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In the Kohlberg's pre-conventional stage of individualism and
exchange, children recognize that there is only one right view
and that is handed down by the authorities.
Select one:
True
False
Question 2
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Social risk factors in pregnancy that can have a negative effect
on development include
Select one:
a. a large family
b. a lack of maternal education
c. the prenatal environment
d. unemployment
Question 3
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Information processing characterizes thinking as the
environment providing input of data, which is then transformed
by our senses. The information can be stored, retrieved and
transformed using “mental programs”, with the results being
behavioral responses.
Select one:

True
False
Question 4
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According to Erickson, infancy is the stage of
Select one:
a. rapid growth and development
b. trust vs. mistrust
c. attachment
d. obtaining object permanence
Question 5
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A person who hates mess, is obsessively tidy, punctual and
respectful of authority are examples of a person in ____ stage?
Select one:
a. oral
b. phallic
c. genital
d. anal
Question 6
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Use of which of the following substances leads to the most
preventable cause of irreversible developmental disabilities in
the Western world?
Select one:
a. Herion

b. Alcohol
c. Crack cocaine
d. Cigarettes
Question 7
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Which of the following statements is FALSE about infant
communication?
Select one:
a. Babies need to hear speech from birth or they will not begin
to babble at the appropriate age.
b. Babies prefer adult speech to baby talk.
c. Although all babies eventually develop all forms of speech,
babies from different racial and cultural backgrounds develop
these forms of speech in different sequences.
d. By the end of the first year, a baby's expressive language is
better than its receptive language.
Question 8
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Which of the following factors does NOT contribute as a barrier
to father-infant interactions in an unmarried, non-cohabitated
situation?
Select one:
a. Maternal depression
b. Negative relationship with the mother's family
c. Poverty
d. father's occupation
Question 9
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Views of others matter, avoidance of blame and seek approval
are characteristics of what level of Kohlberg's theory?
Select one:
a. level 2: conventional morality
b. level 3: post-conventional morality
c. level 1: pre-conventional morality
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Question 10
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During the Erickson's generativity vs stagnation stage, we
contemplate our accomplishments and can develop integrity if
we see ourselves as leading a successful life.
Select one:
True
False
Question 11
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Which of the following is NOT true about childbirth?
Select one:
a. Patterned breathing and relaxation can reduce a woman's
perception of pain.
b. Walking and movement during childbirth can shorten the
labor.
c. Use of medication during labor and delivery is always a safe
option.
d. The presence of a supportive birth attendant during labor can
result in the requirement of less medical intervention

Question 12
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Seth's mother is playing a game with him. She hides his favorite
bear under a couch pillow. Seth pushes the pillow aside and
picks up his bear. Seth is displaying
Select one:
a. object permanence
b. memory
c. problem solving
d. primary circular reactions
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Question 13
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about failure to
thrive infants?
Select one:
a. Failure to thrive infants start life at a low birth weight.
b. Failure to thrive is often an interaction between biologic and
environmental factors.
c. Failure to thrive is usually associated with maternal
deprivation.
d. Usually failure to thrive cases can be divided into those with
identifiable organic and nonorganic causes.
Question 14

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It is important for parents of an infant being cared for in the
neonatal intensive care unit to
Select one:
a. spend time interacting with their infant
b. avoid touching their infant because of the risk of injury
c. visit with their infant only for brief periods of time.
d. only interact with their infant through a protective plastic
barrier
Question 15
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Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the
effects of illegal drugs on prenatal development?
Select one:
a. Illegal drug use can increase the risk of low birth weight
b. Illegal drug use results in developmental disabilities and
birth defects
c. Illicit drug use during pregnancy can increase the risk of
miscarriage.
d. Infants born to addicted mothers can also be addicte
Question 16
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In the psychosexual _____ stage in life are oral, or mouth
orientated, such as sucking, biting, and breastfeeding.
Select one:
a. phallic

b. genital
c. anal
d. oral
Question 17
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All of the following are results of early intervention programs
with families EXCEPT
Select one:
a. reduction in delinquent behavior
b. decrease in sexually transmitted diseases
c. improvement of cognitive development
d. improved social adjustment
Question 18
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Infant mortality rates are highest in states that have
Select one:
a. poor literacy rates
b. poor access to health care
c. higher teen birth rates
d. higher rates of obesity
Question 19
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Infant mental health
Select one:
a. involves therapy
b. has never been studied
c. Focuses on the infant's feeding behaviors

d. refers to the infant's emotional, social and cognitive
functioning
Question 20
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The Apgar test helps determine
Select one:
a. the general condition of the newborn immediately after birth
b. the maturity of the infant's lungs.
c. the expected size of the infant at birth
d. the length of time expected for labor.
Question 21
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Which of the following is a result of high maternal depression
during pregnancy?
Select one:
a. Spontaneous abortion
b. Lower vagal tone
c. Small head circumference
d. Slowed growth
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Question 22
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Which of the following has NOT been associated with an
increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome?
Select one:
a. Placing the infant in the caregiver's bed to sleep

b. Prematurity
c. Exposure to tobacco smoke
d. Placing the infant on his stomach to sleep
Question 23
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In Erickson's theory, the child begins to assert control and
power over their environment by planning activities,
accomplishing tasks and facing challenges in which stage?
Select one:
a. Intimacy vs. Isolation
b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Industry vs. Inferiority
Question 24
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Researchers can determine how babies process information by
measuring how long it takes a baby to stop paying attention to
the same stimulus. This is called
Select one:
a. categorization
b. boredom
c. dishabituation
d. habituation
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Question 25

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Helping the mother identify which of her behaviors has
contributed to the infant's growth and nutrition problem is an
appropriate treatment for failure to thrive.
Select one:
True
False
Question 26
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Depression can interfere with parenting an infant in all of the
following ways EXCEPT
Select one:
a. The depressed parent is less likely to change the infant's
diapers.
b. The depressed parent is less responsive to the infant.
c. The depressed parent is less inclined to play with the infant.
d. The depressed parent makes less eye contact when feeding
the infant.
Question 27
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Piaget's ____ stage is logical reasoning that can only be applied
to objects that are real or can be seen.
Select one:
a. pre-operational
b. formal operations
c. concrete operations

d. sensori-motor stage
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Question 28
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All of the following might place a baby at risk for attachment
failure EXCEPT
Select one:
a. substance abuse by parents
b. maternal depression
c. prematurity
d. high levels of environmental stress
Question 29
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In the psychosexual ____ stage, the child's energy is channeled
into developing new skills and acquiring new knowledge, and
play becomes largely confined to other children of the same
gender.
Select one:
a. anal
b. phallic
c. genital
d. latency
Question 30
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In this Erickson's stage, the child’s peer group will gain greater
significance and will become a major source of the child’s self-
esteem.
Select one:
a. Industry vs. inferiority
b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c. Intimacy vs. isolation
d. Identity vs. role confusion
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Discussion Forum 13
Go to the discussion form and post a response to this scenario
(based on a true story). In order to receive full credit for
participating in the discussion forum you will need to not only
post your response but also respond to one other person's
response.
Mrs. Smith is a 10th grade English teacher in a local area high
school. She also serves as homeroom teacher to 10th grade
students. About four months after September 11th, she is
alarmed when a tenth grade African-American female ( who is a
straight A student) shows up in class with her faced covered in
a black scarf with only her eyes showing. She asks the student
to remove her face covering, but the student replies that she

cannot. The teacher again asks the student, but again the student
replies that she is unable to remove the face covering. At this
point, the teacher is very upset and sends the girl to the
Principal's office. Also at this point, the girl is crying and very
upset. When the Principal asks her to remove the face covering,
the girl just explains that she is not allowed to remove it. The
Principal suspends the girl for a week and calls her parents.
Her parents arrive at the high school very dismayed. They
explain to the Principal that the night before their daughter had
decided to become part of their Muslim faith and adopt the
covering (Please note several other religions have a similar
practice of young people wearing a clothing item to signify they
have decided to adopt the faith of their parents). They explain
to the Principal that this a normal religious practice. The
Principal states that the school should have been informed prior
to her attendance, so they would have been prepared. The
Principal goes on to say that the parents should have let the
school know ahead of time. The family tries to explain that it
just happened and was not a planned event. Despite their
requests for understanding, the Principal does not dismiss the
suspension.
The parents take their daughter from the school and as you
might guess contact a lawyer. By the way, they did not ask for
compensation but just asked that their daughter be allowed to
make up the work.
In the meantime, the press is alerted and the case makes
national news. The family decides to remove their children from
the school and send them to a Muslim school in Dayton. They
cite religious intolerance as their basis.
What are the cultural issues in this scenario? What could have
been done differently? What should have been done differently?
Here is an interesting video clip on a similar incident:
Okla. Muslim Takes Driver's License Photo with Hijab
Rubric for Evaluating/Grading this Discussion Forum:
Requirements
You are a Survivor

Excellent
(3 points)
You Might Survive
Good
(2 points)
You re Struggling to Survive
Needs Improvement
(1 point)
You need a Life Raft
Failed to meet requirements
(0 points)
Followed Directions
Posted by deadline and replied to at least one classmate
Wrote at least five complete sentences without spelling /
grammatical errors in post and reply
Wrote four complete sentences without spelling / grammatical
errors in post and reply
Posted by deadline and did not reply to at least one classmate
AND/OR
Did not write in complete sentences and/or had 1 or 2 spelling /
Did not post by deadline - 0 points
Did not write in complete sentences, and/or had spelling /
Addressed Content
Thoroughly discussed the question and responded to another
classmate by asking a question
Adequately discussed the question and responded to another
Attempted to discuss the question but did not thoroughly
analyze and/or did not ask a question in response to a classmate
Did not attempt to discuss the question
Post and/or reply did not address the question
Cited Materials
Cited academic materials from either the internet, the textbook,

class notes, and/or other classmates
Citation addressed the question
*MLA format is not required as long as you noted a textbook
page or internet site.
Attempted to cite materials from either the internet, the
textbook, class notes, and/or other classmates
Citation was not clear or did not address the question
Cited materials incorrectly or cited inadequate materials from
either the internet, the textbook, class notes, and/or other
classmates
Did not cite materials in the post and reply
Your score out of 9 possible________/9
Note about this rubric:
Unless otherwise noted in the discussion forum, you will need
to first post your response to the question, film clip, and/or
assignment. Your discussion post must include at least 5
sentences and must include a reference/citation to course
materials (the book, websites, or films). Your reference does
not need to be formally cited. For example, you can state that
on p. 32 of our textbook, our author notes…the following. You
do need to at least let the reader know where your information
came from.
After you post, it is your responsibility to reply to at least one
classmate. Your reply also needs to be in 5 sentences but does
not have to include a reference or citation.
Discussion Forum 14
Surprise!! No complicated scenarios.
Of everything you learned in this course, what do you think will

be most useful in your career? Be sure to reply to a classmate.
Of everything you learned in this course, what was the most
interesting?
Thanks for a great course.
Rubric for Evaluating/Grading this Discussion Forum:
Requirements
You are a Survivor
Excellent
(3 points)
You Might Survive
Good
(2 points)
You re Struggling to Survive
Needs Improvement
(1 point)
You need a Life Raft
Failed to meet requirements
(0 points)
Followed Directions
Wrote five complete sentences without spelling / grammatical
Wrote four complete sentences without spelling / grammatical
Posted by deadline and did not reply to at least one classmate
AND/OR
Did not write in complete sentences and/or had 1 or 2 spelling /
Did not post by deadline 0 points
Did not write in complete sentences, and/or had spelling /
Addressed Content
Thoroughly discussed the question and responded to another
Adequately discussed the question and responded to another

Attempted to discuss the question but did not thoroughly
analyze and/or did not ask a question in response to a classmate
Did not attempt to discuss the question
Post and/or reply did not address the question
Cited Materials
Cited academic materials from either the internet, the textbook,
class notes, and/or other classmates
Citation addressed the question
Attempted to cite materials from either the internet, the
textbook, class notes, and/or other classmates
Citation was not clear or did not address the question
Cited materials incorrectly or cited inadequate materials from
either the internet, the textbook, class notes, and/or other
classmates
Did not cite materials in the post and reply
Your score out of 9 possible________/9
Note about this rubric:
Unless otherwise noted in the discussion forum, you will need
to first post your response to the question, film clip, and/or
assignment. Your discussion post must include at least 5
sentences and must include a reference/citation to course
materials (the book, websites, or films). Your reference does
not need to be formally cited. For example, you can state that
on p. 32 of our textbook, our author notes…the following. You
do need to at least let the reader know where your information
came from.
After you post, it is your responsibility to reply to at least one
classmate. Your reply also needs to be in 5 sentences but does
not have to include a reference or citation.

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