This document summarizes key concepts from social psychology. It discusses six group members and defines five social psychology concepts:
1. Classical conditioning - When two stimuli are paired together, they may come to elicit the same response. An example given is a phone ring becoming associated with a friend asking to go out.
2. False consensus effect - The tendency for individuals to overestimate how much others share their own beliefs and behaviors. An example of thinking all friends believe driving sports cars is cool.
3. Optimistic bias - Believing negative events are less likely to happen to oneself. An example of thinking one won't get fined for illegal parking but others will.
4. Downward social comparison -
All rights go to European Azerbaijan School
This presentation was submitted to IB and please use it only as a reference
TOK Presentation Script
Done by: David Dementyev
Slide 1: Title of the presentation
Negative External pressure on Our Behaviour
My presentation is about negative external pressure on a person behavior and how it affects them.
Slide 2: Let me first start by introducing my real-life situation.
My real-life situation is about a kid named James Rodemeyer. James was a teenage boy who was openly gay. James didn't want other different sexually-oriented people to be let down by negative influence. So he started activism and YouTube videos to help victims of homophobic bullying. But in the end, James was bullied so much in real life and on the internet that he decided to take his own life. Bullies' “pleasure” took the life of the 14-year-old James.
Slide 3:
After analyzing my real-life situation I have came up with two questions that were raised from this RLS. These questions are:
Q : To what extent does a negative social environment influence an individual's behavior?
Q: To what extent do past negative experiences affect a person in their present life?
Slide 4: Here is my knowledge question which is the best suiting one to this RLS.
To what extent does a negative external pressure has an effect on a person’s behavior?
Slide 5: What's my reason for picking this specific knowledge question?
Because by picking “negative external pressure” I can analyze this from many different perspectives, I can analyze my main point the “negative” pressure but at the same time, I can relate to another type of pressures. Also, why did I choose this RLS?
Because I believe this is a severe problem worldwide, as many teenagers end up taking their own lives due to the negative social environment/ negative social pressure. I also have friends who have gone through this.
Slides 6: These are the Ways of Knowing that I have decided to go with;
Emotion:
Language:
Faith:
Slide 7: Language
In this slide, I will be talking about my claims and counterclaims on Language, which is supported by various examples and perspectives.
My first claim is: The language used by strong force is sometimes so compelling that it tends to fall for the yielding force.
As an example, I will be using Servern Suzuki's famous speech. Which she talks about
“Severn Cullis- Suzuki presents an environmental protest to the UN in 1992 at the earth Summit n Rio Centro. She emphasizes the importance of nature including its animals and how we, the human race, are destroying our planet. Suzuki explains the importance of being aware of our impact on the Earth”
This speech has left UN speechless and in shock, as it was so compelling and strong, that it has made yielding force fall for it.
As my counterclaim, I will be using: People who are conscious of the strong force intention sometimes tend to
Denial is probably the most basic of ego defences
Definition- It is the simple refusal to admit to certain unacceptable or unmanageable aspects of reality, even in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
All rights go to European Azerbaijan School
This presentation was submitted to IB and please use it only as a reference
TOK Presentation Script
Done by: David Dementyev
Slide 1: Title of the presentation
Negative External pressure on Our Behaviour
My presentation is about negative external pressure on a person behavior and how it affects them.
Slide 2: Let me first start by introducing my real-life situation.
My real-life situation is about a kid named James Rodemeyer. James was a teenage boy who was openly gay. James didn't want other different sexually-oriented people to be let down by negative influence. So he started activism and YouTube videos to help victims of homophobic bullying. But in the end, James was bullied so much in real life and on the internet that he decided to take his own life. Bullies' “pleasure” took the life of the 14-year-old James.
Slide 3:
After analyzing my real-life situation I have came up with two questions that were raised from this RLS. These questions are:
Q : To what extent does a negative social environment influence an individual's behavior?
Q: To what extent do past negative experiences affect a person in their present life?
Slide 4: Here is my knowledge question which is the best suiting one to this RLS.
To what extent does a negative external pressure has an effect on a person’s behavior?
Slide 5: What's my reason for picking this specific knowledge question?
Because by picking “negative external pressure” I can analyze this from many different perspectives, I can analyze my main point the “negative” pressure but at the same time, I can relate to another type of pressures. Also, why did I choose this RLS?
Because I believe this is a severe problem worldwide, as many teenagers end up taking their own lives due to the negative social environment/ negative social pressure. I also have friends who have gone through this.
Slides 6: These are the Ways of Knowing that I have decided to go with;
Emotion:
Language:
Faith:
Slide 7: Language
In this slide, I will be talking about my claims and counterclaims on Language, which is supported by various examples and perspectives.
My first claim is: The language used by strong force is sometimes so compelling that it tends to fall for the yielding force.
As an example, I will be using Servern Suzuki's famous speech. Which she talks about
“Severn Cullis- Suzuki presents an environmental protest to the UN in 1992 at the earth Summit n Rio Centro. She emphasizes the importance of nature including its animals and how we, the human race, are destroying our planet. Suzuki explains the importance of being aware of our impact on the Earth”
This speech has left UN speechless and in shock, as it was so compelling and strong, that it has made yielding force fall for it.
As my counterclaim, I will be using: People who are conscious of the strong force intention sometimes tend to
Denial is probably the most basic of ego defences
Definition- It is the simple refusal to admit to certain unacceptable or unmanageable aspects of reality, even in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
Displacement is the redirection of uncomfortable feelings and impulses from their legitimate target towards someone or something less threatening.
A classic example of displacement is the man who has had a bad day at work: instead of taking out his frustration on his boss or colleagues, he bottles it all up until he gets home and then, over supper, pours it all out onto his long-suffering wife.
Displacement can give rise to a chain reaction, with the victim unwittingly becoming a perpetrator.
The angry man’s wife might go on to smack their son, perhaps rationalizing her behaviour by thinking of it in terms of a punishment.
A day or month or year later, the son might bully one of his classmates ‘just for fun’
Displacement is the redirection of uncomfortable feelings and impulses from their legitimate target towards someone or something less threatening.
A classic example of displacement is the man who has had a bad day at work: instead of taking out his frustration on his boss or colleagues, he bottles it all up until he gets home and then, over supper, pours it all out onto his long-suffering wife.
Displacement can give rise to a chain reaction, with the victim unwittingly becoming a perpetrator.
The angry man’s wife might go on to smack their son, perhaps rationalizing her behaviour by thinking of it in terms of a punishment.
A day or month or year later, the son might bully one of his classmates ‘just for fun’
5. Concept Applied:
When the phone ring “DuDung” ,then James knows that his friend ask him to go out.
Neutral
stimulus
produces no
reaction
-James hears his
phone ring ’DuDung”,
didnt know his friend
calling him out.
Unconditioned
stimulus
produces an
unconditioned
response
-by viewing his
message he
know his friend
date him out
Neutral stimulus
and
unconditioned
stimulus are
paired together
many times
-Every time the phone
ring’DuDung’, his
friend ask to go out .
Neutral stimulus
produces a conditioned
response and becomes
a conditioned stimulus.
-James knows his
friend date him
when the phone
ring’DuDUng’
6.
7. 2.THE FALSE CONSENSUS EFFECT
Definition:
The assumption that everyone shares one’s opinion.The
tendency for individual to overestimate the level to which
other people share their beliefs,attitudes,and behaviour.
Concept Applied:
James believes that all of his friends think that driving sports
car is cool just because he believe that it’s cool
8.
9. 3.OPTIMISTIC BIAS
Definition:
Believing that bad things happen to other people and
that you are more likely to experience positive events in
life
Concept Applied:
When James parks at illegal parking, he thinks that he
wont get fined by the police but others will if they park
their car there.
10.
11. Definition:
Use others as the standard by which we compare
ourselves.
Concept Applied:
He felt good about his branded stuff,
knowing that his friends are all wearing
cheap stuff.
4.DOWNWARD SOCIAL COMPARISON
12.
13. Definition:
Physical attractiveness stereotype and “what is beautiful is
good” principle
Concept Applied:
Impression of his friends towards him lead them to feel that
he is smart, kind and hardworking.
5.HALO EFFECT