Publisher Prentice Hall PSY560 Clinical Psychology Te.docx

Publisher:
Prentice Hall
PSY560
Clinical Psychology
Text: Introduction to Clinical Psychology
7th Edition
ISBN-1 0: 0131729675
Authors:
Geoffrey P. Kramer, Douglas A. Bernstein, Vicky Phares
shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;4;(214
97,0);(0,0);(0,21493);(21497,21493)posrelh0posrelv0pib
PSY 560 Clinical Psychology
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed
answer sheet)
1. Most clinical assessment instruments fall into which three
categories?
a. observations, self-report measures, therapy
b. tests, interventions, therapy
c. interviews, tests, observations
d. interventions, on-line questionnaires, phone interviews
2. What is the single most frequent activity of clinical
psychologists today?
a. conducting therapy
b. supervising interns
c. teaching
d. research
3. Which of the following is NOT a reason that most clinical
psychology programs
emphasize statistics and research courses and activities?
a. Clinical psychologists often supervise and evaluate
research projects.

b. It is essential that psychologists know how to critically
evaluate published
research.
c. A clinical psychologist can't be licensed without their own
published research.
d. It is important that clinicians are aware of current research
and trends.
4. Clinical practica are specialized educational opportunities
where
a. students observe their supervisor conducting therapy and
discuss the tech-
niques.
b. students consult with other agencies to broaden their
perspectives.
c. students see clients and then meet with a supervisor on a
regular basis.
d. students attend seminars and construct tests.
5. According to the text, two types of consultation in which it
is common for
clinical psychologists to participate are
a. private and group.
b. case and program/administration.
c. preventative and remedial.
d. paid and unpaid.
38
6. Interest in understanding the importance of diversity and
cultural variations is
related to the understanding that
a. the willingness to seek treatment can vary by culture and
ethnic background.
b. there are some cultural variations in symptom patterns.
c. there can be differing responses to treatments and
interventions related to

cultural and ethnic differences.
d. all ofthe above
7. According to the National Comorbidity Survey, the three
most common types
of psychological disorders are
a. anxiety disorders, impulse-control disorders and substance
abuse disorders.
b. depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse
disorders.
c. depression, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders.
d. substance-abuse disorders, relationship problems,
depression.
8. A major sociocultural event that created an acute need for
psychological test-
ing in the United States was
a. the establishment of psychology departments in major
universities.
b. new requirement for public school education for all
children.
c. the involvement of the country in WWI.
d. he establishment of the National Institute for Mental
Health (NIMH).
9. A major development in 1946 that supported clinical
psychology as an ap-
plied field that offered psychotherapy was
a. the VA's launching of a program to support training in
mental health disci-
plines.
b. the proliferation of child guidance clinics.
c. the development of psychoanalytic institutes.
d. the advent of professional organizations.
10. Which of the following is NOT a major feature of the
psychodynamic approach
to psychotherapy?
a. Human behavior is derived from an internal struggle
between meeting libidinal

needs and being socially appropriate.
b. Sexual abuse of children is widespread and responsible for
many symptoms in
adults.
c. The ld, Ego, and Superego are major mental agencies that
affect personality
development.
d. Defense mechanisms operate at an unconscious level to
keep conflicts from
reaching consciousness.
39
PSY 560 Clinical Psyc
40
11. Clinical treatment in the psychodynamic tradition would
include:
a. uncovering intrapsychic activity to alleviate behavior
problems.
b. using free association to unearth sources of symptoms.
c. developing insight through interpretations.
d. all of the above
12. The philosophical position which states that behavior is
determined by the
perception of experience rather than the experience directly is
a. psychoanalytic.
b. phenomenology.
c. self-actualization.
d. Gestalt psychology.
13. Carl Rogers developed a humanistic therapy he termed
a. experimental.
b. client-centered.
c. Gestalt.
d. group therapy.
14. While many clinicians believe that developing more

descriptive assessments
would be of benefit in both research and clinical settings, this is
unlikely to
happen because
a. the benefit of an efficient shorthand for communicating
about disorders out-
weighs all other considerations.
b. it would never be reliable and valid.
c. they are time consuming and therefore expensive.
d. the different theoretical approaches will probably never be
able to agree on
the descriptions.
15. Which of the following statement accurately reflects the
role of assessment in
treatment planning?
a. Since diagnoses based on thorough assessments tend to be
very distinct, it
has been possible to define specific treatments for those
diagnoses.
b. Psychodiagnostic assessment fits very neatly into the
medical model.
c. Assessment can not only assist in the development of a
treatment plan, but
can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment as
well. institutes.
d. In real, every day practice, assessment has little
relationship to treatment
planning.
16. Forensic evaluations often are focused on questions related
to
a. the prediction of dangerousness.
b. the likelihood of relapse.

c. understanding recidivism rates.
d. understanding the individual's ability to form lasting
relationships after
incarceration.
17. The main reason that it is so difficult to predict
dangerousness is that
a. no relevant, valid measures exist to measure this behavior.
b. most clinicians refuse to work with clients who have been
assaultive in the
past, so little data is available to use in making such
predictions.
c. dangerousness is often comorbid with drug and alcohol
abuse which renders
our instruments much less reliable.
d. the base rate for such behaviors is very low for most
groups of people.
18. Which of the following is an example of a true negative
outcome?
a. Mary's pregnancy test came back negative, but she is
actually pregnant.
b. Joe's car was clocked speeding by a radar gun while he was
going faster that
the posted speed limit.
c. Anna failed an exam because she hadn't learned the
information it covered.
d. Tony's strep test came back negative, but he didn't recover
without antibiotic
treatment.
19. Research indicates that clinical intuition is
a. a result of highly developed specialized memory
capacities.
b. based on excellent information-processing abilities.
c. often based on the same cognitive habits and biases
common to other hu-
mans.
d. more accurate when based on larger amounts of

information.
20. Among the sources of errors that can occur in the interview
are
a. the clinician being much more intelligent than the client.
b. malingering and impression management.
c. client biases about the interview process.
d. all of the above
41
21. In order to improve informal observation methods,
clinicians should
a. lengthen the first interview session to facilitate the sharing
of anecdotal
information.
b. consult with other clinicians about information obtained
during early inter-
views.
c. observe overt behaviors and place greater emphasis on
them during the inter-
view.
d. focus on establishing a diagnosis as quickly as possible.
22. Why is it important to attempt to improve an observation's
ecological validity?
a. Greater ecological validity can help clinicians design
treatment programs that
can be more easily implemented in home, school or work
environments.
b. It is important that clinicians be aware of everyone's
carbon footprint.
c. The greater the ecological validity, the more sophisticated
the diagnosis.
d. All of the above
23. When a researcher or clinician obtains information

contained in records such
as medical reports or school transcripts, she
a. is risking violating the privacy of the subject or client.
b. is likely to be including non-essential information that
might cloud clinical
judgment.
c. does not need to worry about confidentiality issues.
d. is using nonreactive or unobtrusive measurements.
24. Self-monitoring
a. requires the client to record various events and behaviors
occurring in their
daily life.
b. is often used by behaviorally-oriented clinicians to
establish base-rates of
behavior.
c. may not provide accurate information about addictive
behavior.
d. all of the above
25. Another term for controlled observations is
a. analog behavior observations.
b. situation tests ..
c. contrived observations.
d. all of the above are synonymous with controlled
observations
42
Written Assignment for Unit One
• Include your name, student number, course number, course
title and unit number on each page
of your written assignment (this is for your protection in case
your materials become separated).
• Begin each written assignment by identifying the question
number you are answering followed by
the actual question itself (in bold type).
• Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions

(i.e. an introduction, middle
paragraphs and conclusion).
• Responses must be submitted as a MS Word Document
only, typed double-spaced, using a
standard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.
Word count is NOT one of the criteria that is used in assigning
points to written assignments. However,
students who are successful in earning the maximum number of
points tend to submit written assignments
that fall in the following ranges:
Undergraduate courses: 350 - 500 words or 1 - 2 pages.
Graduate courses: 500 - 750 words or 2 - 3 pages.
Doctoral courses: 750 - 1000 words or 4 - 5 pages.
Plagiarism
All work must be free of any form of plagiarism. Put written
answers into your own words. Do not simply cut
and paste your answers from the Internet and do not copy your
answers from the textbook. Be sure to refer to
the course Syllabus for more details on plagiarism and proper
citation styles.
Please answer ONE of the following:
1. Describe the differences between the Boulder model and the
Vail model of clinical training.
2. What conclusions have been reached about the efficacy of
statistical or actuarial predictions as
they relate to clinical prediction?
3. Discuss observational assessment and the various techniques
used to assess the client.
43
answer sheet)
1. Having good consistency, reliability, validity, clinical

utility and test norms be-
ing based on large representative samples could be considered
a. quality indicators of psychological tests.
b. noble goals that are rarely realized in test development.
c. qualities only found in the measures developed just
following WWII.
d. particularly descriptive of projective measures.
2. The Triarchic theory of intelligence
a. was developed by Howard Gardner.
b. argues that there are three kinds of intelligence, analytical,
creative and prac-
tical.
c. is measured by the STAT which has been well researched
to establish it's
validity and reliability.
d. all of the above.
3. Which statistical method is used to determine which
specific abilities or traits
cluster together?
a. cluster analysis
b. correlational analysis
c. ipsative analysis
d. factor analysis
4. The current revision of the Stanford Binet (SB5)
a. is not considered reliable.
b. is no longer used to diagnose gifted, learning-disordered or
intellectually-
impaired children.
c. is build around a heirarchical model of intelligence.
d. postulates eight different intelligences or frames of mind.
5. The most popular intelligence test in the United States is the
a. SB5.
b. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children.
c. WAISIII
d. STAT
82

6. Kaufman describes intelligence as both
a. verbal and visual motor abilities.
b. intuitive and objective understanding.
c. higher order and basic functions.
d. the ability to solve problems and "crystallized"
intelligence.
7. In what ways are values different from attitudes and
interests?
a. They are fewer in number and more central to a person's
belief system.
b. They have a much more clearly pronounced effect on a
person's behavior.
c. They are much more directly related to intelligence.
d. Research indicates that values aren't different from
attitudes and interests.
8. Which of the following individuals is likely to be a more
effective therapist?
a. Sam, who is trained in all the most current evidence-based
treatments.
b. Susan, who is very self-controlled but conveys sympathy
to her clients.
c. Mary, who is very self-controlled and rarely expresses
emotions directly to her
clients.
d. Andrew, who at times expresses his emotions very
assertively.
9. One area that graduate programs may not address fully,
according to many
therapists, is
a. how to choose the correct assessment protocols.
b. how to conduct initial sessions to develop therapeutic
alliances.

c. how to manage their own emotions and use them
therapeutically.
d. knowing when to terminate treatment.
10. Which of the following is an example of a competency-
related difficulty that a
clinician might experience?
a. A woman who has been seen regularly for outpatient
treatment seeks help for
her adolescent son who has just been arrested for underage
drinking.
b. A clinician can't seem to like one of his clients, and has
begun to dread his
scheduled sessions.
c. A clinician who works in a hospice setting struggles with
feelings of deep sad-
ness.
d. All of the above
83
84
11. Which of the following dimensions are especially
important to the therapeutic
relationships?
a. The emotional bonds that develop between the therapist
and client.
b. The shared understanding of the task at hand.
c. Neither a nor b.
d. Both a and b.
12. The theorist and therapist who deserves the most credit for
our understanding
of the importance of the therapeutic alliance was
a. Sigmund Freud.

b. Carl Rogers.
c. Fritz Perls.
d. Erik Erikson.
13. Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to
the establishment
of a flourishing therapeutic alliance?
a. the client and clinician sharing many personal similarities
b. a high amount of investment in the therapeutic effort by
both parties
c. both parties being on the same wavelength
d. both parties caring for the well-being of one another
14. A similarity between Kohut's self-psychology practitioners
and the object rela-
tions therapists is that they both
a. remain relatively passive in the therapeutic relationship.
b. attempt to provide remedial nurturing and attachment
experiences.
c. view therapy as a short-term endeavor.
d. all of the above
15. Relational Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
a. stresses the importance of early relationships.
b. borrows heavily from both psychoanalysis, ego-analysis,
person-centered and
humanistic approaches.
c. has achieved popularity in the United States in the past
decade.
d. all of the above
PSY 560 Clinical
85

16. Which of the following approaches stress pragmatic goals,
establishing a
therapeutic alliance as quickly as possible, and focusing on a
current crisis or
problem?
a. Relational Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
b. Object Relations Psychotherapy
c. Ego Psychoanalytic Therapy
d. Short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
17. Which of the following is true about psychodynamic
psychotherapy?
a. It is practiced by only 2 of clinicians.
b. Its foundations have been largely challenged and
discredited.
c. It has failed to evolve to keep up with the demands of
modern clinical prac-
tice.
d. It is among the top three most popular approaches to
therapy.
18. Humanistic approaches to psychotherapy emphasize
-'
while psychodynamic therapies emphasize ,
a. conscious awareness; unconscious conflict
b. man's inherent goodness; man's tendency towards evil
c. childhood experiences; adult trauma
d. all of the above
19. Which of the following statements would NOT be
supported by a humanistic
therapist?
a. Humans are naturally good and able to make choices about
their lives.
b. Humans are creative and will guide their own behavior
towards their full po-
tential.
c. The therapeutic relationship is not very important because
growth towards

potential is inevitable.
d. Clients are equal partners in the therapeutic endeavor.
20. Cognitions may include all but which of the following?
a. beliefs, causal explanations
b. schemas and self-statements
c. free-floating anxiety
d. problem-solving strategies
21. Organized knowledge structures that influence how we
process information
are called
a. cognitions.
b. schemas.
c. constellations of belief.
d. attributions.
22. What a psychodynamic therapist might call -' a
cognitive
therapist would call _
a. unconscious material; automatic thoughts
b. repressed ideation; unconscious material
c. defensiveness; repressed urges
d. cognitions; schemas
23. Which of the following would NOT support the cognitive
specificity hypoth-
esis?
a. Persons who share certain disorders seem inclined to
employ similar cognitive
distortions.
b. Persons with depression often have a negative attributional
style.
c. Persons prone to depression often interpret negative events
as occurring be-
cause of internal, global and stable factors.

d. normal and abnormal behavior is triggered by cognitive
interpretation of
events rather than by the events themselves.
24. According to Aaron Beck, depressed individuals show a
characteristic pattern
of negative perceptions about themselves, their world, and their
future. He
called this
a. a maladaptive schema.
b. the cognitive triad.
c. an underdeveloped ego.
25. Albert Ellis developed an influential pioneering cognitive
therapy called
a. systematic desensitization.
b. rational-emotive behavior therapy.
c. symptom substitution.
d. cognitive-behavioral therapy.
86
Written Assignment for UnitTwo

Plagiarism
citation styles.
1. What are some reasons that projective personality tests are
still used, even though their
psychometric properties are fairly poor?
2. Identify the three conditions Carl Roger's considered
essential to developing a therapeutic
alliance. Discuss the relationship he posited between the
therapeutic alliance and treatment.
3. What are some reasons why therapists might gravitate
away from strict psychoanalytic
approaches toward object relations or ego-analytic approaches?
87
answer sheet)
1. Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of community
psychology?
a. help individuals adapt to and cope with their environment
b. to understand the broader causes of behavior problems

c. carry out primary prevention at the community level
d. all of the above are goals of community psychology
2. In community psychology, an ecological perspective refers to
a. understanding that alleviating individual problems requires
changes in envi-
ronmental settings.
b. utilizing individual competencies to effect changes.
c. both a and b in conjunction.
d. neither a nor b.
3. The more current terminology for what in the past was
referred to as "second-
ary prevention" is
a. indicated prevention intervention.
b. universal mental health prevention.
c. selective mental health prevention.
d. psychotherapy.
4. The goal of prevention
a. has been fully integrated into the field of clinical
psychology.
b. is no longer a goal of clinical psychology.
c. has been negated by the development of the field of
positive psychology.
d. has been realized except in the field of pediatrics and
health psychology.
5. The self-help movement
a. has flourished online, and as bibliotherapy
b. has been described as a "massive, systemic, and yet largely
silent revolution:'
c. had its roots in such programs as Alcoholics Anonymous.
d. all of the above
6. clinicians recommend quality self-help materials to
their clients as a supplement to therapy.
a. A few
b. Rarely do
c. An overwhelming majority of
d. All

126
7. Clinicians and bookstore owners would be well advised to
note that
a. all self-help books are likely to be helpful, if the purchaser
believes they will
be helpful (an indicator of the placebo effect.)
b. it is important to keep up with the recommendations of
personalities such
as Oprah and Dr. Phil, as these are the books that will best
serve the clients or
purchasers.
c. many self-help books are not written by experts, may
contradict one another,
and may not provide solid, helpful information.
d. if a book has been published by a major publishing house,
it will be guaran-
teed to be helpful.
8. The theorist who argued that the spontaneous remission
rate for individuals
who did not receive therapy was higher than the remission rates
for those who
did was
a. Carl Rogers.
b. Sigmund Freud.
c. Martin Seligman.
d. Hans Eysenck.
9. More recent research on general therapy outcomes that
used methods other
than Box Score Reviews indicates
a. clients who receive psychotherapy actually fare no better
than those who do
not.

b. individuals who receive psychotherapy fare as well as
those who do not.
e. most forms of psychotherapy produce better outcomes than no
treatment.
d. specific types of therapy produced very different
effectiveness levels with dif-
ferent clients.
10. .studies combine and compare the results of many
studies.
a. Combined groups
b. Box Scores
c. Meta-analytic
d. Factor-analytic
11. The Consumer Reports study of client satisfaction indicated
that
a. most clients are satisfied with the therapy they received,
but only if it was
behaviorally oriented.
b. most clients are satisfied with the therapy they received,
but only if it was
insight-oriented.
c. most clients are satisfied with the therapy they received,
no matter what type
of therapy it was.
d. most clients are unsatisfied with the therapy they received.
127
12. One significant criticism of the Task force on Promotion
and Dissemination of
Psychological Procedures is that
a. the study was not comprehensive enough.
b. it used the terms empirically validated and empirically
supported inter-

changeably.
c. treatments determined to be efficacious in controlled
settings, may not be ef-
fective in clinical settings.
d. all of the above
13. Which of the following accounts for the least amount of
variance in most
psychotherapy-outcome research?
a. specific treatment techniques
b. client factors
c. therapist factors
d. all of the above account for equal amounts of variance
14. An assessment procedure where children are asked "Who
do you like?" and
"Who don't you like?" is called
a. a peer rating form.
b. a behavioral assessment.
c. peer sociometrics.
d. none of the above, this is never done because of concerns
about confidential-
ity.
15. The only consistent developmental data included in the
DSM-IV diagnostic
criteria are
a. clinically derived systems.
b. age of onset and course of the disorder.
c. comorbidityestimates.
d. using a special axis for child disorders.
16. (omorbidity
a. is the co-occurrence of two or more disorders.
b. often happens in adult populations.
c. tends to be the rule rather than the exception in child
clinical populations.
d. all of the above
128

17. When a child is exhibits acting-out behavior such as
aggression and delin-
quency these behaviors are considered:
a. comorbid behaviors.
b. internalizing behaviors.
c. externalizing behaviors.
d. resilient behaviors.
18. When a child experiences depression, anxiety, somatic
problems and other
significant discomfort, these are indications of
a. comorbid behaviors.
b. internalizing behaviors.
c. externalizing behaviors.
d. resilient behaviors.
19. The core features of ADHD include
a. inattention.
b. impulsivity.
c. overactivity.
d. all of the above
20. The fact that demographic variables are related to risk for
cardiovascular dis-
ease (CVD) indicates that
a. poverty causes CVD.
b. lower socioeconomic status is often associated with heal-
damaging behaviors.
c. CVD leads to lower incomes and a decline in living
standards.
21. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a person
who is considered
to have a Type A personality?
a. competitiveness.
b. heightened pace of living, impatience.

c. problem-focused coping style.
d. preoccupation with themselves.
22. Research has demonstrated that the most health-risky
aspect of the Type A
personality is
a. hostility.
b. fast pace of life.
c. impatience.
d. pressured speech.
129
23. A major contribution health psychologists have made to
working with individu-
als with HIV/AIDS is
a. developing psychological treatments to cure the disease.
b. improving the mental health of those who have contracted
the virus.
c. understanding the role spirituality has in facilitating
compliance with treat-
ment.
d. focusing attention on the fact that most cases can be
prevented byencourag-
ing the avoidance of risky behavior patterns.
24. Individuals who are at risk for developing CHD or
hypertension
a. can benefit from prevention programs aimed at reducing
health-damaging
behaviors.
b. will undoubtedly get one of the diseases, so prevention is
not likely to be ef-
fective.
c. will not be likely to benefit form workplace programs
designed to encourage

health habits.
25. Which of the following is NOT a focus of pain research
and treatment for
health psychologists?
a. helping patients perceive less pain
b. reduce the psychological distress associated with pain
c. developing medications to eliminate chronic pain
d. developing strategies for living more effectively with
chronic pain
130
Written Assignment for Unit Three
Plagiarism

citation styles.
1. Discuss the two ways in which mindfulness is usually
taught. Is one way preferable in
psychotherapy? Why or why not?
2. Discuss what a Box Score Review entails, and what other
methods are now used to evaluate
the results of multiple research studies.
3. Outline the goals a clinician might have when conducting
clinical interviews with a child and
his or her parents.
131
answer sheet)
1. One of the major functions of the temporal lobes is
a. processing auditory information.
b. processing bodily sensations.
e. processing olfactory stimuli.
d. all of the above
2. An individual diagnosed with a temporal lobe personality
might
a. forget to care for half of his or her body.
b. avoid writing notes during lectures or discussions.
e. express that he or she has special powers and sees
emotional significance in
many things.
d. be particularly boring.

3. Executive Functions
a. include planning/ organizing and anticipating future
events.
b. require the integration of many areas of the brain.
e. are largely mediated by the frontal lobes of the brain.
d. all of the above
4. As illustrated by the famous case of Phineas P. Gage/ the
frontal lobes of the
brain
a. are essential for speech production.
b. are of only limited importance/ and damage to them causes
only limited im-
pairment.
e. are the location of intelligence.
d. are profoundly implicated in social and emotional
functioning.
5. An assessment of premorbid functioning is important because
a. it enables the establishment of goals for rehabilitation.
b. it allows the placement of current functioning in a
historical context.
e. it is important to know how much of the brain has been
injured.
d. all of the above
6. As stated in your text among the benefits of using a
predetermined standard-
ized battery oftests for psychoneurological assessment is
a. insurance companies will pay clinicians top dollar to
administer them.
b. paraprofessionals can be used to administer the tests.
169
e. they are never revised, to make sure the data is consistent
d. none of the above

7. Which of the following is NOT a strength of the Halsltead-
Reitan battery?
a. it is good at discriminating brain damaged individuals
from healthy individu-
als
b. it adequately detects the lateralization and localization of
brain damage
e. it is widely used and there is a great deal of empirical
documentation of the
measures.
d. it discriminates well between brain-damaged individuals
and those with
schizophrenia.
8. One of the major challenges in assessing a defendant's sanity
is
a. making determinations about a mental condition that
existed at an earlier
point in time.
b. finding empirically-validated measures to use.
e. getting access to records to review.
d. all of the above
9. Malingering refers to
a. lying to create a viable defense.
b. making up a story to make another person seem quilty of
the offense.
e. trying to appear more impaired and mentally ill so as to avoid
prosecution.
d. attempting to establish an alibi that is impossible to confirm
or disconfirm.
10. Which of the following behaviors would constitute a "tort:'
a. malpractice
b. libel and slander
e. negligent behavior causing harm to another
d. all of the above
11. Which of the following is not considered an essential
ability for competent

decision making?
a. understanding the basic information relevant to the
decision
b. being of at least average intelligence
e. to anticipate the consequences of various decisions
d. to be able to communicate a personal decision or choice
170
PSY 560 Clinical
171
12. A formalized indication of a desire to not receive life-
sustaining medical treat-
ment if one becomes incapacitated is called
a. a living will.
b. advance medical directives.
c. civil competency.
d. all of the above
13. occurs when a psychologist attempts to evaluate the
psychological state of an individual after than individual is
deceased.
a. A postmortem evaluation
b. A psychological profile
c. A psychological autopsy
d. An advance medical directive
14. According to the text, which of the following legal
situations do many mental
health professionals consider the most ethically challenging and
clinically
difficult?
a. psychological autopsies

b. advance medical directives
c. child custody and parental fitness evaluations
d. competency hearings
15. Which of the following is NOT covered by the Ethics Code?
a. privacy and confidentiality
b. advertising
c. fee structures
d. office design standards
16. When psychologists behave in an unethical manner, they
are subject to cen-
sure by
a. local organizations.
b. state organizations.
c. national organizations.
d. all of the above
17. Which of the following is probably NOT a good source for
consultation about
ethical concerns for professional clinicians?
a. professional journals and books
b. colleagues
e. Wikipedia
d. malpractice insurance companies
18. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA)
a. protects the confidentiality of information about clients.
b. is not relevant to psychologists unless they are practicing
in a medical set-
ting.
e. applies to all practitioners, even if they don't bill insurance
companies.
d. regulations are already addressed by the Ethics Code and
therefore don't
require any additional attention by psychologists.

19. In many states the Tarasoff ruling has had the effect of
a. requiring clinicians to violate confidentiality in certain
circumstances.
b. imposing a "duty to warn" on clinicians.
e. raising questions about a "duty to warnwhen working with
individuals with
HIV/AIDS.
d. all of the above
20. The most common complaint in malpractice suits involve
a. financial misrepresentation or fraud.
b. licensure problems.
e. failure to prevent a client's suicide.
d. inappropriate sexual behavior.
21. All university-based clinical psychology programs
a. utilize a scientist-practitioner model.
b. have essentially the same emphasis.
e. provide training in research as well as clinical skills.
d. all of the above
22. Clinical researchers
a. can find careers in a variety of mental health settings.
b. often offer supervision and training of clinical work.
c. can shift between clinical work and research if they keep
up their clinical
credentials.
d. all of the above
172
23. Free-standing professional schools of psychology that offer
the PsyD degree
a. place less emphasis on research training than university-
based programs.
b. tend to be less expensive than university-based programs.
c. have higher admissions standards than university based

programs.
d. often have quite small class sizes to facilitate clinical
training.
24. Which program offers financial help to research-oriented
clinical students?
a. National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Program
b. National Institute of Mental Health Loan Forgiveness
Program
c. National Health Service Corps
d. all of the above
25. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a
characteristic of gradu-
ate training in clinical psychology that applicants should take
into account?
a. Once admitted, the workload is similar to that of
undergraduate school.
b. Often two moves will be necessary, one to attend school
and another to com-
plete an internship.
c. Since programs have different areas of focus, careful
examination of programs
is important.
d. While some financial assistance is available, students often
live at the poverty
level for several years.
173
Written Assignment for Unit Four
• Include your name. student number. course number. course

(i.e. an introduction. middle
only, typed double-spaced. using a
Plagiarism
answers into your own words.Do not simply cut
citation styles.
1. Describe the types of behavior that might be manifested by
an individual with severe frontal
damage.
2. What are some of the problems with psychological
autopsies. Should psychologists concern
themselves with these issues? Why or why not?
3. Discuss the major differences between PhD and PsyD training
programs.
174

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