes and 25 tonnes for selected routes and freight discounts
are allowed to customers offering high tariffs
The average speed of freight trains would increase to 50 km/h and Mail/Express trains to 80 km/h by the end of
2020
Freight rates on cement, coal, urea, kerosene, LPG and food grain and pulses have been hiked by upto 10 per
cent to bring an additional revenue of US$ 655.1 million per year
Notes: IRCTC – Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation
22. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways22
STRONG DEMAND AND POLICY SUPPORT DRIVING
INVESTMENTS
Government
focus on
infrastructure
building
Growth of freight
traffic due to
industrialisation
Rising demand
for urban mass
transportation
Increasing
private sector
participation
Improved safety
and
modernisation
23. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways23
RISING INCOME AND URBANISATION DRIVING
PASSENGER TRAFFIC GROWTH
Source: Ministry of Railways; Railway Budget 2015, Aranca Research
Passenger traffic is expected to increase to 15.18 billion by FY20
Increasing incomes in urban and rural areas have made rail travel affordable to a large number of Indians
Improvement of urban-rural connectivity has been another major contributor to the growth of Railways industry in the country
During 2017-18, passenger traffic of Indian Railways increased 0.82 per cent year-on-year to 8,286.95 million.
Ministry of Railways have launched Smart Freight Operation Optimisation & Real Time Information (SFOORTI) App for Freight Managers which
provides features for monitoring and managing freight business using Geographic Information System (GIS) Views and Dashboard.
Indian Railways launched transparent and efficient "New Online Vendor Registration System" in its research arm RDSO
Indian Railways is planning to standardize the number of coaches in trains to 22 or less so as to make them suitable for running on any route.
24. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways24
PASSENGER SEGMENT OFFERS DIVERSE SERVICES
Company Business description
Duronto Express
Non-stop point-to-point rail services
Connects metros and major state capitals of India
Rajdhani Express
Air-conditioned trains linking major cities to New Delhi
One of the fastest trains in India with very few station stops
Shatabdi, Jan Shatabdi
Express
Intercity seater-type trains for travel during day
Garib Rath
Fully air-conditioned trains designed for those who cannot afford to travel in expensive trains such as Rajdhani and
Shatabdi
Superfast Mail/Express
Trains that have an average speed greater than 55 km per hour
Additional super-fast surcharge
Mail/Express
More stops than their superfast counterparts
Stops only at relatively important intermediate stations
Passenger, Fast
Passenger
Slow trains that stop at most stations along the route
Low-cost alternative
Suburban trains
Operate in urban areas
Usually stops at all stations and have unreserved seating accommodation
25. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways25
NEW SERVICES
In March 2018, Mr Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India, launched the third Mahamana Express from Varanasi
to Patna. The train will cover a distance of 234 km in each direction.
Superfast trains
Source: Railway Budget 2014–15 and Railway Budget 2015-16
Express trains or fast trains make small number of stops unlike other trains. 33 new Express trains were
announced in 2014–15, of which 6 trains would be AC express trains
6 new express trains have been introduced under Railway Budget 2015-16
Express trains
By 2019, all coaches of Indian Railways are to be fitted with bio-toiletsBio Toilets
E-ticket bookings have increased to 70 per cent from 58 per cent during demonetisationCashless Transaction
Around 4,100 km of Railway lines are expected to be commissioned in 2018-19Railway Lines
As per Union Budget 2018-19, 600 stations will be redeveloped in the financial year
7000 stations to be feed with solar power in the medium term as proposed under the Railway Budget 2017-18
Railway Stations
In November 2017, the Prime Minister of India and Prime Minister of Bangladesh, along with Chief Minister of
West Bengal, launched a new cross border train - Kolkata-Khulna Bandhan Express.
New Trains launched
26. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways26
NEW SERVICES
Source: Railway Budget 2015–16, Railway Budget 2016–17
Indian Railways have proposed a very modern train system which would save 20 per cent of the journey time and
can run without an engine to haul them.
Similar in design to bullet trains and provides superior riding experience
Expected to be running on track by 2017
Train Sets
In May 2018, Parcel Cargo Express Train (PCET) commenced operations. The train connects the North-Eastern
region with the coast as its initial and penultimate stops are New Guwahati in Assam and Kalyan in Maharashtra.
A single PCET is able to carry consignments equivalent to 52 trucks and thus ensures less carbon emissions.
Freight Trains
In coordination with Japanese government, a high speed passenger train corridor, between Ahmedabad to
Mumbai, is being undertaken.High Speed Rail
Notes: km/h – kilometre per hour
Studies are being commissioned for other high speed routes in the diamond quadrilateral
Average speed of faster trains will increase from the existing 110 and 130 kmph to 160 and 200 kmph
respectively
The estimated value of the project is US$ 14.52 billion, which will reduce the duration of the journey by 2 hours.
Construction of the corridor is expected to complete by 2023
In Union Budget 2018-19, an amount of Rs 7,000 crore (US$ 1,081.25 million) was allocated for the bullet train
project.
Bullet Trains
27. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways27
TATKAL SEVA SCHEME
Source: Ministry of Railways
The Tatkal Seva Scheme was introduced by Railway Minister Nitish Kumar in December 1997. This scheme benefits those passengers who plan
their journeys at a very short notice and to save such passengers from touts
The scheme was revised in August 2004 and in 2009, 2011 and 2012. As per the Railway Budget FY14, tatkal charges have been revised
In June 2015, timings for booking of tickets in tatkal in AC and non – AC has been changed in order to reduce the load on the ticketing website
and booking window. Reservations for AC and non-AC will open at 10 AM and 11 AM respectively on the previous day
Tatkal charges have been fixed as a percentage of fare, at 10 per cent of basic fare for 2nd class and 30 per cent for all other classes subject to
minimum and maximum levels provided below
25 per cent of the fare amount will be deducted if cancellations are made 12 to 48 hours prior to departure and 50 per cent will be deducted if
cancellations made 4 to 12 hours prior to departure. Waiting list and Reservation against cancellation tickets will not get any refund if
cancellations are made 30 minutes prior to departure.
MobiKwik (Mobile payments network) has collaborated with IRCTC to launch e-cash payments for tatkal bookings
Classes of travel Minimum Tatkal charges (US$ ) Maximum Tatkal charges (US$ )
Minimum Distance for charge
(km)
Reserved Second Sitting (R2S) 0.16 0.23 100
Sleeper 1.55 3.10 500
AC Chair Car 1.94 3.49 250
AC 3 Tier 4.65 6.21 500
AC 2 Tier 6.21 7.76 500
Executive 6.21 7.76 250
28. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways28
DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDOR … (1/4)
Source: Ministry of Railways, Aranca Research
Note: DFC – Dedicated Freight Corridor, DFCCIL – Dedicated Freight Corridor, Corporation of India Limited, JV – Joint Venture, EDFC – Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor
Punjab -> Haryana -> Uttar
Pradesh -> Bihar -> West
Bengal/Jharkhand
Uttar Pradesh -> Haryana ->
Rajasthan -> Gujarat ->
Maharashtra
Western Corridor Eastern Corridor
DFCCIL, a special purpose vehicle, was set up for implementing the DFC project under the administrative control of the Ministry of Railways
The plan is to construct dedicated freight lines along the Eastern (1856 km route length) and Western (1504 km route length) parts of India
Total length: 3,360 kms; total estimated cost: US$ 12.44 billion as on July 2016; of which US$ 5.41 billion has already been spent by the
Government as of January 2018. The physical progress of the project upto January 2018 was 40.3 per cent.
World Bank granted loan of US$ 1,100 million for EDFC-2 and have sanctioned a loan of US$ 650 million for EDFC-3 in June, 2015
29. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways29
DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDOR … (2/4)
Note: Ministry of Railways, Aranca Research
Objectives
Increase rail
freight share
through
customised
logistic
services Segregate
freight and
passenger
lines for
focused
approach
Create
additional
freight
capacity to
meet demand
Introduce
time-tabled
freight
services to
ensure better
services
Adopt high-
end
technology for
real-time data
analysis
Reduce unit
cost of
transportation
and increase
productivity
30. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways30
DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDOR … (3/4)
64
91
76
91
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2016-17 2017-22
EDFC WDFC
Note: CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate, DFC – Dedicated Freight Corridor, EDFC – Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor, WDFC – Western Dedicated Freight Corridor, MT – Million
Tonnes
Freight traffic via DFC would increase at a CAGR of 5.4 per cent to
182 MT in 2021–22 from 140 MT in 2016–17
Container traffic would probably be an important constituent of the
WDFC and is expected to grow to 5.3 million TEUs in 2021–22 from
3.8 million TEUs in 2016–17
According to the operational strategy as mentioned in the Vision
2020, dedicated freight corridors and speed raising projects would be
completed in time bound manner
By 2020, 30,000 km of route would be double/multiple lines
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)Freight traffic projections on DFC (in MT)
CAGR 5.4%
31. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways31
DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDOR … (4/4)
DFC model mix (2016–17)
16%
84%
Road Share
Rail Share
Source: KPMG, Aranca Research
DFC model mix (2017–22)
13%
87%
Road Share
Rail Share
Due to the DFC project, added capacity and efficiency of new
infrastructure would result in an increased share of railway network
to 87 per cent in 2021–22 from 84 per cent projected in 2016–17
Dedicated Freight Corridors are expected to come on route of Delhi-
Kolkata, Mumbai-Delhi, Kolkata-Mumbai, Delhi-Chennai
32. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways32
INCREASING FDI INFLOWS
57.3 75.3
109.6
132.8
247.8
270.3
507.3
643.5
711.0
812.2
897.1
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Source: :Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Aranca Research
Note: FDI – Foreign Direct Investment, FY18* - up to December
From April 2000 to December 2017, FDI in Railways related
components industry stood at US$ 897.09 million, in India
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)
Cumulative FDI inflows
(April 2000 to December 2017) (US$ million)
33. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways33
MODERNISATION STRATEGY … (1/2)
Source: :Ministry of Railways, Aranca Research
Note: ICT – Information and Communication Technology, PPP – Public Private Partnership
Core assets
Track and
bridges
Signalling
Rolling
stock
Stations
and
terminals
Revenue models PPPs Land
Dedicated
freight corridors
High-
speed
trains
Projects Review of existing and proposed projects
Enablers ICT
Indigenous
development
Safety
Resources Funding
Human
resource
Organisation
To modernise Indian Railways, the focus is on 2
fundamental drivers, Safety and Growth and
along with a 5-pronged strategy:
Modernise core assets – They are key
revenue generating assets
Explore new revenue models – To meet the
funding needs for modernisation and growth
Review projects – To ensure financial
viability, social benefits and timely
implementation
Focus on enablers – For a holistic and long-
term approach to modernisation and
execution
Mobilise resources – To capitalise on an
opportunity
Information Technology – To improve
operational efficiency
Key focus areas
34. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways34
MODERNISATION: NEW THEME OF INDIAN RAILWAYS
… (2/2)
Source: Ministry of Railways, Aranca Research
Note: Km – Kilometres, IR – Indian Railways, UTS – Ultimate Tensile Strength, CST9 – Central Standard Trial-9, PSC – Pre Stressed Concrete
Sleepers have been upgraded from wooden, steel and CST-9 to
PSC sleepers
Heavier section and high tensile strength rails are being used (52
kg/60 kg 90 UTS rails are being used in place of 90 R/52 kg 72
UTS rails)
As of FY17, there were 93,902 kms of running track. In Union
Budget 2018-19, construction target of new railway lines
increased to 1,000 km from 800 km, which was set under the
Budget 2017-18
Replacing analogue type machines with digital type machines
and promotion of better and improved welding techniques
Track upgradation and welded rails
Adequate capacity for production of concrete sleepers to meet IR’s
present requirement has been developed
During FY12, 6.9 million broad-gauge mono-block concrete
sleepers and 10,359 sets of PSC turnout sleepers were
manufactured.
Under Railway Budget 2016-17, steel sleepers on steel bridges will
be replaced with environment friendly composite sleepers made of
recycled plastic waste
Modern bridge inspection and management system has been
adopted, which includes non-destructive testing techniques, under
water inspections, fibre composite wrapping and integrity testing
Sleepers and bridges
Increasing operational efficiency Unreserved Ticketing Services (UTS)
Design and development of 5500 HP WDG5 diesel locomotive
for faster, longer and heavier trains
Development of high-sensitivity thermal imaging camera with
online scanning facility to improve the reliability of electric
traction system
Development of 25 KV HV connector for multiple operation of
WAP5 locomotives with 1 pantograph in raised condition
In February 2017, Railways mobile app allows payments through
apps such as Paytm and MobiKwikfor unreserved tickets.
UTS was made functional at 5,778 locations with 10,760 terminals,
as of April 2015. Currently, 90 per cent of unreserved tickets are
now generated through UTS
The Indian Railways have introduced a mobile app “utsonmobile” in
Chennai which would allow the passengers a paperless ticketing
system and have considered to extend the services in all metros
36. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways36
POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK … (1/4)
Source: Times of India, Ministry of Railways, Aranca Research
To increase its share in automobiles transportation, Indian Railways notified a new scheme in March 2013,
Automobile Freight Train Operator. The scheme provides logistic service providers and road transporters an
opportunity to introduce their own special wagons to run on the railways’ network and avail of freight rebates in
return. The requirements for the scheme are laid down as under:
• Companies with minimum net worth of US$ 3.7 million or annual turnover of US$ 5.5 million are eligible to
participate in this scheme
• A registration fee of US$ 0.9 million is required to be paid to the Railway Ministry on approval as AFTOs
• Companies are required to introduce at least 3 rakes and make them operational within 6 months from the
commissioning of the 1st rake
• The freight rates would be notified from time to time for specific stock to be moved by AFTOs
• The freight rebate would be incorporated in the freight rates specified for transport of automobiles
• Special wagons would be designed and developed by Research, Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO)
for induction by 3rd party logistics providers and road transporters
• Each rake is to have a capacity to carry 318 small cars. The rake should be tested by RDSO
Railways was the preferred carrier of automobiles in the country with loading from automobiles traffic growing 16
per cent in 2017-18
To make the policy more effective, Ministry of Railways liberalised the AFTO policy by reducing registration fees
from Rs 5 crore (US$ 0.78 million) to Rs 3 crore (US$ 0.47 million). Also, the requirement of minimum
procurement of at least 3 rakes under the scheme has been relaxed to 1 rake.
Automobile Freight
Train Operator Scheme
2013
100 per cent FDI under automatic route is permitted for approved list of projects
Foreign Direct
Investment
37. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways37
POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK … (2/4)
Source: Ministry of Railways, Make in India website, Aranca Research
Note: R3i – Railways' Infrastructure for Industry Initiative, SPV – Special Purpose Vehicle, R2CI – Railways Policy for Connectivity to Coal and Iron Ore Mines
The policy aims to attract private sector participation in rail connectivity projects to create additional rail transport
capacity
The policy allows for 4 models: (a) Cost Sharing-Freight Rebate (b) Full Contribution- Apportioned Earnings (c)
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) and (d) Private Line
R3i policy
This new policy was initiated to improve rail connectivity to coal and iron ore mines
The policy offers the developer involved in the construction of the line to levy a surcharge on the freight over a
period of 10–25 years
The policy has two models: Capital Cost and SPV Models. The Capital Cost Model is relevant when there are 2
players, whereas the SPV Model is intended for a large number of players
R2CI
Connectivity to the major ports through PPP funding
Approval has been granted for 7 ports amounting to US$ 0.7 billion
Development of the major stations to equip them with international level of amenities and services
Public Private
Partnership (PPP)
Indian Railways launched the Wagon Investment Scheme in 2005 to offer freight rebates and supply a
guaranteed number of rakes for a period of 7 to 15 years for different types of wagons
The Ministry of Railways proposed to set up 5 wagon factories in Secunderabad, Bardhaman,
Bhubaneswar/Kalahandi, Guwahati and Haldia under the JV/PPP model.
In FY16, two companies have been registered as wagon leasing company.
Approval for 4 new BLC and 2 BTAP rakes have been granted and 12 rakes of BLC wagons were procured in
FY16.
Wagon investment
scheme
38. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways38
POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK … (3/4)
Source: Ministry of Railways, Railway Budget 2015-16, Press Information Bureau, Aranca Research
Note: kms – Kilometers
For 2018-19, the total capital and development expenditure of Railways has been pegged at Rs 148,000 crore
(US$ 22.86 billion).
For passenger safety, a Rashtriya Rail Sanraksha Kosh will be created with a corpus of Rs 1 lakh crore (US$
15.61 billion) over a period of 5 years.
It is proposed to feed about 7,000 stations with solar power in the medium term.
The Government of India is going to come up with a ‘National Rail Plan’ which will enable the country to integrate
its rail network with other modes of transport and develop a multi-modal transportation network.
A new Metro Rail Policy will be announced with focus on innovative models of implementation and financing, as
well as standardisation and indigenisation of hardware and software.
By 2019, all coaches of Indian Railways will be fitted with bio toilets.
In the next 3 years, the throughput is proposed to be enhanced by 10 per cent.
500 stations will be made differently abled friendly by providing lifts and escalators.
Railways
announcements
This policy supersedes the R3i and R2CI policies notified earlier
The policy provides for supplementing government’s investment in rail infrastructure projects by private capital
flows
The policy contains the following models: non-government railway; JV with equity participation by railways;
capacity augmentation through funding by customers; capacity augmentation – annuity model applicability; and
BOT
A few projects undertaken under the participative policy of Ministry of Railways include Jaigarh Port-Digni Port,
Hamarpur-Rewas Port, Chiplun-Karad, Vaibhavwadi-Kolhapur and Indore-Mammad.
Participative models
for rail connectivity and
capacity augmented
projects
39. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways39
POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK … (4/4)
Source: Ministry of Railways, Railway Budget 2015 – 16, News Articles; Press Information Bureau, Aranca Research
Key modernisation initiativesKey modernisation initiatives
As per Budget 2018-19, Northern Railways Department of Indian Railways is going to undertake modernisation of
its entire signalling system with an estimated investment of Rs 9,000 crore (US$ 1.40 billion)
Government of India has preponed its target of install bio-toilets in the entire fleet of coaches by 2019. As of
March 2018, bio-toilets have been installed in around 60 per cent of all passenger-carrying coaches of Indian
Railways.
Introduced ‘Operation 5 minutes’ scheme for passengers travelling unreserved, which provides the passengers
the time to purchase tickets within 5 minutes
Introducing 24/7 All – India helpline number through which passengers could address their problems on a real –
time basis. Toll free number, 138 has been launched as 24/7 All-India helpline number and availability of Toll -
free number, 182, for security related complaints
Moving towards paperless ticketing and charting by development of multi – lingual e – ticketing portal. In the
coming years, SMS on mobiles would be taken as proof instead of tickets promoting paperless tickets throughout
India.
In an initiative to decarbonize rail transport, Indian Railways will be collaborating with various public sector
enterprises to speed up the process of electrification of railway tracks. Electrification of 6,000 km of routes has
been planned for 2018-19.
As of June 2017, the Indian Railways is preparing to acquire 25 E5 Shinkasen series bullet trains from Japan for
an estimated cost of US$743.71 million. The high speed corridor will have urinals, western style toilets with hot
water and washing closet seat facility, separate washrooms for men and women equipped with triple mirrors for
make-up and many other facilities.
Key modernisation
initiatives
40. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways40
POLICY FOCUS ON BETTER STATIONS: THE INDIAN
RAILWAY STATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
Source: Press information Bureau, GOI and News websites
Note: SPV – Special Purpose Vehicle, PSU – Public Sector Undertaking
Salient features
The corporation was created with the view of making Indian
Railways’ stations world class as a Public–Private Partnership
venture (PPP)
A MoU for the SPV was signed between 2 railway PSUs: Ircon
International Ltd. and the Rail Land Development Authority
The SPV has a share capital of US$ 22.93 billion, with 51:49 equity
between IRCON and RLDA
Total revenues for FY17 earned by the Indian Railway Station
Development Corporation Ltd. stood at US$ 0.31 million
As per Union Budget 2018, redevelopment of 600 major railway
stations will be undertaken in 2018-19. Also, all stations which
have footfall of more than 25,000 will be installed with escalators.
Need and importance
To meet with the aspirations of rail users and to facilitate them with
better facilities
To augment and improve passenger related amenities at stations
to high standards
To have modern stations that would be functional, customer-
oriented and well equipped with proper circulation area and railway
operation facilities
Designed to provide well-designed concourses, high-quality
waiting spaces, easy access to the platforms, congestion-free
platforms, modern catering facilities, hotels and other facilities
42. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways42
DELHI METRO: A RUNAWAY PUBLIC SECTOR
SUCCESS
44.5
63.4
78.6
105.4
187.7
415.4
494.8
530.5
583.4
646.17
836.29
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17
CAGR 34.09%
Source: :Delhi Metro website, Annual Report,Aranca Research
Revenues from operations increased at a CAGR of 34.09 per cent
during FY07–17 to US$ 836.29 million
The total ridership in FY17 and first quarter of FY18 stood at
1,001.65 million and 248.1 million respectively.
On 17th August 2016, Delhi metro created a record of highest
number of commuters travelling using metro in a day (3.36 million)
Total operational network across Phase I and Phase II spans 190
kms and covers 143 stations
Phase III of the project was approved in August 2011 and covers a
route length of 159.33 km and 107 stations
Finalised Phase IV of the project would cover an area of more than
115 km and it is expected to be completed by 2021
Automatic Fare Collection Gates have installed an additional 200
gates at various stations
Average speed of trains have seen a positive growth from 33 kmph
to 36 kmph
The capital cost of completion of Phase III was estimated at US$ 4.5
billion, saving about US$ 173 million from the budgeted expenditure
The phase was completed 3 years ahead of schedule
Average duration of major tenders was 19 days compared with the 3
to 9 months, which is the norm
Visakhapatnam port traffic (million tonnes)Revenues from operations (US$ million)
46. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways46
GLOSSARY
CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate
FDI: Foreign Direct Investment
FY: Indian Financial Year (April–March)
• FY12 implies April 2011 to March 2012
DFC: Dedicated Freight Corridor
DFCCIL: Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited
PPP: Public-Private Partnership
IIP: Index of Industrial Production
R2CI: Railways Policy for Connectivity to Coal and Iron Ore Mines
R3i: Railways' Infrastructure for Industry Initiative
CST – 9: Central Standard Trial-9,
SPV: Special Purpose Vehicle
US$ : US Dollar
Wherever applicable, numbers have been rounded off to the nearest whole number
47. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways47
EXCHANGE RATES
Exchange Rates (Fiscal Year) Exchange Rates (Calendar Year)
Year INR INR Equivalent of one US$
2004–05 44.95
2005–06 44.28
2006–07 45.29
2007–08 40.24
2008–09 45.91
2009–10 47.42
2010–11 45.58
2011–12 47.95
2012–13 54.45
2013–14 60.50
2014-15 61.15
2015-16 65.46
2016-17 67.09
2017-18 64.45
Year INR Equivalent of one US$
2005 44.11
2006 45.33
2007 41.29
2008 43.42
2009 48.35
2010 45.74
2011 46.67
2012 53.49
2013 58.63
2014 61.03
2015 64.15
2016 67.21
2017 65.12
Source: Reserve Bank of India, Average for the year
48. For updated information, please visit www.ibef.orgRailways48
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