The document explains basic Python programming concepts, including statements, expressions, and operators. It categorizes operators into arithmetic, relational, assignment, bitwise, logical, and membership operators, providing examples for each. Additionally, it covers how these operators perform operations on variables and values, including comparisons and conditions.

1. STATEMENT,
EXPRESSION AND
OPERATORS

2. • Statement: A statement in Python is an instruction that performs an
action.
• Eg:
• x = 5 # Assignment statement
• print(x) # Print statement
• Expression: An expression is a combination of variables, operators,
and values that produces a result or value.
• y = 10 (statement)
• z = y + 5 # The expression y + 5 evaluates to 15
• print(z) # Output: 15

3. • Operators and Operands
• Operators: Special symbols that perform operations on variables and values.
• Operands:The values or variables on which operators perform operations.
• Types of Operators
• a) Arithmetic Operators
• b) Relational (Comparison) Operators
• c) Assignment Operators
• d) Bitwise Operators
• e) Logical Operators
• f) Membership Operators

4. a) Arithmetic Operators
These are used to perform mathematical operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Eg:
a = 10
b = 3
print(a + b) # Output: 13
print(a % b) # Output: ?
print(a ** b) # Output: ?
print(a // b) # Output: ?

5. b) Relational (Comparison) Operators
These operators compare two values and return a Boolean result (True
or False).
Eg:
a = 5
b = 8
print(a == b) # Output: False
print(a <= b) # Output: True

6. • c) Assignment Operators
• These are used to assign values to variables.
• a = 10
• a += 5 # a becomes ?
• print(a)

7. • d) Bitwise Operators
• These operate at the bit level and are useful in manipulating bits.
a = 10 # binary: 1010
b = 4 # binary: 0100
print(a & b) # Output: 0 (binary: 0101000)
print(a | b) # Output: 14 (binary: 1110)
print(a << 1) # Output: 20 (binary: 10100)

8. e) Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.
They evaluate expressions to determine whether they are true or false.
and: Returns True if both conditions are true.
or: Returns True if at least one condition is true.
not: Returns True if the condition is false (negates the condition).
x = 10
y = 5
if x > 5 and y > 3:
print("Both conditions are true") # Output: Both conditions are true
if x > 5 or y > 10:
print("At least one condition is true") # Output: At least one condition is true
if not(x < 5):
print("Condition is false, so 'not' makes it true")

9. f) Membership Operators
• Membership operators are used to test whether a value or variable exists in a
sequence (such as a string, list, tuple, or dictionary).
• in: Returns True if a value is found in the sequence.
• not in: Returns True if a value is not found in the sequence.
• my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
• # IN Operator
• if 3 in my_list: print("3 is in the list") # Output: 3 is in the list
• # NOT IN Operator
• if 6 not in my_list: print("6 is not in the list") # Output: 6 is not in the list