The document provides a comprehensive introduction to Python, covering its characteristics, advantages, data types, and basic programming concepts. It discusses Python's applications, its object-oriented features, and includes examples of various data types such as lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets. The document aims to serve as a beginner's guide for understanding Python programming fundamentals.

1. PYTHON- BASIC

2. INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON:
• Python is a general-purpose interpreted, interactive, object-oriented, and high-level programming
language.
• Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting language. Python is
designed to be highly readable.
 Python is Interpreted
 Python is Interactive
 Python is Object-Oriented
 Python is a Beginner's Language

3. ADVANTAGES OF PYTHON
As mentioned before, Python is one of the most widely used language over the web. I'm going to list
few of them here:
 Easy-to-learn
 Easy-to-read
 Easy-to-maintain
 A broad standard library
 Portable

4. APPLICATIONS OF PYTHON

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF PYTHON
Following are important characteristics of Python Programming −
 It supports functional and structured programming methods as well as OOP.
 It can be used as a scripting language or can be compiled to byte-code for
building large applications.
 It provides very high-level dynamic data types and supports dynamic type
checking.
 It supports automatic garbage collection.
 It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM, ActiveX, CORBA, and Java.

6. EXAMPLES:
Program 1:
• Print(“"Hello, Python!")
Program 2:
# This program adds two numbers
num1 = 1.5
num2 = 6.3
# Add two numbers
sum = num1 + num2
# Display the sum
print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))

7. PYTHON DATA TYPES
• Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do different things.
Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:

8. Text Type: str
Numeric
Types:
int, float, complex
Sequence
Types:
list, tuple, range
Mapping
Type:
dict
Set Types: set, frozenset
Boolean Type: bool
Binary Types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview

9. Getting the Data Type
x = 5
print(type(x))
Setting the Data Type
x = "Hello World"
#display x:
print(x)
#display the data type of x:
print(type(x))

10. NUMBERS
• Int :
Example:
x = 1
y =35656222554887711
z = -3255522
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))
• Float
Example:
x = 1.10
y = 1.0
z = -35.59
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))
• Complex
Example:
x = 3+5j
y = 5j
z = -5j
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

11. STRINGS
Single Line:
a = "Hello"
print(a)
Multiline Strings:
a = """Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit,
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua."""
print(a)

12. • Slicing:
b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[2:5])
• Upper Case:
a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.upper())
• Lower Case:
a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.lower())

13. • String Concatenation:
a = "Hello"
b = "World"
c = a + b
print(c)
• String Replace:
a = "Hello"
a.replace(“H”,”K”)
• Remove Whitespace:
a = " Hello, World! "
print(a.strip())

14. PYTHON LISTS
• Lists are the most versatile of Python's compound data types. A list contains items separated by commas and
enclosed within square brackets ([]). To some extent, lists are similar to arrays in C. One difference between them
is that all the items belonging to a list can be of different data type.
• list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ]
• tinylist = [123, 'john']
• print list # Prints complete list
• print list[0] # Prints first element of the list
• print list[1:3] # Prints elements starting from 2nd till 3rd
• print list[2:] # Prints elements starting from 3rd element
• print tinylist * 2 # Prints list two times
• print list + tinylist # Prints concatenated lists

15. Add List Items:
Append Items:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.append("orange")
print(thislist)
Insert Items:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.insert(1, "orange")
print(thislist)
Extend List:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
tropical = ["mango", "pineapple", "papaya"]
thislist.extend(tropical)
print(thislist)

16. Python - Remove List Items
Remove Specified Item:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.remove("banana")
print(thislist)
Remove Specified Index:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.pop(1)
print(thislist)
Del:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
del thislist[0]
print(thislist)
Clear the List:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.clear()
print(thislist)

17. Sort List Alphanumerically:
thislist = ["orange", "mango", "kiwi", "pineapple", "banana"]
thislist.sort()
print(thislist)
Sort Descending:
thislist = ["orange", "mango", "kiwi", "pineapple", "banana"]
thislist.sort(reverse = True)
print(thislist)
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
Copy a List:
mylist = thislist.copy()
print(mylist)

18. PYTHON TUPLES
• A tuple is another sequence data type that is similar to the list. A tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas. Unlike lists, however,
tuples are enclosed within parentheses.
• The main differences between lists and tuples are: Lists are enclosed in brackets ( [ ] ) and their elements and size can be changed, while tuples are
enclosed in parentheses ( ( ) ) and cannot be updated. Tuples can be thought of as read-only lists. For example
• tuple = ( 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 )
• tinytuple = (123, 'john')
• print tuple # Prints the complete tuple
• print tuple[0] # Prints first element of the tuple
• print tuple[1:3] # Prints elements of the tuple starting from 2nd till 3rd
• print tuple[2:] # Prints elements of the tuple starting from 3rd element
• print tinytuple * 2 # Prints the contents of the tuple twice
• print tuple + tinytuple # Prints concatenated tuples

19. Access Tuple Items:
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(thistuple[1])
Negative Indexing:
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(thistuple[-1])
Change Tuple Values:
x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
x[1]=“Kiwi”
print(x)
Del:
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
del thistuple
print(thistuple)

20. PYTHON DICTIONARIES
• Python's dictionaries are kind of hash table type. They work like associative arrays or hashes found in Perl and consist of key-value pairs. A
dictionary key can be almost any Python type, but are usually numbers or strings. Values, on the other hand, can be any arbitrary Python object.
• Dictionaries are enclosed by curly braces ({ }) and values can be assigned and accessed using square braces ([]). For example −#!/usr/bin/python
• dict = {}
• dict['one'] = "This is one"
• dict[2] = "This is two"
• tinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6734, 'dept': 'sales’}
• print dict['one'] # Prints value for 'one' key
• print dict[2] # Prints value for 2 key
• print tinydict # Prints complete dictionary
• print tinydict.keys() # Prints all the keys
• print tinydict.values() # Prints all the values

21. Accessing Items:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = thisdict["model"]
Change Values:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict["year"] = 2018

22. Update Dictionary:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict.update({"year": 2020})
Adding Items:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict["color"] = "red"
print(thisdict)

23. Removing Items
• POP:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict.pop("model")
print(thisdict)
• Del
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
del thisdict
print(thisdict) #this will cause an error because "thisdict" no longer exists.
• Clear
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict.clear()
print(thisdict)

24. DATA TYPE (SPECIAL ):
• Sets are used to store multiple items in a single variable.
• Set is one of 4 built-in data types in Python used to store collections of data, the other 3 are List, Tuple,
and Dictionary, all with different qualities and usage.
• A set is a collection which is both unordered and unindexed.
• Sets are written with curly brackets.
Create a Set:
• thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print(thisset)

25. Add Items:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.add("orange")
print(thisset)
Remove Item:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.remove("banana")
print(thisset)
Discard Item:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.discard("banana")
print(thisset)

26. Clear:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.clear()
print(thisset)
Del:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
del thisset
print(thisset)
Pop:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
x = thisset.pop()
print(x)
print(thisset)