PSD2 is an EU directive that aims to promote innovation and competition in banking by requiring banks to open up access to customer account information and payment initiation to third party providers. It allows new types of financial service providers called TPPs to access customer bank accounts once authorized by the customer. PSD2 specifies requirements for strong customer authentication and limits on screen scraping, while still designating ISO20022 as the messaging standard for payments. APIs are seen as the key enabler for implementing open banking under PSD2 by allowing banks to share data and payment functionality with third parties in a secure manner. However, PSD2 also threatens to disintermediate banks by empowering technology companies and new fintech competitors that can utilize open banking