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‫ل‬                              ‫- ر‬                 ‫ا‬                 ‫ا‬
                                                                ‫ء رودا‬



                                                                                                                           ‫ا ول:‬                      ‫ا‬
        ‫ص ‪. Pb‬‬
         ‫602‬
          ‫28‬                 ‫ات ا‬           ‫‪α‬و ‪β‬إ‬
                                                ‫−‬
                                                                    ‫تا‬    ‫ا‬                     ‫832‬
                                                                                                 ‫29‬ ‫م ‪U‬‬
                                                                                               ‫ات ا ورا‬ ‫ل‬
                                                                                 ‫1- د د ا ت ‪ α‬و د ا ت ‪. β‬‬
                                                                                      ‫−‬


                                                                   ‫اة ‪. 206 Pb‬‬
                                                                      ‫28‬           ‫ل اة ‪ 238U‬إ‬
                                                                                      ‫29‬         ‫2- اآ ا د ا‬
                                                                 ‫‪α‬‬
                                                                                    ‫622 01‬
                     ‫:‬         ‫د ا‬      ‫ا‬   ‫و‬           ‫ا‬                ‫‪ 1g‬ا اد م ‪ 3,62.10 88 Ra‬د‬        ‫3-‬
‫622‬
 ‫88‬   ‫‪Ra → Rn + He‬‬
          ‫‪A‬‬
          ‫‪Z‬‬
                ‫4‬
                ‫2‬

                                                                                                                     ‫‪ A‬و ‪.Z‬‬                    ‫أ- أو‬
                                                                                              ‫اد م.‬                  ‫ا‬                         ‫ب- ا‬
                                                                        ‫‪.14,3 jours‬‬           ‫ر ‪ 15 P‬ه‬
                                                                                                ‫53‬
                                                                                                                           ‫ا‬                      ‫4-‬
                                                                      ‫ر ‪. 15 P‬‬
                                                                        ‫53‬
                                                                                  ‫ةا‬                               ‫ا طا‬                            ‫ا‬
                                                                                                                           ‫:‬           ‫ا‬              ‫ا‬
                                 ‫)‪ (Z,N‬آ‬    ‫:‬
                                            ‫دا ا‬                                                        ‫ار‬             ‫ا‬
              ‫ذي ا د : ‪N=Z‬‬       ‫)02<‪ (Z‬ا‬       ‫ىا‬                                                 ‫ار‬              ‫ا‬                           ‫•‬
       ‫ذي ا د : 01-‪N= 1,5Z‬‬    ‫)04>‪ (A‬ل ا‬      ‫ىا‬                                              ‫ار‬               ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬                             ‫•‬
                              ‫)05=‪.(Z‬‬     ‫م )3=‪ (Z‬و ا‬                                         ‫ة‬       ‫1- د د آ ا ى ا‬
                            ‫و ت أم ا و ت؟‬     ‫ا‬                                                  ‫ة؟ ه‬         ‫اة ‪7 N‬‬
                                                                                                             ‫21‬
                                                                                                                     ‫2- ه ا‬
                           ‫و ت أم ا و ت؟‬    ‫ا‬                                                   ‫ة؟ ه‬       ‫اة ‪45 Rh‬‬
                                                                                                          ‫511‬
                                                                                                                     ‫3- ه ا‬

                                                                                                                           ‫:‬           ‫ا‬              ‫ا‬
                                                ‫ة رة ‪. Ra‬‬
                                                    ‫‪A‬‬
                                                    ‫‪Z‬‬
                                                            ‫*‬
                                                             ‫د ‪ α‬و اة‬            ‫اة ا ر م ‪Th‬‬                 ‫722‬
                                                                                                              ‫09‬

                             ‫..‬        ‫اا‬       ‫ع ‪ γ‬ا اآ‬  ‫‪ 227Th‬و د ا‬
                                                                 ‫09‬        ‫د ا‬    ‫1- د ‪ A‬و ‪ Z‬و اآ‬
                         ‫ه‬     ‫ة ‪Th‬‬
                             ‫722‬
                              ‫09‬                  ‫ا‬    ‫أن‬  ‫‪،1mg‬‬     ‫ا ر م ‪ 227Th‬آ‬
                                                                       ‫09‬                 ‫2- د ط‬
                                                                                   ‫‪.t1/2 = 18,3jours‬‬
                                                                                                                           ‫ا ا :‬                      ‫ا‬
                    ‫:‬         ‫د ا‬       ‫ا‬   ‫و‬   ‫602‬
                                                 ‫28‬   ‫ص ‪Pb‬‬           ‫ةا‬   ‫‪α‬و‬              ‫د‬         ‫012‬
                                                                                                     ‫48‬     ‫م ‪Po‬‬               ‫ةا‬
‫012‬
 ‫48‬   ‫‪Po→ Pb + He‬‬
          ‫602‬
           ‫28‬
                ‫4‬
                ‫2‬

                                                    ‫‪.m0=1g‬‬       ‫مآ‬               ‫ا‬                     ‫‪t=0s‬‬               ‫ا‬                        ‫1-‬
                                                     ‫‪.t' = 227jours‬‬           ‫ا‬                            ‫‪ α‬ا‬                 ‫ا‬           ‫آ‬          ‫ا‬
                                                              ‫.‬                       ‫ه ا‬                ‫ما‬                ‫ا‬       ‫آ‬               ‫2-ا‬
                                                                                                                                   ‫ت:‬                 ‫ا‬
‫. ‪M( α ) ≈ 4g.mol-1 ; M(Po)≈ 210g.mol-1 ; t1/2 (Po) = 138,5 jours‬‬




         ‫‪http://phychi.voila.net‬‬
‫:‬           ‫ا‬          ‫ا‬
      ‫%27,0 و %82,99.‬         ‫ا ا‬      ‫532 و 832 ورا م ‪ U‬ه‬                                     ‫ا‬
                                                                                             ‫ا رة ا‬
‫ا ورا م ول‬      ‫ر‬                     ‫ا رة )%05( ا‬      ‫ان‬                            ‫ض أن ه ذ ا‬
                                                                                        ‫.‬     ‫ة ا‬
                                     ‫ار .‬           ‫أ‬       ‫ا‬       ‫ة‬       ‫ر ا ورا م ول‬
                                                                                                           ‫ت:‬         ‫ا‬

‫.1-‪λ235 = 1,02 ×10-9 an-1 ; λ238 = 1,55 ×10-10 an‬‬
                                                                                   ‫832 ‪N‬‬
      ‫.‬     ‫تا‬            ‫‪t‬‬             ‫‪ 235U‬و ‪U‬‬
                                      ‫832‬
                                                                ‫ات ا‬        ‫دي‬                     ‫ا‬               ‫1- أ‬
                                                                                   ‫532 ‪N‬‬
                                                                                       ‫‪N‬‬
                                                        ‫.‬       ‫ا‬            ‫ة‬    ‫832 ا ا‬              ‫ا‬           ‫2- ا‬
                                                                                       ‫532 ‪N‬‬

                                                                ‫.‬       ‫ا‬        ‫ا ورا م‬                       ‫د‬    ‫3-‬




      ‫‪http://phychi.voila.net‬‬
‫ا‬
                                                                                                                          :‫ا ول‬             ‫ا‬
                                           :     ‫ا‬         ‫ا‬    206
                                                                 82   Pb ‫اة‬        ‫إ‬     U ‫اة‬
                                                                                       238
                                                                                        92            ‫ل‬               ‫د ا‬       ‫ا‬          -1
  U → Pb + x He + y e
238
 92
               206
                82
                          4
                          2
                                  0
                                 −1

                                                                                             :‫ت‬                      ‫ظا دا‬           ‫-ا‬
      238=206+4x
                                                                                                                                      ‫و‬
      4x=32
                                                                                                                                    :‫إذن‬
      x=8

                                                                                                  :              ‫ا‬        ‫ظا‬         ‫-ا‬
      92=82+16-y
                                                                                                                                    :‫إذن‬
      y=6
                                                           .6 ‫ ه‬β − ‫ت‬         ‫دا‬        ‫ه 8و‬α ‫ت‬                  ‫دا‬       ‫وه ا ن‬
                                                                                                                                           -2
  U → Pb +8 He + 6 e
238
 92
               206
                82
                         4
                         2
                                  0
                                 −1




                                                                                                                                           -3
                                                                                                                                      -‫أ‬
                                                                                             :              ‫تا‬       ‫دا‬     ‫ظ‬        ‫-ا‬
226=A+4
A=222.
                                                                                                  :              ‫ا‬        ‫ظا‬         ‫-ا‬
      88=Z+2
      Z=86
                                                                                                                                -‫ب‬
                                                                               10
                                                               a =3,62.10 Bq : ‫ه‬                      226
                                                                                                       88   Ra       1g      ‫طا‬
                                                                                                                            :‫أن‬
                           m.N A       ln 2 m.N A
      a = λN = λ                     =
                          M ( 88 Ra ) t1 / 2 M ( 226Ra )
                             226
                                                  88

                                                                                                                                    :‫إذن‬
                  ln 2 m.N A
      t1 / 2    =
                   a M ( 226Ra )
                          88

                                                                                                                                :‫ت ع‬
                                  23
                     ln 2.1.6,02.10
      t1 / 2 =                      = 5,10.1010 s ≈ 1617ans
                      3,62.1010.226




           http://phychi.voila.net
:           -4
           ln 2        ln 2
      λ=         =             = 5,61.10 −7 s −1
           t1 / 2 14,3.24.3600
                                                                                     :        ‫ا‬                ‫ا‬
                                                N=Z :             ‫اره‬      ‫نا‬    ‫م‬   ‫أن اة ا‬               -1
                                                                                           :                 ‫و‬
A=2Z=6
                                       :                ‫اره‬   ‫( ن ا‬A>40)             ‫أن اة ا‬               -2
N=1,5Z-10 =65
                                                                                              :                ‫و‬
A=Z+N=50+65=115.
                                           (Z=7 ; N=5) Z>N ‫إ أن‬              7 N ‫اة‬
                                                                            12
                                                                                       ‫3- ا‬
                                .‫ا و ت‬             ‫ه‬            ‫ة‬               7 N ‫اة‬
                                                                               12
                                                                                          ‫ا‬
                      .(N=70) ‫و‬    70 ‫( و‬Z=45) ‫54 و‬          ‫ي‬            45 Rh ‫اة‬
                                                                         115
                                                                                       ‫4- ا‬
                                               :‫ة‬   ‫ن‬      ‫و ت ا زم‬          ‫دا‬
Nth=1,5Z-10= 1,5 . 45 -10 =57,5<N.
               .‫و ت‬     ‫ا‬           ‫ه‬        ‫ة‬         45 Rh ‫اة‬
                                                      115
                                                                  ‫ إذن ا‬N≠Nth :‫و أن‬
                                                                                     :        ‫ا‬                ‫ا‬
                                                                                                           -1
227
 90 Th→ Ra + He
           A
           Z
                 *    4
                      2

                                                                            :‫ت‬       ‫ظا دا‬                 ‫-ا‬
227= A+4
A=223.
                                                                                 :       ‫دا‬   ‫ظ‬            ‫-ا‬
90 =Z+2
Z=88
                                                                                     :        ‫د ا‬              -
227
 90 Th→ Ra + He
           223
            88
                      4
                      2

                                                                                                           :
A
Z   Ra → Ra + γ
      *    A
           Z

                                                                                                  :        -2
                   m.N A     ln 2 m.N A
a = λN = λ                 =
                  M ( 90Th) t1 / 2 M ( 227Th)
                     227
                                        90

                                                                                                      :‫ت ع‬
                 −3       23
      ln 2.10 .6,02.10
a=                     = 1,16.1012 Bq
      18,3.24.3600.227




          http://phychi.voila.net
: ‫ا ا‬            ‫ا‬
                                                                                     : ‫ه‬t                       ‫ما‬            ‫د ىا‬       ‫أن‬        -1
                             m0 N A −λ .t
N = N 0e −λ .t =                     e
                             M ( Po)
                                                                                            .α      ‫د‬                ‫م‬          ‫ة‬        ‫و أن آ‬
                                                                                                   : ‫ه‬t                        ‫ا‬α        ‫إذن د د‬
N (α ) = N 0 − N = N 0 (1 − e − λ .t )
                                                                                                                         : ‫ه‬        ‫ا‬α        ‫د‬     ‫آ‬
        N (α ).M (α ) N 0 .M (α )
m(α ) =              =            (1 − e −λ .t )
             NA            NA
                                                                                                                                              :
       m0 N A
N0 =
       M ( Po)
                                                                                                                                                  :‫إذن‬
              m0 .M (α )                 m .M (α )                                 t
                                                          −(ln 2 ).
m(α ) =                  (1 − e −λ .t ) = 0        1 − e           t1 / 2 

               M ( Po)                    M ( Po) 
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                                                                                              :‫ت ع‬
              1 .4                                      
                                                227
                                      −(ln 2 ).
m(α ) =            1 − e                      138 , 5    ≈ 1,3.10 −2 g
              210 
                                                         
                                                         
                                                                                                : ‫ه‬t                     ‫ما‬          ‫د ىا‬          -2
               − λ .t
N = N 0e
                                                                                            :      ‫آ‬                     ‫ا‬     m                    ‫و‬
                                        (ln 2 ).t
                                      −
m = m0e −λ .t = m0e                       t1 / 2


                                                                                                                                              :‫ت ع‬
             (ln 2 ).2.365 , 25
           −
m = 1e            138 , 5
                                      = 2,58.10 −2 g = 25,8mg
                                                                                                                                :         ‫ا‬          ‫ا‬
       :          ‫ا‬               ‫ا‬                         ‫ةآ‬       ‫د‬         ‫إذن‬       ‫ا ار‬      ‫أ‬       ‫رة‬    ‫ا‬                     ‫أن ا‬        -1
                      − λ235t
N 235 = N 0e
N 238 = N 0e − λ238t
                                                                                                                                         :          ‫و‬
                        − λ238t            − λ238t
N 238 N 0e         e
     =     −λ235t
                  = −λ235t = e ( λ235 −λ238 )t
N 235 N 0e         e
                                                            .N             ‫ا‬               ‫ا ة‬         ‫ا ورا م ا‬             ‫د ى‬                   -2
                                                                                                                                              :
N238 = 0,9928.N
N235 = 0,0072.N
                                                                                                                                                  :‫إذن‬


           http://phychi.voila.net
N 238 0,9928 N
     =         ≈ 137,89
N 235 0,0072 N
                                        :‫أن‬     -3
N 238
      = e ( λ235 −λ238 )t
N 235
                                              :‫إذن‬
     N 
   ln 238 
     N 
t =  235 
   λ235 − λ238
                                              :‫ت ع‬
       ln (137,89)
t=                  −10
                        ≈ 5,7.109 ans
   (10,2 − 1,55).10




         http://phychi.voila.net

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Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
 

Radioact1

  • 1. ‫ل‬ ‫- ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء رودا‬ ‫ا ول:‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ص ‪. Pb‬‬ ‫602‬ ‫28‬ ‫ات ا‬ ‫‪α‬و ‪β‬إ‬ ‫−‬ ‫تا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫832‬ ‫29‬ ‫م ‪U‬‬ ‫ات ا ورا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫1- د د ا ت ‪ α‬و د ا ت ‪. β‬‬ ‫−‬ ‫اة ‪. 206 Pb‬‬ ‫28‬ ‫ل اة ‪ 238U‬إ‬ ‫29‬ ‫2- اآ ا د ا‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫622 01‬ ‫:‬ ‫د ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪ 1g‬ا اد م ‪ 3,62.10 88 Ra‬د‬ ‫3-‬ ‫622‬ ‫88‬ ‫‪Ra → Rn + He‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Z‬‬ ‫4‬ ‫2‬ ‫‪ A‬و ‪.Z‬‬ ‫أ- أو‬ ‫اد م.‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب- ا‬ ‫‪.14,3 jours‬‬ ‫ر ‪ 15 P‬ه‬ ‫53‬ ‫ا‬ ‫4-‬ ‫ر ‪. 15 P‬‬ ‫53‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫ا طا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫:‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫)‪ (Z,N‬آ‬ ‫:‬ ‫دا ا‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذي ا د : ‪N=Z‬‬ ‫)02<‪ (Z‬ا‬ ‫ىا‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ا‬ ‫•‬ ‫ذي ا د : 01-‪N= 1,5Z‬‬ ‫)04>‪ (A‬ل ا‬ ‫ىا‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫•‬ ‫)05=‪.(Z‬‬ ‫م )3=‪ (Z‬و ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫1- د د آ ا ى ا‬ ‫و ت أم ا و ت؟‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة؟ ه‬ ‫اة ‪7 N‬‬ ‫21‬ ‫2- ه ا‬ ‫و ت أم ا و ت؟‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة؟ ه‬ ‫اة ‪45 Rh‬‬ ‫511‬ ‫3- ه ا‬ ‫:‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة رة ‪. Ra‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Z‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫د ‪ α‬و اة‬ ‫اة ا ر م ‪Th‬‬ ‫722‬ ‫09‬ ‫..‬ ‫اا‬ ‫ع ‪ γ‬ا اآ‬ ‫‪ 227Th‬و د ا‬ ‫09‬ ‫د ا‬ ‫1- د ‪ A‬و ‪ Z‬و اآ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ة ‪Th‬‬ ‫722‬ ‫09‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫‪،1mg‬‬ ‫ا ر م ‪ 227Th‬آ‬ ‫09‬ ‫2- د ط‬ ‫‪.t1/2 = 18,3jours‬‬ ‫ا ا :‬ ‫ا‬ ‫:‬ ‫د ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫602‬ ‫28‬ ‫ص ‪Pb‬‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫‪α‬و‬ ‫د‬ ‫012‬ ‫48‬ ‫م ‪Po‬‬ ‫ةا‬ ‫012‬ ‫48‬ ‫‪Po→ Pb + He‬‬ ‫602‬ ‫28‬ ‫4‬ ‫2‬ ‫‪.m0=1g‬‬ ‫مآ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪t=0s‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫1-‬ ‫‪.t' = 227jours‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪ α‬ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫.‬ ‫ه ا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫2-ا‬ ‫ت:‬ ‫ا‬ ‫. ‪M( α ) ≈ 4g.mol-1 ; M(Po)≈ 210g.mol-1 ; t1/2 (Po) = 138,5 jours‬‬ ‫‪http://phychi.voila.net‬‬
  • 2. ‫:‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫%27,0 و %82,99.‬ ‫ا ا‬ ‫532 و 832 ورا م ‪ U‬ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا رة ا‬ ‫ا ورا م ول‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا رة )%05( ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ض أن ه ذ ا‬ ‫.‬ ‫ة ا‬ ‫ار .‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر ا ورا م ول‬ ‫ت:‬ ‫ا‬ ‫.1-‪λ235 = 1,02 ×10-9 an-1 ; λ238 = 1,55 ×10-10 an‬‬ ‫832 ‪N‬‬ ‫.‬ ‫تا‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ 235U‬و ‪U‬‬ ‫832‬ ‫ات ا‬ ‫دي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫1- أ‬ ‫532 ‪N‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫.‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫832 ا ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫2- ا‬ ‫532 ‪N‬‬ ‫.‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا ورا م‬ ‫د‬ ‫3-‬ ‫‪http://phychi.voila.net‬‬
  • 3. ‫ا‬ :‫ا ول‬ ‫ا‬ : ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 206 82 Pb ‫اة‬ ‫إ‬ U ‫اة‬ 238 92 ‫ل‬ ‫د ا‬ ‫ا‬ -1 U → Pb + x He + y e 238 92 206 82 4 2 0 −1 :‫ت‬ ‫ظا دا‬ ‫-ا‬ 238=206+4x ‫و‬ 4x=32 :‫إذن‬ x=8 : ‫ا‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫-ا‬ 92=82+16-y :‫إذن‬ y=6 .6 ‫ ه‬β − ‫ت‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ه 8و‬α ‫ت‬ ‫دا‬ ‫وه ا ن‬ -2 U → Pb +8 He + 6 e 238 92 206 82 4 2 0 −1 -3 -‫أ‬ : ‫تا‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫-ا‬ 226=A+4 A=222. : ‫ا‬ ‫ظا‬ ‫-ا‬ 88=Z+2 Z=86 -‫ب‬ 10 a =3,62.10 Bq : ‫ه‬ 226 88 Ra 1g ‫طا‬ :‫أن‬ m.N A ln 2 m.N A a = λN = λ = M ( 88 Ra ) t1 / 2 M ( 226Ra ) 226 88 :‫إذن‬ ln 2 m.N A t1 / 2 = a M ( 226Ra ) 88 :‫ت ع‬ 23 ln 2.1.6,02.10 t1 / 2 = = 5,10.1010 s ≈ 1617ans 3,62.1010.226 http://phychi.voila.net
  • 4. : -4 ln 2 ln 2 λ= = = 5,61.10 −7 s −1 t1 / 2 14,3.24.3600 : ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ N=Z : ‫اره‬ ‫نا‬ ‫م‬ ‫أن اة ا‬ -1 : ‫و‬ A=2Z=6 : ‫اره‬ ‫( ن ا‬A>40) ‫أن اة ا‬ -2 N=1,5Z-10 =65 : ‫و‬ A=Z+N=50+65=115. (Z=7 ; N=5) Z>N ‫إ أن‬ 7 N ‫اة‬ 12 ‫3- ا‬ .‫ا و ت‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ة‬ 7 N ‫اة‬ 12 ‫ا‬ .(N=70) ‫و‬ 70 ‫( و‬Z=45) ‫54 و‬ ‫ي‬ 45 Rh ‫اة‬ 115 ‫4- ا‬ :‫ة‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و ت ا زم‬ ‫دا‬ Nth=1,5Z-10= 1,5 . 45 -10 =57,5<N. .‫و ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ة‬ 45 Rh ‫اة‬ 115 ‫ إذن ا‬N≠Nth :‫و أن‬ : ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ -1 227 90 Th→ Ra + He A Z * 4 2 :‫ت‬ ‫ظا دا‬ ‫-ا‬ 227= A+4 A=223. : ‫دا‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫-ا‬ 90 =Z+2 Z=88 : ‫د ا‬ - 227 90 Th→ Ra + He 223 88 4 2 : A Z Ra → Ra + γ * A Z : -2 m.N A ln 2 m.N A a = λN = λ = M ( 90Th) t1 / 2 M ( 227Th) 227 90 :‫ت ع‬ −3 23 ln 2.10 .6,02.10 a= = 1,16.1012 Bq 18,3.24.3600.227 http://phychi.voila.net
  • 5. : ‫ا ا‬ ‫ا‬ : ‫ه‬t ‫ما‬ ‫د ىا‬ ‫أن‬ -1 m0 N A −λ .t N = N 0e −λ .t = e M ( Po) .α ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و أن آ‬ : ‫ه‬t ‫ا‬α ‫إذن د د‬ N (α ) = N 0 − N = N 0 (1 − e − λ .t ) : ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬α ‫د‬ ‫آ‬ N (α ).M (α ) N 0 .M (α ) m(α ) = = (1 − e −λ .t ) NA NA : m0 N A N0 = M ( Po) :‫إذن‬ m0 .M (α ) m .M (α )   t −(ln 2 ). m(α ) = (1 − e −λ .t ) = 0 1 − e t1 / 2  M ( Po) M ( Po)    :‫ت ع‬ 1 .4   227 −(ln 2 ). m(α ) = 1 − e 138 , 5  ≈ 1,3.10 −2 g 210    : ‫ه‬t ‫ما‬ ‫د ىا‬ -2 − λ .t N = N 0e : ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ m ‫و‬ (ln 2 ).t − m = m0e −λ .t = m0e t1 / 2 :‫ت ع‬ (ln 2 ).2.365 , 25 − m = 1e 138 , 5 = 2,58.10 −2 g = 25,8mg : ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ : ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ةآ‬ ‫د‬ ‫إذن‬ ‫ا ار‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن ا‬ -1 − λ235t N 235 = N 0e N 238 = N 0e − λ238t : ‫و‬ − λ238t − λ238t N 238 N 0e e = −λ235t = −λ235t = e ( λ235 −λ238 )t N 235 N 0e e .N ‫ا‬ ‫ا ة‬ ‫ا ورا م ا‬ ‫د ى‬ -2 : N238 = 0,9928.N N235 = 0,0072.N :‫إذن‬ http://phychi.voila.net
  • 6. N 238 0,9928 N = ≈ 137,89 N 235 0,0072 N :‫أن‬ -3 N 238 = e ( λ235 −λ238 )t N 235 :‫إذن‬ N  ln 238  N  t =  235  λ235 − λ238 :‫ت ع‬ ln (137,89) t= −10 ≈ 5,7.109 ans (10,2 − 1,55).10 http://phychi.voila.net