This document provides an introduction to the Python programming language. It discusses why Python is useful, highlighting that it is easy to read and learn, has a powerful interactive interpreter, and is scalable and high-level. It also outlines key features like being procedural, object-oriented, and dynamically typed. The document then discusses popular domains where Python is used, like web development, machine learning, and data analysis. It covers execution modes, variables, data types, operators, conditional execution, functions, and building a "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" game in Python.

1. IntroductiontoPython
SCMS School of Engineering & Technology
Vidya Nagar, Karukutty

2. WHY PYTHON ?
• EASY TO READ AND LEARN
• POWERFUL INTERACTIVE INTERPRETER
• SCALABLE, GENERAL PURPOSE
• HIGH LEVEL, MODULAR PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
• PROCEDURAL, OBJECT ORIENTED
• DYNAMICALLY TYPED

3. WHY
PYTHON?
Extensive libraries
Rapid Application Development
Cross Platform
Open Source
Vast user community

4. DOMAINS
WHERE
PYTHONIS
WIDELY
USED
WEB DEVELOPMENT
MACHINE LEARNING
DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION
BUILDING GAMES
ROBOTICS AND IOT

5. EXECUTIONMODES
SUPPORTS TWO MODES
• COMMAND LINE MODE
• SCRIPT MODE

6. COMMANDLINEMODE
% python
Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Feb 11 2010, 00:51:29)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more
information.
>>>
You can type things directly into a running Python session
>>> 2+3*4
14
>>> name = "Andrew"
>>> name
'Andrew'
>>> print "Hello", name
Hello Andrew
>>>

7. VARIABLES
• DON’T NEED DECLARATION
• RULES:
• NAMES ARE CASE SENSITIVE AND CANNOT START WITH A NUMBER.
• THEY CAN CONTAIN LETTERS, NUMBERS, AND UNDERSCORES.
• EG : BOB, BOB, _BOB _2_, BOB_ BOB , _2 BOB
• THERE ARE SOME RESERVED WORDS:
• { AND, ASSERT, BREAK, CLASS, CONTINUE, DEF, DEL, ELIF, ELSE, EXCEPT,
EXEC, FINALLY, FOR, FROM, GLOBAL, IF, IMPORT, IN, IS, LAMBDA, NOT,
OR,PASS, PRINT, RAISE, RETURN, TRY, WHILE}
• EXAMPLES:
• A=5
• B=10
ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR “=”
• C=“HELLO”

8. EXCERCISE#1
1. PRINT “HAI PYTHON”
2. GET TWO NUMBERS A&B
3. FIND SUM
4. FIND DIFFERENCE

9. DATATYPES
• INT
• A=5
• B=10
• FLOAT
• C=6.5
• BOOL
• D=TRUE
• COMPOUND DATA TYPES:
• STRING: ”HELLO”,
• LIST: [1,2,3]
• TUPLE: (1,2)
• DICTIONARIES : {“A”:80}

10. DATA TYPE
TYPE CONVERSION FUNCTIONS:
• INT()
• FLOAT()
• STRING()

11. OPERATORS
• ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
• COMPARISON OPERATORS
• LOGICAL OPERATORS
• ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS
• BITWISE OPERATORS
• CONDITIONAL OPERATORS

12. ARITHMETIC OPERATORS

13. COMPARISON OPERATORS

14. LOGICAL OPERATORS

15. SEQUENC
E TYPES
Strings
Lists
Tuples

16. STRINGS
• Enclosed in single or double quotes
• EG : “HELLO!”, “3.5”,”A”,’A’
• Sequence of Characters
• MYSTRING=“HELLO WORLD!”
MYSTRING[0] -> “H”
MYSTRING[1] -> “E”
MYSTRING[2] -> “L”
MYSTRING[-1] -> “!”

17. STRINGS–STRINGOPERATIONS
• "hello"+"world” "helloworld" # concatenation
• "hello"*3 "hellohellohello" # repetition
• "hello"[0 "h" # indexing
• "hello"[-1] "o" # (from end)
• "hello"[1:4] "ell" # slicing
• len("hello") 5 # size
• "hello" < "jello” 1 #
comparison
• "e" in "hello" 1 # search
• "escapes: n etc, 033 etc, if etc"
• 'single quotes' """triple quotes""" r"raw strings"

18. LISTS
A compound data type:
[0]
[2.3, 4.5]
[5, "Hello", "there", 9.8]
[]
Use len() to get the length of a list
>>> names = [“Ben", “Chen", “Yaqin"]
>>> len(names)
3

19. >>> names[0]
‘Ben'
>>> names[1]
‘Chen'
>>> names[2]
‘Yaqin'
>>> names[3]
Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in
<module> IndexError: list index out of range
>>> names[-1]
‘Yaqin'
>>> names[-2]
‘Chen'
>>> names[-3]
‘Ben'
LIST OPERATIONS

20. LIST OPERATIONS

21. Same operators as for strings
• a+b, a*3, a[0], a[-1], a[1:], len(a)
•Item and slice assignment
• a[0] = 98
• a[1:2] = ["bottles", "of", "beer"]
-> [98, "bottles", "of", "beer", ["on", "the", "wall"]]
• del a[-1] # -> [98, "bottles", "of", "beer"]
LIST OPERATIONS

22. MORELISTOPERATIONS
>>> a = range(5) # [0,1,2,3,4]
>>> a.append(5) # [0,1,2,3,4,5]
>>> a.pop() # [0,1,2,3,4]
5
>>> a.insert(0, 42) # [42,0,1,2,3,4]
>>> a.pop(0) # [0,1,2,3,4]
42
>>> a.reverse() # [4,3,2,1,0]
>>> a.sort() # [0,1,2,3,4]

23. DICTIONARIES
• Hash tables, "associative arrays"
• d = {"duck": "eend", "water": "water"}
• Lookup:
• d["duck"] -> "eend"
• d["back"] # raises KeyError exception
• Delete, insert, overwrite:
• del d["water"] # {"duck": "eend", "back": "rug"}
• d["back"] = "rug" # {"duck": "eend", "back": "rug"}
• d["duck"] = "duik" # {"duck": "duik", "back": "rug"}

24. MOREDICTIONARYOPS
• Keys, values, items:
• d.keys() -> ["duck", "back"]
• d.values() -> ["duik", "rug"]
• d.items() -> [("duck","duik"), ("back","rug")]
• Presence check:
• d.has_key("duck") -> 1; d.has_key("spam") -> 0
• Values of any type; keys almost any
• {"name":"Guido", "age":43, ("hello","world"):1,
42:"yes", "flag": ["red","white","blue"]}

25. DICTIONARYDETAILS
• Keys must be immutable:
• numbers, strings, tuples of immutables
• these cannot be changed after creation
• reason is hashing (fast lookup technique)
• not lists or other dictionaries
• these types of objects can be changed "in place"
• no restrictions on values
• Keys will be listed in arbitrary order
• again, because of hashing

26. SCRIPT MODE
• TAKE A NOTEPAD (IN D DRIVE CREATE A FOLDER)
• TYPE THE PROGRAM
• SAVE IT IN D:YOURFOLDERFILENAME.PY
• THIS CALLED PYTHON SCRIPT (CHECK IN THE FOLDER)
• TO EXECUTE TAKE COMMAND PROMPT
• GO TO PYTHON FOLDER CD C:PYTHON34
• TO RUN TYPE PYTHON FILENAME.PY

27. INPUT /OUTPUT FUNCTIONS
• TO GET THE INPUT FROM USER, PYHTON PROVIDES
• INPUT() – READS THE VALUE AS STRING
• INT(INPUT()) – CONVERTS THE INPUT TO INTEGER
• TO DISPLAY A VALUE , PYHTON PROVIDES
• PRINT() –NOUTPUTS THE VALUE INSIDE PRINT

28. EXCERCISE
1. Program to print address
2. Program to convert degree Celsius to Fahrenheit
3. Program to print Quotient and Remainder
4. Program to find the area of the circle
5. Program to print the sum, product, difference and quotient of 2
numbers.
6. Program to find the distance between two points.

29. CONDITIONAL EXECUTION
• IF
• IF ELSE
• IF ELIF ELSE
• IF WITHIN IF

30. SYNTAX
• if condition:
statements
• if condition:
statements
else:
statements
• if condition:
statements
elif condition:
statements
else:
statements

31. EXCERCISE
1. Program to check whether a number is positive or negative
2. Program to check whether a number is odd or even
3. Program to find largest of two numbers
4. Program to find largest of three numbers
5. Program to check for leap year or not

32. CONTROLSTRUCTURES
• While while condition:
statements
• For for var in sequence:
statements
• Break break
• Continue continue

33. GROUPINGINDENTATION
i=0
while (i < 5):
print i
i++
Print(“end”)
i=0
while (i == 0):
print (“hai”)
i++
Print(“end”)
i=0
while (i == 0):
i++
print (“hai”)
Print(“end”)

34. EXCERCISE
1. Program to print “hello world “ 5 times
2. Program to print “hello world “ N times
3. Program to print natural numbers upto N
4. Program to print even numbers from 200 to 225
5. Program to print odd numbers between an lower and upper range

35. FUNCTIONS,PROCEDURES
def name(arg1, arg2, ...):
"""documentation""" # optional doc string
statements
return # from procedure
return expression # from function

36. EXAMPLEFUNCTION
def gcd(a, b):
"greatest common divisor"
while a != 0:
a, b = b%a, a # parallel assignment
return b
>>> gcd.__doc__
'greatest common divisor'
>>> gcd(12, 20)
4

37. BUILDING “WHO WANTS TO BE A
MILLIONAIRE GAME”
ADD 10 QUESTIONS WITH 4 OPTIONS EACH, IF THE USER ANSWERS
CORRECTLY, HE GETS
• FIRST ANSWER – 10,000 POINTS
• SECOND ANSWER – 25,000 POINTS
• THIRD ANSWER – 50,000 POINTS
• FOURTH ANSWER – 1,00,000 POINTS
• FIFTH ANSWER – 2,00,000 POINTS
• SIXTH ANSWER – 5,00,000 POINTS
• SEVENTH ANSWER – 10,00,000 POINTS
• EIGHTH ANSWER – 25,00,000 POINTS
• NINTH ANSWER – 50,00,000 POINTS
• TENTH ANSWER – 10,000,000 POINTS
IF THE USER ANSWERS WRONGLY, HE GETS 0 POINTS AND THE GAME
ENDS